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diff --git a/de-de/vim-de.html.markdown b/de-de/vim-de.html.markdown new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a5d0519f --- /dev/null +++ b/de-de/vim-de.html.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,274 @@ +--- +category: tool +tool: vim +lang = de-de +contributors: + - ["RadhikaG", "https://github.com/RadhikaG"] +translators: + - ["caminsha", "https://github.com/caminsha"] +filename: LearnVim-de.txt +--- + + +[Vim](http://www.vim.org) +(Vi IMproved) ist ein Klon von vi, dem bekannten Editor für Unix. Es ist ein +Texteditor, welcher mit Fokus auf Geschwindigkeit und Prouktivität entwickelt +wurde. +Vim hat viele Keybindings für ein schnelles navigieren und schnelles bearbeiten +einer Datei. + +## Grundlagen, um in Vim zu navigieren + +``` + vim <filename> # Öffne <filename> in Vim + :help <topic> # Open up built-in help docs about <topic> if any exists + :q # Schliesse vim + :w # Speichere diese Datei + :wq # Speichere diese Datei und schliesse vim + ZZ # Speichere diese Datei und schliesse vim + :q! # Schliesse vim ohne die Datei zu speichern + # ! *zwingt* die Ausführung von :q, + # daher wird die Datei nicht gespeichert. + ZQ # Beende vim ohne die Datei zu speichern + :x # Speichere die Datei und beende vim + # Dies ist eine kürzere Version von :wq + + u # Änderung rückgängig machen + CTRL+R # Änderung wiederherstellen + + h # Den Cursor um ein Zeichen nach links bewegen + j # Den Cursor eine Zeile nach unten bewegen + k # Den Cursor eine Zeile nach oben bewegen + l # Den Cursor um ein Zeichen nach rechts bewegen + + Ctrl+B # Gehe eine Bildschirmanzeige zurück + Ctrl+F # Gehe eine Bildschirmanzeige vorwärts + Ctrl+D # Gehe eine halbe Bildschirmanzeige vorwärts + Ctrl+U # Gehe eine halbe Bildschirmanzeige zurück + + # Navigieren innerhalb einer Zeile + + 0 # Navigiere zum Anfang der Zeile + $ # Navigiere zum Ende der Zeile + ^ # Navigiere zum ersten Zeichen, welchen kein Leerzeichen ist + + # Im Text suchen + + /word # Hebt alle Ergebnisse nach dem Cursor hervor + ?word # Hebt alle Ergebnisse vor dem Cursor hervor + n # Bewegt den Cursor zum nächsten Ergebnis nach der Suche + N # Bewegt den Cursor zum vorherigen Ergebnis der Suche + + :%s/foo/bar/g # Ersetze "foo" durch "bar" in allen Zeilen + :s/foo/bar/g # Ersetze "foo" durch "bar" in der aktuellen Zeile + :%s/\n/\r/g # Replace new line characters with new line characters + + # Jumping to characters + + f<character> # Jump forward and land on <character> + t<character> # Jump forward and land right before <character> + + # For example, + f< # Jump forward and land on < + t< # Jump forward and land right before < + + # Moving by word + + w # Move forward by one word + b # Move back by one word + e # Move to end of current word + + # Other characters for moving around + + gg # Go to the top of the file + G # Go to the bottom of the file + :NUM # Go to line number NUM (NUM is any number) + H # Move to the top of the screen + M # Move to the middle of the screen + L # Move to the bottom of the screen +``` + +## Help docs: + +Vim has built in help documentation that can accessed with `:help <topic>`. +For example `:help navigation` will pull up documentation about how to navigate +your workspace! + +`:help` can also be used without an option. This will bring up a default help dialog +that aims to make getting started with vim more approachable! + +## Modes: + +Vim is based on the concept on **modes**. + +- Command Mode - vim starts up in this mode, used to navigate and write commands +- Insert Mode - used to make changes in your file +- Visual Mode - used to highlight text and do operations to them +- Ex Mode - used to drop down to the bottom with the ':' prompt to enter commands + +``` + i # Puts vim into insert mode, before the cursor position + a # Puts vim into insert mode, after the cursor position + v # Puts vim into visual mode + : # Puts vim into ex mode + <esc> # 'Escapes' from whichever mode you're in, into Command mode + + # Copying