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authorLaoujin <woutervs@hotmail.com>2015-11-27 03:49:34 +0100
committerLaoujin <woutervs@hotmail.com>2015-11-27 03:49:34 +0100
commit0b7c612c3ed5c82b05bca22bcf3622e37fe55581 (patch)
tree61bd55821a74ae4a3616a8e2b6e9aad1d9858eef /powershell.html.markdown
parentbc47915c8f09fc586e47fd37fef76f6d27a0a8b8 (diff)
[PowerShell/en] IO, Interesting Projects, Not Covered, Exception Handling, UseFull stuff, max line 80.
Diffstat (limited to 'powershell.html.markdown')
-rw-r--r--powershell.html.markdown144
1 files changed, 129 insertions, 15 deletions
diff --git a/powershell.html.markdown b/powershell.html.markdown
index be802916..6f38c45c 100644
--- a/powershell.html.markdown
+++ b/powershell.html.markdown
@@ -6,10 +6,14 @@ contributors:
filename: LearnPowershell.ps1
---
-PowerShell is the Windows scripting language and configuration management framework from Microsoft built on the .NET Framework. Windows 7 and up ship with PowerShell.
-Nearly all examples below can be a part of a shell script or executed directly in the shell.
+PowerShell is the Windows scripting language and configuration management
+framework from Microsoft built on the .NET Framework. Windows 7 and up ship
+with PowerShell.
+Nearly all examples below can be a part of a shell script or executed directly
+in the shell.
-A key difference with Bash is that it is mostly objects that you manipulate rather than plain text.
+A key difference with Bash is that it is mostly objects that you manipulate
+rather than plain text.
[Read more here.](https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb978526.aspx)
@@ -38,6 +42,10 @@ Get-Alias -Definition Get-Process
Get-Help ps | less # alias: help
ps | Get-Member # alias: gm
+
+Show-Command Get-EventLog # Display GUI to fill in the parameters
+
+Update-Help # Run as admin
```
The tutorial starts here:
@@ -49,20 +57,21 @@ echo Hello world!
# echo is an alias for Write-Output (=cmdlet)
# Most cmdlets and functions follow the Verb-Noun naming convention
-# Each command starts on a new line, or after semicolon:
+# Each command starts on a new line, or after a semicolon:
echo 'This is the first line'; echo 'This is the second line'
# Declaring a variable looks like this:
$aString="Some string"
# Or like this:
-$aNumber = 5
+$aNumber = 5 -as [double]
$aList = 1,2,3,4,5
+$aString = $aList -join '--' # yes, -split exists also
$aHashtable = @{name1='val1'; name2='val2'}
# Using variables:
echo $aString
echo "Interpolation: $aString"
-echo "`$aString has length of $($aString.length)"
+echo "`$aString has length of $($aString.Length)"
echo '$aString'
echo @"
This is a Here-String
@@ -84,15 +93,14 @@ echo "Full path of current script directory: $PSScriptRoot"
echo 'Full path of current script: ' + $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Path
echo "FUll path of current directory: $Pwd"
echo "Bound arguments in a function, script or code block: $PSBoundParameters"
-echo "Unbound arguments: $($Args -join ', ')." ######################## MOVE THIS TO FUNCTIONS
+echo "Unbound arguments: $($Args -join ', ')."
# More builtins: `help about_Automatic_Variables`
-# Reading a value from input:
-$Name = Read-Host "What's your name?"
-echo "Hello, $Name!"
-[int]$Age = Read-Host "What's your age?"
+# Inline another file (dot operator)
+. .\otherScriptName.ps1
-# Control Flow
+
+### Control Flow
# We have the usual if structure:
if ($Age -is [string]) {
echo 'But.. $Age cannot be a string!'
