Added angularjs tutorial

author: Adam <adam@adambard.com> 2016-10-21 15:28:22 -0700
committer: Adam <adam@adambard.com> 2016-10-21 15:28:22 -0700
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+---
+category: tool
+tool: AngularJS
+contributors:
+    - ["Walter Cordero", "http://waltercordero.com"]
+filename: learnangular.html
+---
+
+## AngularJS Tutorial.
+
+AngularJS version 1.0 was released in 2012.
+Miško Hevery, a Google employee, started to work with AngularJS in 2009.
+The idea turned out very well, and the project is now officially supported by Google.
+
+AngularJS is a JavaScript framework. It can be added to an HTML page with a "script" tag.
+AngularJS extends HTML attributes with Directives, and binds data to HTML with Expressions.
+
+##What You Should Already Know
+
+Before you study AngularJS, you should have a basic understanding of:
+* HTML
+* CSS
+* JavaScript
+
+```html
+// AngularJS is a JavaScript framework. It is a library written in JavaScript.
+// AngularJS is distributed as a JavaScript file, and can be added to a web page with a script tag:
+// <script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/angularjs/1.3.14/angular.min.js"></script>
+
+///////////////////////////////////
+// AngularJS Extends HTML
+
+//AngularJS extends HTML with ng-directives.
+//The ng-app directive defines an AngularJS application.
+//The ng-model directive binds the value of HTML controls (input, select, textarea) to application data.
+//The ng-bind directive binds application data to the HTML view.
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+  <script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/angularjs/1.3.14/angular.min.js"></script>
+  <body>
+    <div ng-app="">
+      <p>Name: <input type="text" ng-model="name"></p>
+      <p ng-bind="name"></p>
+    </div>
+  </body>
+</html>
+
+/*
+  * Example explained:
+  * AngularJS starts automatically when the web page has loaded.
+  * The ng-app directive tells AngularJS that the <div> element is the "owner" of an AngularJS application.
+  * The ng-model directive binds the value of the input field to the application variable name.
+  * The ng-bind directive binds the innerHTML of the <p> element to the application variable name.
+*/
+<tag> Here are content to be intrepreted </tag>
+
+///////////////////////////////////
+// AngularJS Expressions
+
+// AngularJS expressions are written inside double braces: {{ expression }}.
+// AngularJS expressions binds data to HTML the same way as the ng-bind directive.
+// AngularJS will "output" data exactly where the expression is written.
+// AngularJS expressions are much like JavaScript expressions: They can contain literals, operators, and variables.
+// Example {{ 5 + 5 }} or {{ firstName + " " + lastName }}
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+  <script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/angularjs/1.3.14/angular.min.js"></script>
+  <body>
+    <div ng-app="">
+      <p>My first expression: {{ 5 + 5 }}</p>
+    </div>
+  </body>
+</html>
+
+//If you remove the ng-app directive, HTML will display the expression as it is, without solving it:
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+  <script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/angularjs/1.3.14/angular.min.js"></script>
+  <body>
+    <div>
+      <p>My first expression: {{ 5 + 5 }}</p>
+    </div>
+  </body>
+</html>
+
+// AngularJS expressions bind AngularJS data to HTML the same way as the ng-bind directive.
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/angularjs/1.3.14/angular.min.js"></script>
+  <body>
+    <div ng-app="">
+      <p>Name: <input type="text" ng-model="name"></p>
+      <p>{{name}}</p>
+    </div>
+  </body>
+</html>
+
+// AngularJS numbers are like JavaScript numbers:
+<div ng-app="" ng-init="quantity=1;cost=5">
+  <p>Total in dollar: {{ quantity * cost }}</p>
+</div>
+
+//AngularJS strings are like JavaScript strings:
+<div ng-app="" ng-init="firstName='John';lastName='Doe'">
+  <p>The name is <span ng-bind="firstName + ' ' + lastName"></span></p>
+</div>
+
+//AngularJS objects are like JavaScript objects:
+<div ng-app="" ng-init="person={firstName:'John',lastName:'Doe'}">
+  <p>The name is {{ person.lastName }}</p>
+</div>
+
+//AngularJS arrays are like JavaScript arrays:
+<div ng-app="" ng-init="points=[1,15,19,2,40]">
+  <p>The third result is {{ points[2] }}</p>
+</div>
+
+// Like JavaScript expressions, AngularJS expressions can contain literals, operators, and variables.
