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| -rw-r--r-- | zh-cn/dart-cn.html.markdown | 205 | 
1 files changed, 97 insertions, 108 deletions
| diff --git a/zh-cn/dart-cn.html.markdown b/zh-cn/dart-cn.html.markdown index 47b1a93b..64663b21 100644 --- a/zh-cn/dart-cn.html.markdown +++ b/zh-cn/dart-cn.html.markdown @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ translators:  Dart 是编程语言王国的新人。  它借鉴了许多其他主流语言,并且不会偏离它的兄弟语言 JavaScript 太多。 -就像 JavaScript,Dart 的目标是提供良好的浏览器集成。 +就像 JavaScript 一样,Dart 的目标是提供良好的浏览器集成。  Dart 最有争议的特性必然是它的可选类型。 @@ -17,15 +17,14 @@ Dart 最有争议的特性必然是它的可选类型。  import "dart:collection";  import "dart:math" as DM; -// Welcome to Learn Dart in 15 minutes. http://www.dartlang.org/ -// This is an executable tutorial. You can run it with Dart or on -// the Try Dart! site if you copy/paste it there. http://try.dartlang.org/ +// 欢迎进入15分钟的 Dart 学习。 http://www.dartlang.org/ +// 这是一个可实际执行的向导。你可以用 Dart 运行它 +// 或者在线执行! 可以把代码复制/粘贴到这个网站。 http://try.dartlang.org/ -// Function declaration and method declaration look the same. Function -// declarations can be nested. The declaration takes the form of -// name() {} or name() => singleLineExpression; -// The fat arrow function declaration has an implicit return for the result of -// the expression. +// 函数声明和方法声明看起来一样。 +// 函数声明可以嵌套。声明使用这种 name() {} 的形式, +// 或者 name() => 单行表达式; 的形式。 +// 右箭头的声明形式会隐式地返回表达式的结果。  example1() {    example1nested1() {      example1nested2() => print("Example1 nested 1 nested 2"); @@ -34,7 +33,7 @@ example1() {    example1nested1();  } -// Anonymous functions don't include a name. +// 匿名函数没有函数名。  example2() {    example2nested1(fn) {      fn(); @@ -42,21 +41,20 @@ example2() {    example2nested1(() => print("Example2 nested 1"));  } -// When a function parameter is declared, the declaration can include the -// number of parameters the function takes by specifying the names of the -// parameters it takes. +// 当声明函数类型的参数的时候,声明中可以包含 +// 函数参数需要的参数,指定所需的参数名即可。  example3() {    example3nested1(fn(informSomething)) {      fn("Example3 nested 1");    } -  example3planB(fn) { // Or don't declare number of parameters. +  example3planB(fn) { // 或者不声明函数参数的参数      fn("Example3 plan B");    }    example3nested1((s) => print(s));    example3planB((s) => print(s));  } -// Functions have closure access to outer variables. +// 函数有可以访问到外层变量的闭包。  var example4Something = "Example4 nested 1";  example4() {    example4nested1(fn(informSomething)) { @@ -65,8 +63,8 @@ example4() {    example4nested1((s) => print(s));  } -// Class declaration with a sayIt method, which also has closure access -// to the outer variable as though it were a function as seen before. +// 下面这个包含 sayIt 方法的类声明,同样有一个可以访问外层变量的闭包, +// 就像前面的函数一样。  var example5method = "Example5 sayIt";  class Example5Class {    sayIt() { @@ -74,14 +72,14 @@ class Example5Class {    }  }  example5() { -  // Create an anonymous instance of the Example5Class and call the sayIt -  // method on it. +  // 创建一个 Example5Class 类的匿名实例, +  // 并调用它的 sayIt 方法。    new Example5Class().sayIt();  } -// Class declaration takes the form of class name { [classBody] }. -// Where classBody can include instance methods and variables, but also -// class methods and variables. +// 类的声明使用这种形式 class name { [classBody] }. +// classBody 中可以包含实例方法和变量, +// 还可以包含类方法和变量。  class Example6Class {    var example6InstanceVariable = "Example6 instance variable";     sayIt() { @@ -92,7 +90,7 @@ example6() {    new Example6Class().sayIt();  } -// Class methods and variables are declared with "static" terms. +// 类方法和变量使用 static 关键词声明。  