summaryrefslogtreecommitdiffhomepage
diff options
context:
space:
mode:
authorEka Y Saputra <ekajogja@gmail.com>2014-03-01 20:05:19 +0700
committerEka Y Saputra <ekajogja@gmail.com>2014-03-01 20:05:19 +0700
commit0f0ab04b27b2164611f0e9f870192094160ec941 (patch)
treec89e9343f70dcdf7a1ef2575b5973694ad614989
parentcd7a06f98feb5c159e0f57992961ffdc4337cfe2 (diff)
Create css-id
-rw-r--r--id-id/css-id.html.markdown235
1 files changed, 235 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/id-id/css-id.html.markdown b/id-id/css-id.html.markdown
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7b0d8a6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/id-id/css-id.html.markdown
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+language: css
+contributors:
+ - ["Mohammad Valipour", "https://github.com/mvalipour"]
+translators:
+ - ["Eka Y Saputra", "http://github.com/ekajogja"]
+lang: id-id
+filename: learncss-id.css
+---
+
+Pada mulanya, web tidak memiliki elemen visual, murni teks saja. Tapi seiring
+perkembangan peramban, laman web dengan elemen visual menjadi umum.
+CSS adalah bahasa standar yang ada untuk menjaga keterpisahan antara
+konten (HTML) serta tampilan-dan-kesan laman web.
+
+Singkatnya, fungsi CSS ialah menyajikan sintaks yang memampukan kita untuk
+menyasar elemen tertentu dalam sebuah laman HTML dan menerapkan
+berbagai properti visual bagi elemen tersebut.
+
+Seperti bahasa lainnya, CSS memiliki banyak versi. Di artikel ini, kita fokus
+pada CSS2.0 yang meskipun bukan versi termutakhir namun paling kompatibel
+dan didukung secara luas.
+
+**CATATAN:** Lantaran keluaran dari CSS berwujud efek-efek visual, maka untuk
+mempelajarinya, kita perlu mencoba berbagai hal dalam dunia olah CSS semisal
+[dabblet](http://dabblet.com/). Fokus utama artikel ini ialah pada sintaks dan sejumlah tips umum.
+
+
+```css
+/* comments appear inside slash-asterisk, just like this line! */
+
+/* ####################
+ ## SELECTORS
+ ####################*/
+
+/* Generally, the primary statement in CSS is very simple */
+selector { property: value; /* more properties...*/ }
+
+/* the selector is used to target an element on page.
+
+You can target all elments on the page! */
+* { color:red; }
+
+/*
+Given an element like this on the page:
+
+<div class='some-class class2' id='someId' attr='value' />
+*/
+
+/* you can target it by it's class name */
+.some-class { }
+
+/*or by both classes! */
+.some-class.class2 { }
+
+/* or by it's tag name */
+div { }
+
+/* or it's id */
+#someId { }
+
+/* or by the fact that it has an attribute! */
+[attr] { font-size:smaller; }
+
+/* or that the attribute has a specific value */
+[attr='value'] { font-size:smaller; }
+
+/* start with a value*/
+[attr^='val'] { font-size:smaller; }
+
+/* or ends with */
+[attr$='ue'] { font-size:smaller; }
+
+/* or even contains a value */
+[attr~='lu'] { font-size:smaller; }
+
+
+/* and more importantly you can combine these together -- there shouldn't be
+any spaaace between different parts because that makes it to have another
+meaning.*/
+div.some-class[attr$='ue'] { }
+
+/* you can also select an element based on how it's parent is.*/
+
+/*an element which is direct child of an element (selected the same way) */
+div.some-parent > .class-name {}
+
+/* or any of it's parents in the tree */
+/* the following basically means any element that has class "class-name"
+and is child of a div with class name "some-parent" IN ANY DEPTH */
+div.some-parent .class-name {}
+
+/* warning: the same selector wihout spaaace has another meaning.