+// Unlike JavaScript expressions, AngularJS expressions can be written inside HTML.
+// AngularJS expressions do not support conditionals, loops, and exceptions, while JavaScript expressions do.
+// AngularJS expressions support filters, while JavaScript expressions do not.
+
+///////////////////////////////////
+// AngularJS Directives
+
+
+//AngularJS directives are extended HTML attributes with the prefix ng-.
+//The ng-app directive initializes an AngularJS application.
+//The ng-init directive initializes application data.
+//The ng-model directive binds the value of HTML controls (input, select, textarea) to application data.
+<div ng-app="" ng-init="firstName='John'">
+  <p>Name: <input type="text" ng-model="firstName"></p>
+  <p>You wrote: {{ firstName }}</p>
+</div>
+
+//Using ng-init is not very common. You will learn how to initialize data in the chapter about controllers.
+
+//The ng-repeat directive repeats an HTML element:
+<div ng-app="" ng-init="names=['Jani','Hege','Kai']">
+  <ul>
+    <li ng-repeat="x in names">
+      {{ x }}
+    </li>
+  </ul>
+</div>
+
+//The ng-repeat directive used on an array of objects:
+<div ng-app="" ng-init="names=[
+{name:'Jani',country:'Norway'},
+{name:'Hege',country:'Sweden'},
+{name:'Kai',country:'Denmark'}]">
+  <ul>
+    <li ng-repeat="x  in names">
+      {{ x.name + ', ' + x.country }}
+    </li>
+  </ul>
+</div>
+
+// AngularJS is perfect for database CRUD (Create Read Update Delete) applications.
+// Just imagine if these objects were records from a database.
+
+// The ng-app directive defines the root element of an AngularJS application.
+// The ng-app directive will auto-bootstrap (automatically initialize) the application when a web page is loaded.
+// Later you will learn how ng-app can have a value (like ng-app="myModule"), to connect code modules.
+
+// The ng-init directive defines initial values for an AngularJS application.
+// Normally, you will not use ng-init. You will use a controller or module instead.
+// You will learn more about controllers and modules later.
+
+//The ng-model directive binds the value of HTML controls (input, select, textarea) to application data.
+//The ng-model directive can also:
+//Provide type validation for application data (number, email, required).
+//Provide status for application data (invalid, dirty, touched, error).
+//Provide CSS classes for HTML elements.
+//Bind HTML elements to HTML forms.
+
+//The ng-repeat directive clones HTML elements once for each item in a collection (in an array).
+
+///////////////////////////////////
+// AngularJS Controllers
+
+// AngularJS controllers control the data of AngularJS applications.
+// AngularJS controllers are regular JavaScript Objects.
+
+// AngularJS applications are controlled by controllers.
+// The ng-controller directive defines the application controller.
+// A controller is a JavaScript Object, created by a standard JavaScript object constructor.
+
+<div ng-app="myApp" ng-controller="myCtrl">
+
+First Name: <input type="text" ng-model="firstName"><br>
+Last Name: <input type="text" ng-model="lastName"><br>
+<br>
+Full Name: {{firstName + " " + lastName}}
+
+</div>
+
+<script>
+var app = angular.module('myApp', []);
+app.controller('myCtrl', function($scope) {
+    $scope.firstName = "John";
+    $scope.lastName = "Doe";
+});
+</script>
+
+//Application explained:
+
+//The AngularJS application is defined by  ng-app="myApp". The application runs inside the <div>.
