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Diffstat (limited to 'c.html.markdown')
-rw-r--r-- | c.html.markdown | 41 |
1 files changed, 37 insertions, 4 deletions
diff --git a/c.html.markdown b/c.html.markdown index f2b9047b..132f75dc 100644 --- a/c.html.markdown +++ b/c.html.markdown @@ -1,7 +1,8 @@ --- language: c -author: Adam Bard -author_url: http://adambard.com/ +filename: learnc.c +contributors: + - ["Adam Bard", "http://adambard.com/"] --- Ah, C. Still the language of modern high-performance computing. @@ -12,6 +13,7 @@ memory management and C will take you as far as you need to go. ```c // Single-line comments start with // + /* Multi-line comments look like this. */ @@ -19,6 +21,7 @@ Multi-line comments look like this. // Import headers with #include #include <stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h> +#include <string.h> // Declare function signatures in advance in a .h file, or at the top of // your .c file. @@ -75,7 +78,7 @@ unsigned long long ux_long_long; // on your machine. sizeof(T) gives you the size of a variable with type T in // bytes so you can express the size of these types in a portable way. // For example, -printf("%d\n", sizeof(int)); // => 4 (on machines with 4-byte words) +printf("%lu\n", sizeof(int)); // => 4 (on machines with 4-byte words) // Arrays must be initialized with a concrete size. char my_char_array[20]; // This array occupies 1 * 20 = 20 bytes @@ -107,7 +110,7 @@ Char #17 is the NUL byte. Chars #18, 19 and 20 have undefined values. */ -printf("%d\n", a_string[16]); => 0 +printf("%d\n", a_string[16]); // => 0 /////////////////////////////////////// // Operators @@ -360,6 +363,36 @@ int area(rect r){ return r.width * r.height; } +/////////////////////////////////////// +// Function pointers +/////////////////////////////////////// +/* +At runtime, functions are located at known memory addresses. Function pointers are +much likely any other pointer (they just store a memory address), but can be used +to invoke functions directly, and to pass handlers (or callback functions) around. +However, definition syntax may be initially confusing. + +Example: use str_reverse from a pointer +*/ +void str_reverse_through_pointer(char * str_in) { + // Define a function pointer variable, named f. + void (*f)(char *); // Signature should exactly match the target function. + f = &str_reverse; // Assign the address for the actual function (determined at runtime) + (*f)(str_in); // Just calling the function through the pointer + // f(str_in); // That's an alternative but equally valid syntax for calling it. +} + +/* +As long as function signatures match, you can assign any function to the same pointer. +Function pointers are usually typedef'd for simplicity and readability, as follows: +*/ + +typedef void (*my_fnp_type)(char *); + +// The used when declaring the actual pointer variable: +// ... +// my_fnp_type f; + ``` ## Further Reading |