and pasting text + + y # Yank whatever is selected + yy # Yank the current line + d # Delete whatever is selected + dd # Delete the current line + p # Paste the copied text after the current cursor position + P # Paste the copied text before the current cursor position + x # Deleting character under current cursor position +``` + +## The 'Grammar' of vim + +Vim can be thought of as a set of commands in a +'Verb-Modifier-Noun' format, where: + +- Verb - your action +- Modifier - how you're doing your action +- Noun - the object on which your action acts on + +A few important examples of 'Verbs', 'Modifiers', and 'Nouns': + +``` + # 'Verbs' + + d # Delete + c # Change + y # Yank (copy) + v # Visually select + + # 'Modifiers' + + i # Inside + a # Around + NUM # Number (NUM is any number) + f # Searches for something and lands on it + t # Searches for something and stops before it + / # Finds a string from cursor onwards + ? # Finds a string before cursor + + # 'Nouns' + + w # Word + s # Sentence + p # Paragraph + b # Block + + # Sample 'sentences' or commands + + d2w # Delete 2 words + cis # Change inside sentence + yip # Yank inside paragraph (copy the para you're in) + ct< # Change to open bracket + # Change the text from where you are to the next open bracket + d$ # Delete till end of line +``` + +## Some shortcuts and tricks + + <!--TODO: Add more!--> +``` + > # Indent selection by one block + < # Dedent selection by one block + :earlier 15m # Reverts the document back to how it was 15 minutes ago + :later 15m # Reverse above command + ddp # Swap position of consecutive lines, dd then p + . # Repeat previous action + :w !sudo tee % # Save the current file as root + :set syntax=c # Set syntax highlighting to 'c' + :sort # Sort all lines + :sort! # Sort all lines in reverse + :sort u # Sort all lines and remove duplicates + ~ # Toggle letter case of selected text + u # Selected text to lower case + U # Selected text to upper case + + # Fold text + zf # Create fold from selected text + zo # Open current fold + zc # Close current fold + zR # Open all folds + zM # Close all folds +``` + +## Macros + +Macros are basically recordable actions. +When you start recording a macro, it records **every** action and command +you use, until you stop recording. On invoking a macro, it applies the exact +same sequence of actions and commands again on the text selection. + +``` + qa # Start recording a macro named 'a' + q # Stop recording + @a # Play back the macro +``` + +### Configuring ~/.vimrc + +The .vimrc file can be used to configure Vim on startup. + +Here's a sample ~/.vimrc file: + +``` +" Example ~/.vimrc +" 2015.10 + +" Required for vim to be iMproved +set nocompatible + +" Determines filetype from name to allow intelligent auto-indenting, etc. +filetype indent plugin on + +" Enable syntax highlighting +syntax on + +" Better command-line completion +set wildmenu + +" Use case insensitive search except when using capital letters +set ignorecase +set smartcase + +" When opening a new line and no file-specific indenting is enabled, +" keep same indent as the line you're currently on +set autoindent + +" Display line numbers on the left +set number + +" Indentation options, change according to personal preference + +" Number of visual spaces per TAB +set tabstop=4 + +" Number of spaces in TAB when editing +set softtabstop=4 + +" Number of spaces indented when reindent operations (>> and <<) are used +set shiftwidth=4 + +" Convert TABs to spaces +set expandtab + +" Enable intelligent tabbing and spacing for indentation and alignment +set smarttab +``` + +### References + +[Vim | Home](http://www.vim.org/index.php) + +`$ vimtutor` + +[A vim Tutorial and Primer](https://danielmiessler.com/study/vim/) + +[What are the dark corners of Vim your mom never told you about? (Stack Overflow thread)](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/726894/what-are-the-dark-corners-of-vim-your-mom-never-told-you-about) + +[Arch Linux Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Vim) |