+//The ng-controller="myCtrl" attribute is an AngularJS directive. It defines a controller.
+//The myCtrl function is a JavaScript function.
+//AngularJS will invoke the controller with a $scope object.
+//In AngularJS, $scope is the application object (the owner of application variables and functions).
+//The controller creates two properties (variables) in the scope (firstName and lastName).
+//The ng-model directives bind the input fields to the controller properties (firstName and lastName).
+
+//The example above demonstrated a controller object with two properties: lastName and firstName.
+//A controller can also have methods (variables as functions):
+<div ng-app="myApp" ng-controller="personCtrl">
+
+First Name: <input type="text" ng-model="firstName"><br>
+Last Name: <input type="text" ng-model="lastName"><br>
+<br>
+Full Name: {{fullName()}}
+
+</div>
+
+<script>
+var app = angular.module('myApp', []);
+app.controller('personCtrl', function($scope) {
+    $scope.firstName = "John";
+    $scope.lastName = "Doe";
+    $scope.fullName = function() {
+        return $scope.firstName + " " + $scope.lastName;
+    }
+});
+</script>
+
+//In larger applications, it is common to store controllers in external files.
+//Just copy the code between the <script> </script> tags into an external file named personController.js:
+
+<div ng-app="myApp" ng-controller="personCtrl">
+
+First Name: <input type="text" ng-model="firstName"><br>
+Last Name: <input type="text" ng-model="lastName"><br>
+<br>
+Full Name: {{firstName + " " + lastName}}
+
+</div>
+
+<script src="personController.js"></script>
+
+// For the next example we will create a new controller file:
+angular.module('myApp', []).controller('namesCtrl', function($scope) {
+    $scope.names = [
+        {name:'Jani',country:'Norway'},
+        {name:'Hege',country:'Sweden'},
+        {name:'Kai',country:'Denmark'}
+    ];
+});
+
+//Save the file as  namesController.js:
+//And then use the controller file in an application:
+
+<div ng-app="myApp" ng-controller="namesCtrl">
+
+<ul>
+  <li ng-repeat="x in names">
+    {{ x.name + ', ' + x.country }}
+  </li>
+</ul>
+
+</div>
+
+<script src="namesController.js"></script>
+
+///////////////////////////////////
+// AngularJS Filers
+
+// Filters can be added to expressions and directives using a pipe character.
+// AngularJS filters can be used to transform data:
+
+**currency:  Format a number to a currency format.
+**filter:  Select a subset of items from an array.
+**lowercase: Format a string to lower case.
+**orderBy: Orders an array by an expression.
+**uppercase: Format a string to upper case.
+
+//A filter can be added to an expression with a pipe character (|) and a filter.
+//(For the next two examples we will use the person controller from the previous chapter)
+//The uppercase filter format strings to upper case:
+<div ng-app="myApp" ng-controller="personCtrl">
+
+<p>The name is {{ lastName | uppercase }}</p>
+
+</div>
+
+//The lowercase filter format strings to lower case:
+<div ng-app="myApp" ng-controller="personCtrl">
+
+<p>The name is {{ lastName | lowercase }}</p>
+
+</div>
+
+//The currency filter formats a number as currency:
+<div ng-app="myApp" ng-controller="costCtrl">
+
+<input type="number" ng-model="quantity">
+<input type="number" ng-model="price">
+
+<p>Total = {{ (quantity * price) | currency }}</p>
+
+</div> 
+
+//A filter can be added to a directive with a pipe character (|) and a filter.
+//The orderBy filter orders an array by an expression:
+<div ng-app="myApp" ng-controller="namesCtrl">
+
+<ul>
+  <li ng-repeat="x in names | orderBy:'country'">
+    {{ x.name + ', ' + x.country }}
+  </li>
+</ul>
+
+<div>
+
+//An input filter can be added to a directive with a pipe character (|) 
+//and filter followed by a colon and a model name.
