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diff --git a/fr-fr/typescript-fr.html.markdown b/fr-fr/typescript-fr.html.markdown new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e87bacac --- /dev/null +++ b/fr-fr/typescript-fr.html.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,171 @@ +--- +language: TypeScript +contributors: + - ["Philippe Vlérick", "https://github.com/pvlerick"] +translators: + - ["Alois de Gouvello", "https://github.com/aloisdg"] +filename: learntypescript-fr.ts +lang: fr-fr +--- + +TypeScript est un langage visant à faciliter le developpement d'applications large et scalable écrite en JavaScript. +TypeScript ajoute des concepts classiques comme les classes, les modules, les interfaces, les génériques et le typage statique (optionel) à JavaScript. +C'est une surcouche à JavaScript: tout le code JavaScript est valide en TypeScript ce qui permet de l'ajouter de façon transparente à n'importe quel projet. Le compilateur TypeScript émet du JavaScript. + +Cet article se concentrera seulement sur la syntaxe supplémentaire de TypeScript, plutôt que celle de [JavaScript] (../javascript/). + +Pour tester le compilateur de TypeScript, rendez-vous au [Playground] (http://www.typescriptlang.org/Playground) où vous pourrez coder, profiter d'une autocomplétion et voir directement le rendu JavaScript. + +```js +// Il y a 3 types basiques en in TypeScript +var isDone: boolean = false; +var lines: number = 42; +var name: string = "Anders"; + +// Quand c'est impossible de savoir, il ya le type `Any` +var notSure: any = 4; +notSure = "maybe a string instead"; +notSure = false; // ok, définitvement un booléen + +// Pour les collections, il y a les tableaux typés et les tableaux génériques +var list: number[] = [1, 2, 3]; // Un tableaux typé +var list: Array<number> = [1, 2, 3]; // un tableau générique + +// Pour les énumeration +enum Color {Red, Green, Blue}; +var c: Color = Color.Green; + +// Enfin, `void` est utilisé dans le cas spécifique d'une fonction ne retournant rien +function bigHorribleAlert(): void { + alert("I'm a little annoying box!"); +} + +// Functions are first class citizens, support the lambda "fat arrow" syntax and +// use type inference + +// The following are equivalent, the same signature will be infered by the +// compiler, and same JavaScript will be emitted +var f1 = function(i: number): number { return i * i; } +// Return type inferred +var f2 = function(i: number) { return i * i; } +var f3 = (i: number): number => { return i * i; } +// Return type inferred +var f4 = (i: number) => { return i * i; } +// Return type inferred, one-liner means no return keyword needed +var f5 = (i: number) => i * i; + +// Interfaces are structural, anything that has the properties is compliant with +// the interface +interface Person { + name: string; + // Optional properties, marked with a "?" + age?: number; + // And of course functions + move(): void; +} + +// Object that implements the "Person" interface +// Can be treated as a Person since it has the name and move properties +var p: Person = { name: "Bobby", move: () => {} }; +// Objects that have the optional property: +var validPerson: Person = { name: "Bobby", age: 42, move: () => {} }; +// Is not a person because age is not a number +var invalidPerson: Person = { name: "Bobby", age: true }; + +// Interfaces can also describe a function type +interface SearchFunc { + (source: string, subString: string): boolean; +} +// Only the parameters' types are important, names are not important. +var mySearch: SearchFunc; +mySearch = function(src: string, sub: string) { + return src.search(sub) != -1; +} + +// Classes - members are public by default +class Point { + // Properties + x: number; + + // Constructor - the public/private keywords in this context will generate + // the boiler plate code for the property and the initialization in the + // constructor. + // In this example, "y" will be defined just like "x" is, but with less code + // Default values are also supported + + constructor(x: number, public y: number = 0) { + this.x = x; + } + + // Functions + dist() { return Math.sqrt(this.x * this.x + this.y * this.y); } + + // Static members + static origin = new Point(0, 0); +} + +var p1 = new Point(10 ,20); +var p2 = new Point(25); //y will be 0 + +// Inheritance +class Point3D extends Point { + constructor(x: number, y: number, public z: number = 0) { + super(x, y); // Explicit call to the super class constructor is mandatory + } + + // Overwrite + dist() { + var d = super.dist(); + return Math.sqrt(d * d + this.z * this.z); + } +} + +// Modules, "." can be used as separator for sub modules +module Geometry { + export class Square { + constructor(public sideLength: number = 0) { + } + area() { + return Math.pow(this.sideLength, 2); + } + } +} + +var s1 = new Geometry.Square(5); + +// Local alias for referencing a module +import G = Geometry; + +var s2 = new G.Square(10); + +// Generics +// Classes +class Tuple<T1, T2> { + constructor(public item1: T1, public item2: T2) { + } +} + +// Interfaces +interface Pair<T> { + item1: T; + item2: T; +} + +// And functions +var pairToTuple = function<T>(p: Pair<T>) { + return new Tuple(p.item1, p.item2); +}; + +var tuple = pairToTuple({ item1:"hello", item2:"world"}); + +// Including references to a definition file: +/// <reference path="jquery.d.ts" /> + +``` + +## Lectures complémentaires + * [Site officiel de TypeScript] (http://www.typescriptlang.org/) + * [Spécification du langage TypeScript (pdf)] (http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=267238) + * [Anders Hejlsberg - Introducing TypeScript on Channel 9] (http://channel9.msdn.com/posts/Anders-Hejlsberg-Introducing-TypeScript) + * [Code source sur GitHub] (https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript) + * [Definitely Typed - repository for type definitions] (http://definitelytyped.org/) |