Merge branch 'master' into patch-1

1 files changed, 46 insertions, 13 deletions

diff --git a/latex.html.markdown b/latex.html.markdown
index 49200968..34c4b78d 100644
--- a/latex.html.markdown
+++ b/latex.html.markdown
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 language: latex
 contributors:
     - ["Chaitanya Krishna Ande", "http://icymist.github.io"]
-    - ["Colton Kohnke", "http://github.com/voltnor"]
+    - ["Colton Kohnke", "https://github.com/voltnor"]
     - ["Sricharan Chiruvolu", "http://sricharan.xyz"]
     - ["Ramanan Balakrishnan", "https://github.com/ramananbalakrishnan"]
     - ["Svetlana Golubeva", "https://attillax.github.io/"]
@@ -95,8 +95,9 @@ to the source code.
 
 Separate paragraphs by empty lines.
 
-You need to add a backslash after abbreviations (if not followed by a comma), because otherwise the spacing after the dot is too large:
-E.g., i.e., etc.\ are are such abbreviations.
+You need to add a tilde after abbreviations (if not followed by a comma) for a
+non-breaking space, because otherwise the spacing after the dot is too large:
+E.g., i.e., etc.~are are such abbreviations.
 
 \section{Lists}
 Lists are one of the easiest things to create in \LaTeX! I need to go shopping
@@ -140,8 +141,7 @@ about!
 Operators are essential parts of a mathematical document:
 trigonometric functions ($\sin$, $\cos$, $\tan$),
 logarithms and exponentials ($\log$, $\exp$),
-limits ($\lim$), etc.\ 
-have pre-defined LaTeX commands.
+limits ($\lim$), etc.~have pre-defined LaTeX commands.
 Let's write an equation to see how it's done:
 $\cos(2\theta) = \cos^{2}(\theta) - \sin^{2}(\theta)$
 
@@ -181,7 +181,9 @@ Summations and Integrals are written with sum and int commands:
 \section{Figures}
 
 Let's insert a figure. Figure placement can get a little tricky.
+Basic options are [t] for top, [b] for bottom, [h] for here (approximately).
 I definitely have to lookup the placement options each time.
+% See https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Floats,_Figures_and_Captions for more details
 
 \begin{figure}[H] % H here denoted the placement option.
     \centering % centers the figure on the page
@@ -198,16 +200,24 @@ We can also insert Tables in the same way as figures.
 \begin{table}[H]
   \caption{Caption for the Table.}
   % the {} arguments below describe how each row of the table is drawn.
-  % Again, I have to look these up. Each. And. Every. Time.
-  \begin{tabular}{c|cc}
-    Number &  Last Name & First Name \\ % Column rows are separated by &
+  % The basics are simple: one letter for each column, to control alignment:
+  % basic options are: c, l, r and p for centered, left, right and paragraph
+  % optionally, you can add a | for a vertical line
+  % See https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Tables for more details
+  \begin{tabular}{c|cc}  % here it means "centered | vertical line, centered centered"
+    Number &  First Name & Last Name \\ % Column rows are separated by &
     \hline % a horizontal line
     1 & Biggus & Dickus \\
     2 & Monty & Python
   \end{tabular}
+  % it will approximately be displayed like this
+  % Number | First Name     Last Name
+  % -------|---------------------------  % because of \hline
+  %   1    |   Biggus        Dickus
+  %   2    |   Monty         Python
 \end{table}
 
-\section{Getting \LaTeX{} to not compile something (i.e.\ Source Code)}
+\section{Getting \LaTeX{} to not compile something (i.e.~Source Code)}
 Let's say we want to include some code into our \LaTeX{} document,
 we would then need \LaTeX{} to not try and interpret that text and
 instead just print it to the document. We do this with a verbatim
@@ -218,14 +228,15 @@ environment.
 \begin{verbatim}
   print("Hello World!")
   a%b; % look! We can use % signs in verbatim.
-  random = 4; #decided by fair random dice roll
+  random = 4; #decided by fair random dice roll, https://www.xkcd.com/221/
+  See https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php/221:_Random_Number
 \end{verbatim}
 
 \section{Compiling}
 
 By now you're probably wondering how to compile this fabulous document
 and look at the glorious glory that is a \LaTeX{} pdf.
-(yes, this document actually does compile).
+(Yes, this document actually does compile).
 
 Getting to the final document using \LaTeX{} consists of the following
 steps:
@@ -244,6 +255,7 @@ Step 2 is still happening behind the scenes\footnote{In cases, where you use
 references (like Eqn.~\ref{eq:pythagoras}), you may need to run Step 2
 multiple times, to generate an intermediary *.aux file.}.
 % Also, this is how you add footnotes to your document!
+% with a simple \footnote{...} command. They are numbered ¹, ², ... by default.
 
 You write all your formatting information in plain text in Step 1.
 The compilation part in Step 2 takes care of producing the document in the
@@ -262,9 +274,30 @@ There exists two main types of links: visible URL \\
 % You can not add extra-spaces or special symbols into shadowing text since it
 % will cause mistakes during the compilation
 
-This package also produces list of thumbnails in the output pdf document and
+This package also produces list of thumbnails in the output PDF document and
 active links in the table of contents.
 
+\section{Writing in ASCII or other encodings}
+
+By default, historically LaTeX accepts inputs which are pure ASCII (128),
+but not extended ASCII, meaning without accents (à, è etc.) and non-Latin symbols.
+
+It is easy to insert accents and basic Latin symbols, with backslash shortcuts
+Like \,c, \'e, \`A, \ae and \oe etc.  % for ç, é, À, etc
+% See https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Special_Characters#Escaped_codes for more
+
+To write directly in UTF-8, when compiling with pdflatex, use
+\begin{verbatim}
+    \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
+\end{verbatim}
+The selected font has to support the glyphs used for your document, you have to add
+\begin{verbatim}
+    \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Since LuaTeX and XeLaTeX were designed with built-in support for UTF-8, making
+life easier for writing in non-Latin alphabets.
+
 \section{End}
 
 That's all for now!
@@ -284,6 +317,6 @@ That's all for now!
 
 ## More on LaTeX
 
-* The amazing LaTeX wikibook: [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX](https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX)
+* The amazing LaTeX Wikibook: [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX](https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX)
 * An actual tutorial: [http://www.latex-tutorial.com/](http://www.latex-tutorial.com/)
 * A quick guide for learning LaTeX: [Learn LaTeX in 30 minutes](https://www.overleaf.com/learn/latex/Learn_LaTeX_in_30_minutes)