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+---
+category: tool
+tool: tmux
+contributors:
+    - ["mdln", "https://github.com/mdln"]
+filename: LearnTmux.txt
+---
+
+
+[tmux](http://tmux.sourceforge.net)
+is a terminal multiplexer: it enables a number of terminals
+to be created, accessed, and controlled from a single screen. tmux
+may be detached from a screen and continue running in the background
+then later reattached.
+
+
+```
+
+  tmux [command]     # Run a command
+                     # 'tmux' with no commands will create a new session
+
+    new              # Create a new session
+     -s "Session"    # Create named session
+     -n "Window"     # Create named Window
+     -c "/dir"       # Start in target directory
+
+    attach           # Attach last/available session
+     -t "#"          # Attach target session
+     -d              # Detach the session from other instances
+
+    ls               # List open sessions
+     -a              # List all open sessions
+
+    lsw              # List windows
+     -a              # List all windows
+     -s              # List all windows in session
+
+    lsp              # List panes
+     -a              # List all panes
+     -s              # List all panes in session
+     -t              # List app panes in target
+
+    kill-window      # Kill current window
+     -t "#"          # Kill target window
+     -a              # Kill all windows
+     -a -t "#"       # Kill all windows but the target
+
+    kill-session     # Kill current session
+     -t "#"          # Kill target session
+     -a              # Kill all sessions
+     -a -t "#"       # Kill all sessions but the target
+
+```
+
+
+### Key Bindings
+
+The method of controlling an attached tmux session is via key
+combinations called 'Prefix' keys.
+
+```
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+  (C-b) = Ctrl + b    # 'Prefix' combination required to use keybinds
+
+  (M-1) = Meta + 1 -or- Alt + 1
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  ?                  # List all key bindings
+  :                  # Enter the tmux command prompt
+  r                  # Force redraw of the attached client
+  c                  # Create a new window
+
+  !                  # Break the current pane out of the window.
+  %                  # Split the current pane into two, left and right
+  "                  # Split the current pane into two, top and bottom
+
+  n                  # Change to the next window
+  p                  # Change to the previous window
+  {                  # Swap the current pane with the previous pane
+  }                  # Swap the current pane with the next pane
+
+  s                  # Select a new session for the attached client
+                     interactively
+  w                  # Choose the current window interactively
+  0 to 9             # Select windows 0 to 9
+
+  d                  # Detach the current client
+  D                  # Choose a client to detach
+
+  &                  # Kill the current window
+  x                  # Kill the current pane
+
+  Up, Down           # Change to the pane above, below, left, or right
+  Left, Right
+
+  M-1 to M-5         # Arrange panes:
+                       # 1) even-horizontal
+                       # 2) even-vertical
+                       # 3) main-horizontal
+                       # 4) main-vertical
+                       # 5) tiled
+
+  C-Up, C-Down       # Resize the current pane in steps of one cell
+  C-Left, C-Right
+
+  M-Up, M-Down       # Resize the current pane in steps of five cells
+  M-Left, M-Right
+
+```
+
+
+### Configuring ~/.tmux.conf
+
+tmux.conf can be used to set options automatically on start up, much
+like how .vimrc or init.el are used.
+
+```
+# Example tmux.conf
+# 2014.10
+
+
+### General
+###########################################################################
+
+# Enable UTF-8
+setw -g utf8 on
+set-option -g status-utf8 on
+
+# Scrollback/History limit
+set -g history-limit 2048
+
+# Index Start
+set -g base-index 1
+
+# Mouse
+set-option -g mouse-select-pane on
+
+# Force reload of config file
+unbind r
+bind r source-file ~/.tmux.conf
+
+
+### Keybinds
+###########################################################################
+
+# Unbind C-b as the default prefix
+unbind C-b
+
+# Set new default prefix
+set-option -g prefix `
+
+# Return to previous window when prefix is pressed twice
+bind C-a last-window
+bind ` last-window
+
+# Allow swapping C-a and ` using F11/F12
+bind F11 set-option -g prefix C-a
+bind F12 set-option -g prefix `
+
+# Keybind preference
+setw -g mode-keys vi
+set-option -g status-keys vi
+
+# Moving between panes with vim movement keys
+bind h select-pane -L
+bind j select-pane -D
+bind k select-pane -U
+bind l select-pane -R
+
+# Window Cycle/Swap
+bind e previous-window
+bind f next-window
+bind E swap-window -t -1
+bind F swap-window -t +1
+
+# Easy split pane commands
+bind = split-window -h
+bind - split-window -v
+unbind '"'
+unbind %
+
+# Activate inner-most session (when nesting tmux) to send commands
+bind a send-prefix
+
+
+### Theme
+###########################################################################
+
+# Statusbar Color Palatte
+set-option -g status-justify left
+set-option -g status-bg black
+set-option -g status-fg white
+set-option -g status-left-length 40
+set-option -g status-right-length 80
+
+# Pane Border Color Palette
+set-option -g pane-active-border-fg green
+set-option -g pane-active-border-bg black
+set-option -g pane-border-fg white
+set-option -g pane-border-bg black
+
+# Message Color Palette
+set-option -g message-fg black
+set-option -g message-bg green
+
+# Window Status Color Palette
+setw -g window-status-bg black
+setw -g window-status-current-fg green
+setw -g window-status-bell-attr default
+setw -g window-status-bell-fg red
+setw -g window-status-content-attr default
+setw -g window-status-content-fg yellow
+setw -g window-status-activity-attr default
+setw -g window-status-activity-fg yellow
+
+
+### UI
+###########################################################################
+
+# Notification
+setw -g monitor-activity on
+set -g visual-activity on
+set-option -g bell-action any
+set-option -g visual-bell off
+
+# Automatically set window titles
+set-option -g set-titles on
+set-option -g set-titles-string '#H:#S.#I.#P #W #T' # window number,program name,active (or not)
+
+# Statusbar Adjustments
+set -g status-left "#[fg=red] #H#[fg=green]:#[fg=white]#S#[fg=green] |#[default]"
+
+# Show performance counters in statusbar
+# Requires https://github.com/thewtex/tmux-mem-cpu-load/
+set -g status-interval 4
+set -g status-right "#[fg=green] | #[fg=white]#(tmux-mem-cpu-load)#[fg=green] | #[fg=cyan]%H:%M #[default]"
+
+```
+
+
+### References
+
+[Tmux | Home](http://tmux.sourceforge.net)
+
+[Tmux Manual page](http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi/OpenBSD-current/man1/tmux.1?query=tmux)
+
+[Gentoo Wiki](http://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Tmux)
+
+[Archlinux Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Tmux)
+
+[Display CPU/MEM % in statusbar](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/11558907/is-there-a-better-way-to-display-cpu-usage-in-tmux)