+//The filter filter selects a subset of an array:
+
+<div ng-app="myApp" ng-controller="namesCtrl">
+
+<p><input type="text" ng-model="test"></p>
+
+<ul>
+  <li ng-repeat="x in names | filter:test | orderBy:'country'">
+    {{ (x.name | uppercase) + ', ' + x.country }}
+  </li>
+</ul>
+
+</div>
+
+///////////////////////////////////
+// AngularJS AJAX - $http
+
+//$http is an AngularJS service for reading data from remote servers.
+
+// The following data can be provided by a web server:
+// http://www.w3schools.com/angular/customers.php
+// **Check the URL to see the data format**
+
+// AngularJS $http is a core service for reading data from web servers.
+// $http.get(url) is the function to use for reading server data.
+<div ng-app="myApp" ng-controller="customersCtrl"> 
+
+<ul>
+  <li ng-repeat="x in names">
+    {{ x.Name + ', ' + x.Country }}
+  </li>
+</ul>
+
+</div>
+
+<script>
+var app = angular.module('myApp', []);
+app.controller('customersCtrl', function($scope, $http) {
+    $http.get("http://www.w3schools.com/angular/customers.php")
+    .success(function(response) {$scope.names = response.records;});
+});
+</script>
+
+Application explained:
+
+// The AngularJS application is defined by ng-app. The application runs inside a <div>.
+// The ng-controller directive names the controller object.
+// The customersCtrl function is a standard JavaScript object constructor.
+// AngularJS will invoke customersCtrl with a $scope and $http object.
+// $scope is the application object (the owner of application variables and functions).
+// $http is an XMLHttpRequest object for requesting external data.
+// $http.get() reads JSON data from http://www.w3schools.com/angular/customers.php.
+// If success, the controller creates a property (names) in the scope, with JSON data from the server.
+
+
+// Requests for data from a different server (than the requesting page), are called cross-site HTTP requests.
+// Cross-site requests are common on the web. Many pages load CSS, images, and scripts from different servers.
+// In modern browsers, cross-site HTTP requests from scripts are restricted to same site for security reasons.
+// The following line, in our PHP examples, has been added to allow cross-site access.
+header("Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *");
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////
+// AngularJS Tables
+
+// Displaying tables with angular is very simple:
+<div ng-app="myApp" ng-controller="customersCtrl"> 
+
+<table>
+  <tr ng-repeat="x in names">
+    <td>{{ x.Name }}</td>
+    <td>{{ x.Country }}</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+</div>
+
+<script>
+var app = angular.module('myApp', []);
+app.controller('customersCtrl', function($scope, $http) {
+    $http.get("http://www.w3schools.com/angular/customers.php")
+    .success(function (response) {$scope.names = response.records;});
+});
+</script>
+
+// To sort the table, add an orderBy filter: 
+<table>
+  <tr ng-repeat="x in names | orderBy : 'Country'">
+    <td>{{ x.Name }}</td>
+    <td>{{ x.Country }}</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+// To display the table index, add a <td> with $index: 
+<table>
+  <tr ng-repeat="x in names">
+    <td>{{ $index + 1 }}</td>
+    <td>{{ x.Name }}</td>
+    <td>{{ x.Country }}</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+// Using $even and $odd
+<table>
+  <tr ng-repeat="x in names">
+    <td ng-if="$odd" style="background-color:#f1f1f1">{{ x.Name }}</td>
+    <td ng-if="$even">{{ x.Name }}</td>
+    <td ng-if="$odd" style="background-color:#f1f1f1">{{ x.Country }}</td>
+    <td ng-if="$even">{{ x.Country }}</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+///////////////////////////////////
+// AngularJS HTML DOM
+
+//AngularJS has directives for binding application data to the attributes of HTML DOM elements.
+
+// The ng-disabled directive binds AngularJS application data to the disabled attribute of HTML elements.
