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| -rw-r--r-- | zh-cn/elixir-cn.html.markdown | 127 |
1 files changed, 63 insertions, 64 deletions
diff --git a/zh-cn/elixir-cn.html.markdown b/zh-cn/elixir-cn.html.markdown index 8ea499ff..2c8f5fb5 100644 --- a/zh-cn/elixir-cn.html.markdown +++ b/zh-cn/elixir-cn.html.markdown @@ -2,88 +2,88 @@ language: elixir contributors: - ["Joao Marques", "http://github.com/mrshankly"] + - ["lidashuang", "http://github.com/lidashuang"] filename: learnelixir.ex --- -Elixir is a modern functional language built on top of the Erlang VM. -It's fully compatible with Erlang, but features a more standard syntax -and many more features. +Elixir 是一门构建在Elang VM 之上的函数式编程语言。Elixir 完全兼容 Eralng, +另外还提供了更标准的语法，特性。 -```ruby +```elixir -# Single line comments start with a hashtag. +# 这是单行注释, 注释以井号开头 -# There's no multi-line comment, -# but you can stack multiple comments. +# 没有多行注释 +# 但你可以堆叠多个注释。 -# To use the elixir shell use the `iex` command. -# Compile your modules with the `elixirc` command. +# elixir shell 使用命令 `iex` 进入。 +# 编译模块使用 `elixirc` 命令。 -# Both should be in your path if you installed elixir correctly. +# 如果安装正确，这些命令都会在环境变量里 ## --------------------------- -## -- Basic types +## -- 基本类型 ## --------------------------- -# There are numbers -3 # integer -0x1F # integer -3.0 # float +# 数字 +3 # 整型 +0x1F # 整型 +3.0 # 浮点类型 -# Atoms, that are literals, a constant with name. They start with `:`. +# 原子(Atoms)，以 `:`开头 :hello # atom # Tuples that are stored contiguously in memory. {1,2,3} # tuple -# We can access a tuple element with the `elem` function: +# 使用`elem`函数访问元组(tuple)里的元素: elem({1, 2, 3}, 0) #=> 1 -# Lists that are implemented as linked lists. +# 列表(list) [1,2,3] # list -# We can access the head and tail of a list as follows: +# 可以用下面的方法访问列表的头尾元素: [head | tail] = [1,2,3] head #=> 1 tail #=> [2,3] -# In elixir, just like in Erlang, the `=` denotes pattern matching and -# not an assignment. +# 在elixir,就像在Erlang, `=` 表示模式匹配 (pattern matching) +# 不是赋值。 # # This means that the left-hand side (pattern) is matched against a # right-hand side. # # This is how the above example of accessing the head and tail of a list works. -# A pattern match will error when the sides don't match, in this example -# the tuples have different sizes. +# 当左右两边不匹配时，会返回error, 在这个 +# 例子中，元组大小不一样。 # {a, b, c} = {1, 2} #=> ** (MatchError) no match of right hand side value: {1,2} -# There's also binaries +# 还有二进制类型 (binaries) <<1,2,3>> # binary -# Strings and char lists +# 字符串(Strings) 和 字符列表(char lists) "hello" # string 'hello' # char list -# Multi-line strings +# 多行字符串 """ I'm a multi-line string. """ #=> "I'm a multi-line\nstring.\n" -# Strings are all encoded in UTF-8: +# 所有的字符串(Strings)以UTF-8编码： "héllò" #=> "héllò" -# Strings are really just binaries, and char lists are just lists. +# 字符串(Strings)本质就是二进制类型(binaries), 字符列表(char lists)本质是列表(lists) <<?a, ?b, ?c>> #=> "abc" [?a, ?b, ?c] #=> 'abc' -# `?a` in elixir returns the ASCII integer for the letter `a` +# 在 elixir中，`?a`返回 `a` 的 ASCII 整型值 ?a #=> 97 -# To concatenate lists use `++`, for binaries use `<>` +# 合并列表使用 `++`, 对于二进制类型则使用 `<>` [1,2,3] ++ [4,5] #=> [1,2,3,4,5] 'hello ' ++ 'world' #=> 'hello world' @@ -91,67 +91,67 @@ string. "hello " <> "world" #=> "hello world" ## --------------------------- -## -- Operators +## -- 操作符(Operators) ## --------------------------- -# Some math +# 一些数学运算 1 + 1 #=> 2 10 - 5 #=> 5 5 * 2 #=> 10 10 / 2 #=> 5.0 -# In elixir the operator `/` always returns a float. +# 在 elixir 操作符 `/` 返回值总是浮点数。 -# To do integer division use `div` +# 做整数除法使用 `div` div(10, 2) #=> 5 -# To get the division remainder use `rem` +# 为了得到余数使用 `rem` rem(10, 3) #=> 1 -# There's also boolean operators: `or`, `and` and `not`. -# These operators expect a boolean as their first argument. +# 还有 boolean 操作符: `or`, `and` and `not`. +# 第一个参数必须是boolean 类型 true and true #=> true false or true #=> true # 1 and true #=> ** (ArgumentError) argument error -# Elixir also provides `||`, `&&` and `!