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-rw-r--r--c++.html.markdown98
1 files changed, 49 insertions, 49 deletions
diff --git a/c++.html.markdown b/c++.html.markdown
index 290633f3..5dc1af59 100644
--- a/c++.html.markdown
+++ b/c++.html.markdown
@@ -808,8 +808,8 @@ void doSomethingWithAFile(const std::string& filename)
// have default comparators, but you can override it.
class Foo {
public:
- int j;
- Foo(int a) : j(a) {}
+ int j;
+ Foo(int a) : j(a) {}
};
struct compareFunction {
bool operator()(const Foo& a, const Foo& b) const {
@@ -948,7 +948,7 @@ f1 = f2;
#include<tuple>
-// Conceptually, Tuples are similar to old data structures (C-like structs) but instead of having named data members ,
+// Conceptually, Tuples are similar to old data structures (C-like structs) but instead of having named data members,
// its elements are accessed by their order in the tuple.
// We start with constructing a tuple.
@@ -958,10 +958,10 @@ const int maxN = 1e9;
const int maxL = 15;
auto second = make_tuple(maxN, maxL);
-// printing elements of 'first' tuple
+// Printing elements of 'first' tuple
cout << get<0>(first) << " " << get<1>(first) << "\n"; //prints : 10 A
-// printing elements of 'second' tuple
+// Printing elements of 'second' tuple
cout << get<0>(second) << " " << get<1>(second) << "\n"; // prints: 1000000000 15
// Unpacking tuple into variables
@@ -989,43 +989,43 @@ cout << get<5>(concatenated_tuple) << "\n"; // prints: 'A'
/////////////////////
-// CONTAINERS
+// Containers
/////////////////////
-// Containers or the Standard Template Library are some predefined templates
-// They manages the storage space for its elements and provide
-// member functions to access and manipulate them
+// Containers or the Standard Template Library are some predefined templates.
+// They manage the storage space for its elements and provide
+// member functions to access and manipulate them.
-// Few containers are as follows:-
+// Few containers are as follows:
-// Vectors (Dynamic arrays)
+// Vector (Dynamic array)
// Allow us to Define the Array or list of objects at run time
-#include<vector> // will include the header file for vector
-vector< Data_Type > Vector_name; // used to initialize the vector
-cin>>val;
+#include<vector>
+vector<Data_Type> Vector_name; // used to initialize the vector
+cin >> val;
Vector_name.push_back(val); // will push the value of variable into array
-// To iterate through vector, we have 2 choices
-// using normal looping
+// To iterate through vector, we have 2 choices:
+// Normal looping
for(int i=0; i<Vector_name.size(); i++)
// It will iterate through the vector from index '0' till last index
-// Using Iterator
+// Iterator
vector<Data_Type>::iterator it; // initialize the iteartor for vector
for(it=vector_name.begin(); it!=vector_name.end();++it)
// For accessing the element of the vector
// Operator []
-var= vector_name[index]; //will assign value at that index to var
+var = vector_name[index]; // Will assign value at that index to var
// Set
-// Sets are containers that store unique elements following a specific order
-// Very useful container to store unique values in sorted order
-// without any other functions or code
+// Sets are containers that store unique elements following a specific order.
+// Set is a very useful container to store unique values in sorted order
+// without any other functions or code.
-#include<set> // Will include the header file for sets
-set< int > ST; // Will initialize the set of int data type
+#include<set>
+set<int> ST; // Will initialize the set of int data type
ST.insert(30); // Will insert the value 30 in set ST
ST.insert(10); // Will insert the value 10 in set ST
ST.insert(20); // Will insert the value 20 in set ST
@@ -1037,47 +1037,47 @@ ST.insert(30); // Will insert the value 30 in set ST
ST.erase(20); // Will erase element with value 20
// Set ST: 10 30
// To iterate through Set we use iterators
-set< int >::iterator it;
-for(it=ST.begin();it<ST.end();it++)
-{
- cout<<*it<<endl;
+set<int>::iterator it;
+for(it=ST.begin();it<ST.end();it++) {
+ cout << *it << endl;
}
-// OUTPUT:
+// Output:
// 10
// 30
// To clear the complete container we use Container_name.clear()
ST.clear();
-cout<<ST.size(); // will print the size of set ST
-// OUTPUT: 0
+cout << ST.size(); // will print the size of set ST
+// Output: 0
// NOTE: for duplicate elements we can use multiset
-// MAP
+// Map
// Maps store elements formed by a combination of a key value
-// and a mapped value, following a specific order
+// and a mapped value, following a specific order.
-#include<map> // Will include the header file for map
-map< char, int >mymap; // Will initalize the map with key as char and value as int
+#include<map>
+map<char, int> mymap; // Will initalize the map with key as char and value as int
-mymap.insert ( pair<char,int>('A',1) );
+mymap.insert(pair<char,int>('A',1));
// Will insert value 1 for key A
-mymap.insert ( pair<char,int>('Z',26) );
+mymap.insert(pair<char,int>('Z',26));
// Will insert value 26 for key Z
// To iterate
map<char,int>::iterator it;
for (it=mymap.begin(); it!=mymap.end(); ++it)
- std::cout << it->first << "->" << it->second <<'\n';
+ std::cout << it->first << "->" << it->second << '\n';
// Output:
// A->1
// Z->26
// To find the value correponsing to a key
it = mymap.find('Z');
-cout<<it->second;
+cout << it->second;
+
+// Output: 26
-// OUTPUT: 26
///////////////////////////////////
// Logical and Bitwise operators
@@ -1087,17 +1087,17 @@ cout<<it->second;
// Logical operators
-// C++ uses Short - circuit evaluation for boolean expressions, i.e, the second argument is executed or
+// C++ uses Short-circuit evaluation for boolean expressions, i.e, the second argument is executed or
// evaluated only if the first argument does not suffice to determine the value of the expression
true && false // Performs **logical and** to yield false
true || false // Performs **logical or** to yield true
-! true // Performs **logcical not** to yield
+! true // Performs **logical not** to yield false
// Instead of using symbols equivalent keywords can be used
true and false // Performs **logical and** to yield false
-true or false // Performs **logical or** to yield true
-not true // Performs **logcical not** to yield
+true or false // Performs **logical or** to yield true
+not true // Performs **logical not** to yield false
// Bitwise operators
@@ -1108,20 +1108,20 @@ not true // Performs **logcical not** to yield
// **>>** Right Shift Operator
-// << shifts bits to the right
+// >> shifts bits to the right
4 >> 1 // Shifts bits of 4 to right by 1 to give 2
-// x << n can be thought as x / 2^n
+// x >> n can be thought as x / 2^n
-~4 // Performs a bitwise not
+~4 // Performs a bitwise not
4 | 3 // Performs bitwise or
4 & 3 // Performs bitwise and
4 ^ 3 // Performs bitwise xor
// Equivalent keywords are
-compl 4 // Performs a bitwise not
-4 bitor 3 // Performs bitwise or
+compl 4 // Performs a bitwise not
+4 bitor 3 // Performs bitwise or
4 bitand 3 // Performs bitwise and
-4 xor 3 // Performs bitwise xor
+4 xor 3 // Performs bitwise xor
```