+
+<div ng-app="" ng-init="mySwitch=true">
+
+<p>
+<button ng-disabled="mySwitch">Click Me!</button>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<input type="checkbox" ng-model="mySwitch">Button
+</p>
+
+</div>
+
+//Application explained:
+
+// The ng-disabled directive binds the application data mySwitch to the HTML button's disabled attribute.
+// The ng-model directive binds the value of the HTML checkbox element to the value of mySwitch.
+// If the value of mySwitch evaluates to true, the button will be disabled: 
+<p>
+<button disabled>Click Me!</button>
+</p>
+
+// If the value of mySwitch evaluates to false, the button will not be disabled: 
+<p>
+  <button>Click Me!</button>
+</p>
+
+// The ng-show directive shows or hides an HTML element.
+
+<div ng-app="">
+
+<p ng-show="true">I am visible.</p>
+
+<p ng-show="false">I am not visible.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+// The ng-show directive shows (or hides) an HTML element based on the value of ng-show.
+// You can use any expression that evaluates to true or false:
+<div ng-app="">
+<p ng-show="hour > 12">I am visible.</p>
+</div>
+
+///////////////////////////////////
+// AngularJS Events
+
+// AngularJS has its own HTML events directives.
+
+// The ng-click directive defines an AngularJS click event.
+<div ng-app="myApp" ng-controller="myCtrl">
+
+<button ng-click="count = count + 1">Click me!</button>
+
+<p>{{ count }}</p>
+
+</div>
+<script>
+var app = angular.module('myApp', []);
+app.controller('myCtrl', function($scope) {
+    $scope.count = 0;
+});
+</script>
+
+// The ng-hide directive can be used to set the visibility of a part of an application.
+// The value ng-hide="true" makes an HTML element invisible.
+// The value ng-hide="false" makes the element visible.
+<div ng-app="myApp" ng-controller="personCtrl">
+
+<button ng-click="toggle()">Toggle</button>
+
+<p ng-hide="myVar">
+First Name: <input type="text" ng-model="firstName"><br>
+Last Name: <input type="text" ng-model="lastName"><br>
+<br>
+Full Name: {{firstName + " " + lastName}}
+</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<script>
+var app = angular.module('myApp', []);
+app.controller('personCtrl', function($scope) {
+    $scope.firstName = "John",
+    $scope.lastName = "Doe"
+    $scope.myVar = false;
+    $scope.toggle = function() {
+        $scope.myVar = !$scope.myVar;
+    };
+});
+</script>
+
+//Application explained:
+
+// The first part of the personController is the same as in the chapter about controllers.
+// The application has a default property (a variable): $scope.myVar = false;
+// The ng-hide directive sets the visibility, of a <p> element with two input fields, 
+// according to the value (true or false) of myVar.
+// The function toggle() toggles myVar between true and false.
+// The value ng-hide="true" makes the element invisible.
+
+
+// The ng-show directive can also be used to set the visibility of a part of an application.
+// The value ng-show="false" makes an HTML element invisible.
+// The value ng-show="true" makes the element visible.
+// Here is the same example as above, using ng-show instead of ng-hide:
+<div ng-app="myApp" ng-controller="personCtrl">
+
+<button ng-click="toggle()">Toggle</button>
+
+<p ng-show="myVar">
+First Name: <input type="text" ng-model="firstName"><br>
+Last Name: <input type="text" ng-model="lastName"><br>
+<br>
+Full Name: {{firstName + " " + lastName}}
+</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<script>
+var app = angular.module('myApp', []);
+app.controller('personCtrl', function($scope) {
+    $scope.firstName = "John",
+    $scope.lastName = "Doe"
+    $scope.myVar = true;
+    $scope.toggle = function() {
+        $scope.myVar = !$scope.myVar;
+    }
+});
+</script>
+
+///////////////////////////////////
+// AngularJS Modules
+
+// An AngularJS module defines an application.
+// The module is a container for the different parts of an application.
+// The module is a container for the application controllers.
+// Controllers always belong to a module.