@@ -127,7 +135,14 @@ foreach ($var in 'val1','val2','val3') { echo $var }
# do {} while ()
# do {} until ()
+# Exception handling
+try {} catch {} finally {}
+try {} catch [System.NullReferenceException] {
+ echo $_.Exception | Format-List -Force
+}
+
+### Providers
# List files and directories in the current directory
ls # or `dir`
cd ~ # goto home
@@ -140,6 +155,8 @@ cd HKCU: # go to the HKEY_CURRENT_USER registry hive
# Get all providers in your session
Get-PSProvider
+
+### Pipeline
# Cmdlets have parameters that control their execution:
Get-ChildItem -Filter *.txt -Name # Get just the name of all txt files
# Only need to type as much of a parameter name until it is no longer ambiguous
@@ -171,10 +188,96 @@ Get-EventLog Application -After (Get-Date).AddHours(-2) | Format-List
# Get-Process as a table with three columns
# The third column is the value of the VM property in MB and 2 decimal places
-# Computed columns can be written more succinctly as: `@{n='lbl';e={$_}`
-ps | Format-Table ID,Name,@{name='VM(MB)';expression={'{0:n2}' -f ($_.VM / 1MB)}} -autoSize
+# Computed columns can be written more verbose as:
+# `@{name='lbl';expression={$_}`
+ps | Format-Table ID,Name,@{n='VM(MB)';e={'{0:n2}' -f ($_.VM / 1MB)}} -autoSize
+
+
+### Functions
+# The [string] attribute is optional.
+function foo([string]$name) {
+ echo "Hey $name, have a function"
+}
+
+# Calling your function
+foo "Say my name"
+
+# Functions with named parameters, parameter attributes, parsable documention
+<#
+.SYNOPSIS
+Setup a new website
+.DESCRIPTION
+Creates everything your new website needs for much win
+.PARAMETER siteName
+The name for the new website
+.EXAMPLE
+New-Website -Name FancySite -Po 5000
+New-Website SiteWithDefaultPort
+New-Website siteName 2000 # ERROR! Port argument could not be validated
+('name1','name2') | New-Website -Verbose
+#>
+function New-Website() {
+ [CmdletBinding()]
+ param (
+ [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline=$true, Mandatory=$true)]
+ [Alias('name')]
+ [string]$siteName,
+ [ValidateSet(3000,5000,8000)]
+ [int]$port = 3000
+ )
+ BEGIN { Write-Verbose 'Creating new website(s)' }
+ PROCESS { echo "name: $siteName, port: $port" }
+ END { Write-Verbose 'Website(s) created' }
+}
+
+### It's all .NET
+# A PS string is in fact a .NET System.String
+# All .NET methods and properties are thus available
+'string'.ToUpper().Replace('G', 'ggg')
+# Or more powershellish
+'string'.ToUpper() -replace 'G', 'ggg'
+# Unsure how that .NET method is called again?
+'string' | gm
+
+# Syntax for calling static .NET methods
+[System.Reflection.Assembly]::LoadWithPartialName('Microsoft.VisualBasic')
+
+# Note that .NET functions MUST be called with parentheses
+# while PS functions CANNOT be called with parentheses
+$writer = New-Object System.IO.StreamWriter($path, $true)
+$writer.Write([Environment]::NewLine)
+$write.Dispose()
+
+### IO
+# Reading a value from input:
+$Name = Read-Host "What's your name?"
+echo "Hello, $Name!"
+[int]$Age = Read-Host "What's your age?"
+
+# Test-Path, Split-Path, Join-Path, Resolve-Path
+# Get-Content filename # returns a string[]
+# Set-Content, Add-Content, Clear-Content
+Get-Command ConvertTo-*,ConvertFrom-*
+
+
+### Useful stuff
+# Refresh your PATH
+$env:PATH = [System.Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable("Path", "Machine") +
+ ";" + [System.Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable("Path", "User")
+# Find Python in path
+$env:PATH.Split(";") | Where-Object { $_ -like "*python*"}
+
+# Change working directory without having to remember previous path
+Push-Location c:\temp # change working directory to c:\temp
+Pop-Location # change back to previous working directory
+
+# Unblock a directory after download
+Get-ChildItem -Recurse | Unblock-File
+
+# Open Windows Explorer in working directory
+ii .
```
@@ -187,4 +290,15 @@ if (-not (Test-Path $Profile)) {
notepad $Profile
}
# More info: `help about_profiles`
-``` \ No newline at end of file
+```
+
+Interesting Projects
+* [Channel9](https://channel9.msdn.com/Search?term=powershell%20pipeline#ch9Search&lang-en=en) PowerShell videos
+* [PSake](https://github.com/psake/psake) Build automation tool
+* [Pester](https://github.com/pester/Pester) BDD Testing Framework
+
+Not covered
+* WMI: Windows Management Intrumentation (Get-CimInstance)
+* Multitasking: Start-Job -scriptBlock {...},
+* Code Signing
+* Remoting (Enter-PSSession/Exit-PSSession; Invoke-Command) \ No newline at end of file