+can you say what? */
+div.some-parent.class-name {}
+
+/* you also might choose to select an element based on it's direct
+previous sibling */
+.i-am-before + .this-element { }
+
+/*or any sibling before this */
+.i-am-any-before ~ .this-element {}
+
+/* There are some pseudo classes that allows you to select an element
+based on it's page behaviour (rather than page structure) */
+
+/* for example for when an element is hovered */
+:hover {}
+
+/* or a visited link*/
+:visited {}
+
+/* or not visited link*/
+:link {}
+
+/* or an input element which is focused */
+:focus {}
+
+
+/* ####################
+ ## PROPERTIES
+ ####################*/
+
+selector {
+
+ /* Units */
+ width: 50%; /* in percent */
+ font-size: 2em; /* times current font-size */
+ width: 200px; /* in pixels */
+ font-size: 20pt; /* in points */
+ width: 5cm; /* in centimeters */
+ width: 50mm; /* in millimeters */
+ width: 5in; /* in inches */
+
+ /* Colors */
+ background-color: #F6E; /* in short hex */
+ background-color: #F262E2; /* in long hex format */
+ background-color: tomato; /* can be a named color */
+ background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); /* in rgb */
+ background-color: rgb(10%, 20%, 50%); /* in rgb percent */
+ background-color: rgba(255, 0, 0, 0.3); /* in semi-transparent rgb */
+
+ /* Images */
+ background-image: url(/path-to-image/image.jpg);
+
+ /* Fonts */
+ font-family: Arial;
+ font-family: "Courier New"; /* if name has spaaace it appears in double-quote */
+ font-family: "Courier New", Trebuchet, Arial; /* if first one was not found
+ browser uses the second font, and so forth */
+}
+
+```
+
+## Usage
+
+Save any CSS you want in a file with extension `.css`.
+
+```xml
+<!-- you need to include the css file in your page's <head>: -->
+<link rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' href='filepath/filename.css' />
+
+<!-- you can also include some CSS inline in your markup. However it is highly
+recommended to avoid this. -->
+<style>
+ selector { property:value; }
+</style>
+
+<!-- or directly set CSS properties on the element.
+This has to be avoided as much as you can. -->
+<div style='property:value;'>
+</div>
+
+```
+
+## Precedence
+
+As you noticed an element may be targetted by more than one selector.
+and may have a property set on it in more than one.
+In these cases, one of the rules takes precedence over others.
+
+Given the following CSS:
+
+```css
+/*A*/
+p.class1[attr='value']
+
+/*B*/
+p.class1 {}
+
+/*C*/
+p.class2 {}
+
+/*D*/
+p {}
+
+/*E*/
+p { property: value !important; }
+
+```
+
+and the following markup:
+
+```xml
+<p style='/*F*/ property:value;' class='class1 class2' attr='value'>
+</p>
+```
+
+The precedence of style is as followed:
+Remember, the precedence is for each **property**, not for the entire block.
+
+* `E` has the highest precedence because of the keyword `!important`.
+ It is recommended to avoid this unless it is strictly necessary to use.
+* `F` is next, because it is inline style.
+* `A` is next, because it is more "specific" than anything else.
+ more specific = more specifiers. here 3 specifiers: 1 tagname `p` +
+ class name `class1` + 1 attribute `attr='value'`
+* `C` is next. although it has the same specificness as `B`
+ but it appears last.
+* Then is `B`
+* and lastly is `D`.
+
+## Compatibility
+
+Most of the features in CSS2 (and gradually in CSS3) are compatible across
+all browsers and devices. But it's always vital to have in mind the compatiblity
+of what you use in CSS with your target browsers.
+
+[QuirksMode CSS](http://www.quirksmode.org/css/) is one of the best sources for this.
+
+## Further Reading
+
+* [Understanding Style Precedence in CSS: Specificity, Inheritance, and the Cascade](http://www.vanseodesign.com/css/css-specificity-inheritance-cascaade/)
+* [QuirksMode CSS](http://www.quirksmode.org/css/)
+* [Z-Index - The stacking context](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Guide/CSS/Understanding_z_index/The_stacking_context)
+