` which accept arguments of any type. -# All values except `false` and `nil` will evaluate to true. +# Elixir 也提供了 `||`, `&&` 和 `!` 可以接受任意的类型 +# 除了`false` 和 `nil` 其它都会被当作true. 1 || true #=> 1 false && 1 #=> false nil && 20 #=> nil !true #=> false -# For comparisons we have: `==`, `!=`, `===`, `!==`, `<=`, `>=`, `<` and `>` +# 比较有: `==`, `!=`, `===`, `!==`, `<=`, `>=`, `<` 和 `>` 1 == 1 #=> true 1 != 1 #=> false 1 < 2 #=> true -# `===` and `!==` are more strict when comparing integers and floats: +# `===` 和 `!==` 在比较整型和浮点类型时更为严格: 1 == 1.0 #=> true 1 === 1.0 #=> false -# We can also compare two different data types: +# 我们也可以比较两种不同的类型: 1 < :hello #=> true -# The overall sorting order is defined below: +# 总的排序顺序定义如下: # number < atom < reference < functions < port < pid < tuple < list < bit string # To quote Joe Armstrong on this: "The actual order is not important, # but that a total ordering is well defined is important." ## --------------------------- -## -- Control Flow +## -- 控制结构(Control Flow) ## --------------------------- -# `if` expression +# `if` 表达式 if false do "This will never be seen" else "This will" end -# There's also `unless` +# 还有 `unless` unless true do "This will never be seen" else @@ -170,12 +170,12 @@ case {:one, :two} do "This will match any value" end -# It's common practice to assign a value to `_` if we don't need it. -# For example, if only the head of a list matters to us: +# 模式匹配时，如果不需要某个值，通用的做法是把值 匹配到 `_` +# 例如，我们只需要要列表的头元素: [head | _] = [1,2,3] head #=> 1 -# For better readability we can do the following: +# 下面的方式效果一样，但可读性更好 [head | _tail] = [:a, :b, :c] head #=> :a @@ -213,10 +213,10 @@ end # "Got :hello" ## --------------------------- -## -- Modules and Functions +## -- 模块和函数(Modules and Functions) ## --------------------------- -# Anonymous functions (notice the dot) +# 匿名函数 (注意点) square = fn(x) -> x * x end square.(5) #=> 25 @@ -231,14 +231,13 @@ end f.(1, 3) #=> 4 f.(-1, 3) #=> -3 -# Elixir also provides many built-in functions. -# These are available in the current scope. +# Elixir 提供了很多内建函数 +# 在默认作用域都是可用的 is_number(10) #=> true is_list("hello") #=> false elem({1,2,3}, 0) #=> 1 -# You can group several functions into a module. Inside a module use `def` -# to define your functions. +# 你可以在一个模块里定义多个函数，定义函数使用 `def` defmodule Math do def sum(a, b) do a + b @@ -252,12 +251,12 @@ end Math.sum(1, 2) #=> 3 Math.square(3) #=> 9 -# To compile our simple Math module save it as `math.ex` and use `elixirc` -# in your terminal: elixirc math.ex +# 保存到 `math.ex`，使用 `elixirc` 编译你的 Math 模块 +# 在终端里: elixirc math.ex -# Inside a module we can define functions with `def` and private functions with `defp`. -# A function defined with `def` is available to be invoked from other modules, -# a private function can only be invoked locally. +# 在模块中可以使用`def`定义函数，使用 `defp` 定义私有函数 +# 使用`def` 定义的函数可以被其它模块调用 +# 私有函数只能在本模块内调用 defmodule PrivateMath do def sum(a, b) do do_sum(a, b) @@ -287,7 +286,7 @@ Geometry.area({:circle, 3}) #=> 28.25999999999999801048 # Geometry.area({:circle, "not_a_number"}) #=> ** (FunctionClauseError) no function clause matching in Geometry.area/1 -# Due to immutability, recursion is a big part of elixir +#由于不变性，递归是Elixir的重要组成部分 defmodule Recursion do def sum_list([head | tail], acc) do sum_list(tail, acc + head) @@ -322,7 +321,7 @@ defrecord Person, name: nil, age: 0, height: 0 joe_info = Person.new(name: "Joe", age: 30, height: 180) #=> Person[name: "Joe", age: 30, height: 180] -# Access the value of name +# 访问name的值 joe_info.name #=> "Joe" # Update the value of age @@ -345,7 +344,7 @@ rescue end ## --------------------------- -## -- Concurrency +## -- 并发(Concurrency) ## --------------------------- # Elixir relies on the actor model for concurrency. All we need to write @@ -386,7 +385,7 @@ pid <- {:circle, 2} #=> Area = 12.56000000000000049738 # {:circle,2} -# The shell is also a process, you can use `self` to get the current pid +# shell也是一个进程(process), 你可以使用`self`获取当前 pid self() #=> #PID<0.27.0> ``` |