+
+// This application ("myApp") has one controller ("myCtrl"):
+
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/angularjs/1.3.14/angular.min.js"></script>
+<body>
+
+<div ng-app="myApp" ng-controller="myCtrl">
+{{ firstName + " " + lastName }}
+</div>
+
+<script>
+var app = angular.module("myApp", []);
+app.controller("myCtrl", function($scope) {
+    $scope.firstName = "John";
+    $scope.lastName = "Doe";
+});
+</script>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
+// It is common in AngularJS applications to put the module and the controllers in JavaScript files.
+// In this example, "myApp.js" contains an application module definition, while "myCtrl.js" contains the controller:
+
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/angularjs/1.3.14/angular.min.js"></script>
+<body>
+
+<div ng-app="myApp" ng-controller="myCtrl">
+{{ firstName + " " + lastName }}
+</div>
+
+<script src="myApp.js"></script>
+<script src="myCtrl.js"></script>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
+//myApp.js
+var app = angular.module("myApp", []); 
+
+// The [] parameter in the module definition can be used to define dependent modules.
+
+// myCtrl.js
+app.controller("myCtrl", function($scope) {
+    $scope.firstName  = "John";
+    $scope.lastName= "Doe";
+});
+
+// Global functions should be avoided in JavaScript. They can easily be overwritten 
+// or destroyed by other scripts.
+
+// AngularJS modules reduces this problem, by keeping all functions local to the module.
+
+// While it is common in HTML applications to place scripts at the end of the 
+// <body> element, it is recommended that you load the AngularJS library either
+// in the <head> or at the start of the <body>.
+
+// This is because calls to angular.module can only be compiled after the library has been loaded.
+
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<body>
+<script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/angularjs/1.3.14/angular.min.js"></script>
+
+<div ng-app="myApp" ng-controller="myCtrl">
+{{ firstName + " " + lastName }}
+</div>
+
+<script>
+var app = angular.module("myApp", []);
+app.controller("myCtrl", function($scope) {
+    $scope.firstName = "John";
+    $scope.lastName = "Doe";
+});
+</script>
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////
+// AngularJS Applications
+
+// AngularJS modules define AngularJS applications.
+// AngularJS controllers control AngularJS applications.
+// The ng-app directive defines the application, the ng-controller directive defines the controller.
+<div ng-app="myApp" ng-controller="myCtrl">
+  First Name: <input type="text" ng-model="firstName"><br>
+  Last Name: <input type="text" ng-model="lastName"><br>
+  <br>
+  Full Name: {{firstName + " " + lastName}}
+</div>
+<script>
+  var app = angular.module('myApp', []);
+  app.controller('myCtrl', function($scope) {
+      $scope.firstName= "John";
+      $scope.lastName= "Doe";
+  });
+</script>
+
+// AngularJS modules define applications:
+var app = angular.module('myApp', []);
+
+// AngularJS controllers control applications:
+app.controller('myCtrl', function($scope) {
+    $scope.firstName= "John";
+    $scope.lastName= "Doe";
+});
+```
+
+## Source & References
+
+**Examples
+* http://www.w3schools.com/angular/angular_examples.asp
+
+**References
+* http://www.w3schools.com/angular/angular_ref_directives.asp
+* http://www.w3schools.com/angular/default.asp
+* https://teamtreehouse.com/library/angular-basics/
+
+Feedback is welcome! You can find me in:
+[@WalterC_87](https://twitter.com/WalterC_87), or
+[me@waltercordero.com](mailto:me@waltercordero.com).
+
author	Adam <adam@adambard.com>	2016-10-21 15:28:22 -0700
committer	Adam <adam@adambard.com>	2016-10-21 15:28:22 -0700
commit	de376b4357e79fc847e4c1ae2717946fe05d3bef (patch)
tree	9b9dd5ed0f2727803f2500a864495891c2a239a0 /angularjs.html.markdown
parent	98abad6935b77e66a4b8f2ddff340d57dbfeb173 (diff)