diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'haxe.html.markdown')
| -rw-r--r-- | haxe.html.markdown | 66 |
1 files changed, 39 insertions, 27 deletions
diff --git a/haxe.html.markdown b/haxe.html.markdown index 8599de8d..df2a1e78 100644 --- a/haxe.html.markdown +++ b/haxe.html.markdown @@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ language: haxe filename: LearnHaxe3.hx contributors: - ["Justin Donaldson", "https://github.com/jdonaldson/"] + - ["Dan Korostelev", "https://github.com/nadako/"] --- Haxe is a web-oriented language that provides platform support for C++, C#, @@ -34,16 +35,20 @@ references. /* This is your first actual haxe code coming up, it's declaring an empty package. A package isn't necessary, but it's useful if you want to create a - namespace for your code (e.g. org.module.ClassName). + namespace for your code (e.g. org.yourapp.ClassName). + + Omitting package declaration is the same as declaring an empty package. */ package; // empty package, no namespace. /* - Packages define modules for your code. Each module (e.g. org.module) must - be lower case, and should exist as a folder structure containing the class. - Class (and type) names must be capitalized. E.g, the class "org.module.Foo" - should have the folder structure org/module/Foo.hx, as accessible from the - compiler's working directory or class path. + Packages are directories that contain modules. Each module is a .hx file + that contains types defined in a package. Package names (e.g. org.yourapp) + must be lower case while module names are capitalized. A module contain one + or more types whose names are also capitalized. + + E.g, the class "org.yourapp.Foo" should have the folder structure org/module/Foo.hx, + as accessible from the compiler's working directory or class path. If you import code from other files, it must be declared before the rest of the code. Haxe provides a lot of common default classes to get you started: @@ -53,6 +58,12 @@ import haxe.ds.ArraySort; // you can import many classes/modules at once with "*" import haxe.ds.*; +// you can import static fields +import Lambda.array; + +// you can also use "*" to import all static fields +import Math.*; + /* You can also import classes in a special way, enabling them to extend the functionality of other classes like a "mixin". More on 'using' later. @@ -172,7 +183,8 @@ class LearnHaxe3{ Regexes are also supported, but there's not enough space to go into much detail. */ - trace((~/foobar/.match('foo')) + " is the value for (~/foobar/.match('foo')))"); + var re = ~/foobar/; + trace(re.match('foo') + " is the value for (~/foobar/.match('foo')))"); /* Arrays are zero-indexed, dynamic, and mutable. Missing values are @@ -311,7 +323,7 @@ class LearnHaxe3{ var l = 0; do{ trace("do statement always runs at least once"); - } while (i > 0); + } while (l > 0); // for loop /* @@ -328,7 +340,7 @@ class LearnHaxe3{ // (more on ranges later as well) var n = ['foo', 'bar', 'baz']; for (val in 0...n.length){ - trace(val + " is the value for val (an index for m)"); + trace(val + " is the value for val (an index for n)"); } @@ -363,12 +375,12 @@ class LearnHaxe3{ case "rex" : favorite_thing = "shoe"; case "spot" : favorite_thing = "tennis ball"; default : favorite_thing = "some unknown treat"; - // case _ : "some unknown treat"; // same as default + // case _ : favorite_thing = "some unknown treat"; // same as default } // The "_" case above is a "wildcard" value // that will match anything. - trace("My dog's name is" + my_dog_name + trace("My dog's name is " + my_dog_name + ", and his favorite thing is a: " + favorite_thing); @@ -383,13 +395,9 @@ class LearnHaxe3{ */ // if statements - var k = if (true){ - 10; - } else { - 20; - } + var k = if (true) 10 else 20; - trace("K equals ", k); // outputs 10 + trace("k equals ", k); // outputs 10 var other_favorite_thing = switch(my_dog_name) { case "fido" : "teddy"; @@ -398,7 +406,7 @@ class LearnHaxe3{ default : "some unknown treat"; } - trace("My dog's name is" + my_dog_name + trace("My dog's name is " + my_dog_name + ", and his other favorite thing is a: " + other_favorite_thing); @@ -458,7 +466,7 @@ class LearnHaxe3{ The untyped keyword operates on entire *blocks* of code, skipping any type checks that might be otherwise required. This keyword should be used very sparingly, such as in limited conditionally-compiled - situations where type checking is a hinderance. + situations where type checking is a hindrance. In general, skipping type checks is *not* recommended. Use the enum, inheritance, or structural type models in order to help ensure @@ -487,8 +495,10 @@ class LearnHaxe3{ // foo_instance.public_read = 4; // this will throw an error if uncommented: // trace(foo_instance.public_write); // as will this. - trace(foo_instance + " is the value for foo_instance"); // calls the toString method - trace(foo_instance.toString() + " is the value for foo_instance.toString()"); // same thing + // calls the toString method: + trace(foo_instance + " is the value for foo_instance"); + // same thing: + trace(foo_instance.toString() + " is the value for foo_instance.toString()"); /* @@ -516,8 +526,8 @@ class LearnHaxe3{ */ class FooClass extends BarClass implements BarInterface{ public var public_any:Int; // public variables are accessible anywhere - public var public_read (default,null): Int; // use this style to only enable public read - public var public_write (null, default): Int; // or public write + public var public_read (default, null): Int; // enable only public read + public var public_write (null, default): Int; // or only public write public var property (get, set): Int; // use this style to enable getters/setters // private variables are not available outside the class. @@ -526,9 +536,10 @@ class FooClass extends BarClass implements BarInterface{ // a public constructor public function new(arg:Int){ - super(); // call the constructor of the parent object, since we extended BarClass + // call the constructor of the parent object, since we extended BarClass: + super(); - this.public_any= 0; + this.public_any = 0; this._private = arg; } @@ -628,6 +639,7 @@ enum ComplexEnum{ ComplexEnumEnum(c:ComplexEnum); } // Note: The enum above can include *other* enums as well, including itself! +// Note: This is what's called *Algebraic data type* in some other languages. class ComplexEnumTest{ public static function example(){ @@ -758,8 +770,8 @@ class UsingExample { ``` We're still only scratching the surface here of what Haxe can do. For a formal -overiew of all Haxe features, checkout the [online -manual](http://haxe.org/manual), the [online api](http://api.haxe.org/), and +overview of all Haxe features, checkout the [online +manual](http://haxe.org/manual), the [online API](http://api.haxe.org/), and "haxelib", the [haxe library repo] (http://lib.haxe.org/). For more advanced topics, consider checking out: |