class Example7Class {    static var example7ClassVariable = "Example7 class variable";     static sayItFromClass() { @@ -107,11 +105,10 @@ example7() {    new Example7Class().sayItFromInstance();  } -// Literals are great, but there's a restriction for what literals can be -// outside of function/method bodies. Literals on the outer scope of class -// or outside of class have to be constant. Strings and numbers are constant -// by default. But arrays and maps are not. They can be made constant by -// declaring them "const". +// 字面量非常方便,但是对于在函数/方法的外层的字面量有一个限制, +// 类的外层或外面的字面量必需是常量。 +// 字符串和数字默认是常量。 +// 但是 array 和 map 不是。他们需要用 "const" 声明为常量。  var example8A = const ["Example8 const array"],    example8M = const {"someKey": "Example8 const map"};   example8() { @@ -119,9 +116,9 @@ example8() {    print(example8M["someKey"]);  } -// Loops in Dart take the form of standard for () {} or while () {} loops, -// slightly more modern for (.. in ..) {}, or functional callbacks with many -// supported features, starting with forEach. +// Dart 中的循环使用标准的 for () {} 或 while () {} 的形式, +// 以及更加现代的 for (.. in ..) {} 的形式, 或者 +// 以 forEach 开头并具有许多特性支持的函数回调的形式。  var example9A = const ["a", "b"];  example9() {    for (var i = 0; i < example9A.length; i++) { @@ -138,7 +135,7 @@ example9() {    example9A.forEach((e) => print("Example9 forEach loop '${e}'"));  } -// To loop over the characters of a string or to extract a substring. +// 遍历字符串中的每个字符或者提取其子串。  var example10S = "ab";  example10() {    for (var i = 0; i < example10S.length; i++) { @@ -149,14 +146,14 @@ example10() {    }  } -// Int and double are the two supported number formats. +// 支持两种数字格式 int 和 double 。  example11() {    var i = 1 + 320, d = 3.2 + 0.01;    print("Example11 int ${i}");    print("Example11 double ${d}");  } -// DateTime provides date/time arithmetic. +// DateTime 提供了日期/时间的算法。  example12() {    var now = new DateTime.now();    print("Example12 now '${now}'"); @@ -164,7 +161,7 @@ example12() {    print("Example12 tomorrow '${now}'");  } -// Regular expressions are supported. +// 支持正则表达式。  example13() {    var s1 = "some string", s2 = "some", re = new RegExp("^s.+?g\$");    match(s) { @@ -178,8 +175,8 @@ example13() {    match(s2);  } -// Boolean expressions need to resolve to either true or false, as no -// implicit conversions are supported. +// 布尔表达式必需被解析为 true 或 false, +// 因为不支持隐式转换。  example14() {    var v = true;    if (v) { @@ -188,17 +185,17 @@ example14() {    v = null;    try {      if (v) { -      // Never runs +      // 不会执行      } else { -      // Never runs +      // 不会执行      }    } catch (e) {      print("Example14 null value causes an exception: '${e}'");    }  } -// try/catch/finally and throw are used for exception handling. -// throw takes any object as parameter; +// try/catch/finally 和 throw 语句用于异常处理。 +// throw 语句可以使用任何对象作为参数。  example15() {    try {      try { @@ -214,8 +211,8 @@ example15() {    }  } -// To be efficient when creating a long string dynamically, use -// StringBuffer. Or you could join a string array. +// 要想有效地动态创建长字符串, +// 应该使用 StringBuffer。 或者 join 一个字符串的数组。  example16() {    var sb = new StringBuffer(), a = ["a", "b", "c", "d"], e;    for (e in a) { sb.write(e); } @@ -224,8 +221,8 @@ example16() {    print("Example16 join string array '${a.join()}'");  } -// Strings can be concatenated by just having string literals next to -// one another with no further operator needed. +// 字符串连接只需让相邻的字符串字面量挨着, +// 不需要额外的操作符。  example17() {    print("Example17 "        "concatenate " @@ -233,44 +230,41 @@ example17() {        "just like that");  } -// Strings have single-quote or double-quote for delimiters with no -// actual difference between the two. The given flexibility can be good -// to avoid the need to escape content that matches the delimiter being -// used. For example, double-quotes of HTML attributes if the string -// contains HTML content. +// 字符串使用单引号或双引号做分隔符,二者并没有实际的差异。 +// 这种灵活性可以很好地避免内容中需要转义分隔符的情况。 +// 例如,字符串内容里的 HTML 属性使用了双引号。  example18() {    print('Example18 <a href="etc">'        "Don't can't I'm Etc"        '</a>');  } -// Strings with triple single-quotes or triple double-quotes span -// multiple lines and include line delimiters. +// 用三个单引号或三个双引号表示的字符串 +// 可以跨越多行,并且包含行分隔符。  example19() {    print('''Example19 <a href="etc">   Example19 Don't can't I'm Etc  Example19 </a>''');  } -// Strings have the nice interpolation feature with the $ character. -// With $ { [expression] }, the return of the expression is interpolated. -// $ followed by a variable name interpolates the content of that variable. -// $ can be escaped like so \$ to just add it to the string instead. +// 字符串可以使用 $ 字符插入内容。 +// 使用 $ { [expression] } 的形式,表达式的值会被插入到字符串中。 +// $ 跟着一个变量名会插入变量的值。 +// 如果要在字符串中插入 $ ,可以使用 \$ 的转义形式代替。  example20() {    var s1 = "'\${s}'", s2 = "'\$s'";    print("Example20 \$ interpolation ${s1} or $s2 works.");  } -// Optional types allow for the annotation of APIs and come to the aid of -// IDEs so the IDEs can better refactor, auto-complete and check for -// errors. So far we haven't declared any types and the programs have -// worked just fine. In fact, types are disregarded during runtime. -// Types can even be wrong and the program will still be given the -// benefit of the doubt and be run as though the types didn't matter. -// There's a runtime parameter that checks for type errors which is -// the checked mode, which is said to be useful during development time, -// but which is also slower because of the extra checking and is thus -// avoided during deployment runtime. +// 可选类型允许作为 API 的标注,并且可以辅助 IDE, +// 这样 IDE 可以更好地提供重构、自动完成和错误检测功能。 +// 目前为止我们还没有声明任何类型,并且程序运行地很好。 +// 事实上,类型在运行时会被忽略。 +// 类型甚至可以是错的,并且程序依然可以执行, +// 好像和类型完全无关一样。 +// 有一个运行时参数可以让程序进入检查模式,它会在运行时检查类型错误。 +// 这在开发时很有用,但是由于增加了额外的检查会使程序变慢, +// 因此应该避免在部署时使用。  class Example21 {    List<String> _names;    Example21() { @@ -293,7 +287,7 @@ void example21() {    print("Example21 names '${o.names}' and length '${o.length}'");  } -// Class inheritance takes the form of class name extends AnotherClassName {}. +// 类的继承形式是 class name extends AnotherClassName {} 。  class Example22A {    var _name = "Some Name!";    get name => _name; @@ -304,13 +298,13 @@ example22() {    print("Example22 class inheritance '${o.name}'");  } -// Class mixin is also available, and takes the form of +// 类也可以使用 mixin 的形式 :  // class name extends SomeClass with AnotherClassName {}. -// It's necessary to extend some class to be able to mixin another one. -// The template class of mixin cannot at the moment have a constructor. -// Mixin is mostly used to share methods with distant classes, so the -// single inheritance doesn't get in the way of reusable code. -// Mixins follow the "with" statement during the class declaration. +// 必需继承某个类才能 mixin 另一个类。 +// 当前 mixin 的模板类不能有构造函数。 +// Mixin 主要是用来和辅助的类共享方法的, +// 这样单一继承就不会影响代码复用。 +// Mixin 声明在类定义的 "with" 关键词后面。  class Example23A {}  class Example23Utils {    addTwo(n1, n2) { @@ -329,10 +323,9 @@ example23() {    print("Example23 addTwo(1, 2) results in '${r2}'");  } -// The Class constructor method uses the same name of the class and -// takes the form of SomeClass() : super() {}, where the ": super()" -// part is optional and it's used to delegate constant parameters to the -// super-parent's constructor. +// 类的构造函数名和类名相同,形式为 +// SomeClass() : super() {},  其中 ": super()" 的部分是可选的, +// 它用来传递参数给父类的构造函数。  class Example24A {    var _value;    Example24A({value: "someValue"}) { @@ -350,9 +343,9 @@ example24() {    print("Example24 calling super during constructor '${o2.value}'");  } -// There's a shortcut to set constructor parameters in case of simpler classes. -// Just use the this.parameterName prefix and it will set the parameter on -// an instance variable of same name. +// 对于简单的类,有一种设置构造函数参数的快捷方式。 +// 只需要使用 this.parameterName 的前缀, +// 它就会把参数设置为同名的实例变量。  class Example25 {    var value, anotherValue;    Example25({this.value, this.anotherValue}); @@ -363,9 +356,9 @@ example25() {      "'${o.anotherValue}'");  } -// Named parameters are available when declared between {}. -// Parameter order can be optional when declared between {}. -// Parameters can be made optional when declared between []. +// 可以在大括号 {} 中声明命名参数。 +// 大括号 {} 中声明的参数的顺序是随意的。 +// 在中括号 [] 中声明的参数也是可选的。   example26() {    var _name, _surname, _email;    setConfig1({name, surname}) { @@ -385,13 +378,11 @@ example26() {    "email '${_email}'");  } -// Variables declared with final can only be set once. -// In case of classes, final instance variables can be set via constant -// constructor parameter. +// 使用 final 声明的变量只能被设置一次。 +// 在类里面,final 实例变量可以通过常量的构造函数参数设置。  class Example27 {    final color1, color2; -  // A little flexibility to set final instance variables with syntax -  // that follows the : +  // 更灵活一点的方法是在冒号 : 后面设置 final 实例变量。    Example27({this.color1, color2}) : color2 = color2;  }  example27() { @@ -400,11 +391,11 @@ example27() {    print("Example27 color is '${o.color1}' and '${o.color2}'");  } -// To import a library, use import "libraryPath" or if it's a core library, -// import "dart:libraryName". There's also the "pub" package management with -// its own convention of import "package:packageName". -// See import "dart:collection"; at the top. Imports must come before -// other code declarations. IterableBase comes from dart:collection. +// 要导入一个库,使用 import "libraryPath" 的形式,或者如果要导入的是 +// 核心库使用 import "dart:libraryName" 。还有一个称为 "pub" 的包管理工具, +// 它使用 import "package:packageName" 的约定形式。 +// 看下这个文件顶部的 import "dart:collection"; 语句。  +// 导入语句必需在其它代码声明之前出现。IterableBase 来自于 dart:collection 。  class Example28 extends IterableBase {    var names;    Example28() { @@ -417,11 +408,11 @@ example28() {    o.forEach((name) => print("Example28 '${name}'"));  } -// For control flow we have: -// * standard switch with must break statements -// * if-else if-else and ternary ..?..:.. operator -// * closures and anonymous functions -// * break, continue and return statements +// 对于控制流语句,我们有: +// * 必需带 break 的标准 switch 语句 +// * if-else 和三元操作符 ..?..:..  +// * 闭包和匿名函数 +// * break, continue 和 return 语句  example29() {    var v = true ? 30 : 60;    switch (v) { @@ -448,12 +439,12 @@ example29() {      } else {        continue;      } -    // Never gets here. +    // 不会到这里。    }  } -// Parse int, convert double to int, or just keep int when dividing numbers -// by using the ~/ operation. Let's play a guess game too. +// 解析 int,把 double 转成 int,或者使用 ~/ 操作符在除法计算时仅保留整数位。 +// 让我们也来场猜数游戏吧。  example30() {    var gn, tooHigh = false,      n, n2 = (2.0).toInt(), top = int.parse("123") ~/ n2, bottom = 0; @@ -481,11 +472,9 @@ example30() {    }  } -// Programs have only one entry point in the main function. -// Nothing is expected to be executed on the outer scope before a program -// starts running with what's in its main function. -// This helps with faster loading and even lazily loading of just what -// the program needs to startup with. +// 程序的唯一入口点是 main 函数。 +// 在程序开始执行 main 函数之前,不期望执行任何外层代码。 +// 这样可以帮助程序更快地加载,甚至仅惰性加载程序启动时需要的部分。  main() {    print("Learn Dart in 15 minutes!");    [example1, example2, example3, example4, example5, example6, example7, @@ -500,8 +489,8 @@ main() {  ## 延伸阅读 -Dart 有一个全面的网站。它涵盖了 API 参考、入门向导、文章以及更多, -包括一个有用的 Dart 在线试用。 +Dart 有一个综合性网站。它涵盖了 API 参考、入门向导、文章以及更多, +还包括一个有用的在线试用 Dart 页面。  http://www.dartlang.org/  http://try.dartlang.org/ | 
