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Diffstat (limited to 'hy.html.markdown')
| -rw-r--r-- | hy.html.markdown | 91 |
1 files changed, 37 insertions, 54 deletions
diff --git a/hy.html.markdown b/hy.html.markdown index fc37d537..11412f09 100644 --- a/hy.html.markdown +++ b/hy.html.markdown @@ -6,59 +6,54 @@ contributors: - ["Zirak", "http://zirak.me"] --- -Hy is a lisp dialect built on top of python. This is achieved by -converting hy code to python's abstract syntax tree (ast). This allows -hy to call native python code or python to call native hy code as well +Hy is a Lisp dialect built on top of Python. This is achieved by +converting Hy code to Python's abstract syntax tree (AST). This allows +Hy to call native Python code or Python to call native Hy code as well -This tutorial works for hy ≥ 0.9.12, with some corrections for hy 0.11. +```hylang +; Semicolon comments, like other Lisps -```clojure -;; this gives an gentle introduction to hy -;; -; Semicolon comments, like other LISPS - -;; s-expression basics -; lisp programs are made of symbolic expressions or sexps which +;; S-expression basics +; Lisp programs are made of symbolic expressions or sexps which ; resemble (some-function args) ; now the quintessential hello world (print "hello world") -;; simple data types -; All simple data types are exactly similar to their python counterparts -; which +;; Simple data types +; All simple data types are the same as their Python counterparts 42 ; => 42 3.14 ; => 3.14 True ; => True 4+10j ; => (4+10j) a complex number -; lets start with some really simple arithmetic +; lets start with some simple arithmetic (+ 4 1) ;=> 5 -; the operator is applied to all arguments, like other lisps +; the operator is applied to all arguments, like other Lisps (+ 4 1 2 3) ;=> 10 (- 2 1) ;=> 1 (* 4 2) ;=> 8 (/ 4 1) ;=> 4 (% 4 2) ;=> 0 the modulo operator -; power is represented by ** operator like python +; power is represented by the ** operator, like Python (** 3 2) ;=> 9 ; nesting forms will do the expected thing (+ 2 (* 4 2)) ;=> 10 -; also logical operators and or not and equal to etc. do as expected +; also logical operators and or not and equal to etc. work as expected (= 5 4) ;=> False (not (= 5 4)) ;=> True -;; variables +;; Variables ; variables are set using setv, variable names can use utf-8 except ; for ()[]{}",'`;#| (setv a 42) (setv π 3.14159) (def *foo* 42) -;; other container data types +;; Other container data types ; strings, lists, tuples & dicts -; these are exactly same as python's container types +; these are exactly same as Python's container types "hello world" ;=> "hello world" -; string operations work similar to python +; string operations work similar to Python (+ "hello " "world") ;=> "hello world" ; lists are created using [], indexing starts at 0 (setv mylist [1 2 3 4]) @@ -66,15 +61,15 @@ True ; => True (setv mytuple (, 1 2)) ; dictionaries are key value pairs (setv dict1 {"key1" 42 "key2" 21}) -; :name can be used to define keywords in hy which can be used for keys +; :name can be used to define keywords in Hy which can be used for keys (setv dict2 {:key1 41 :key2 20}) ; use `get' to get the element at an index/key (get mylist 1) ;=> 2 (get dict1 "key1") ;=> 42 -; Alternatively if keywords were used they can directly be called +; Alternatively if keywords were used they can be called directly (:key1 dict2) ;=> 41 -;; functions and other program constructs +;; Functions and other program constructs ; functions are defined using defn, the last sexp is returned by default (defn greet [name] "A simple greeting" ; an optional docstring @@ -96,7 +91,7 @@ True ; => True (print "And it also has:" props)) (something-fancy "My horse" "amazing" :mane "spectacular") - + ; you use apply instead of the splat operators: (apply something-fancy ["My horse" "amazing"] { "mane" "spectacular" }) @@ -105,21 +100,19 @@ True ; => True (map (fn [x] (* x x)) [1 2 3 4]) ;=> [1 4 9 16] ;; Sequence operations -; hy has some builtin utils for sequence operations etc. +; Hy has some builtin utils for sequence operations etc. ; retrieve the first element using `first' or `car' (setv mylist [1 2 3 4]) (setv mydict {"a" 1 "b" 2}) (first mylist) ;=> 1 -; slice lists using slice -(slice mylist 1 3) ;=> [2 3] -; or, in hy 0.11, use cut instead: +; slice lists using cut (cut mylist 1 3) ;=> [2 3] ; get elements from a list or dict using `get' (get mylist 1) ;=> 2 (get mydict "b") ;=> 2 -; list indexing starts from 0 same as python +; list indexing starts from 0, same as Python ; assoc can set elements at keys/indexes (assoc mylist 2 10) ; makes mylist [1 2 10 4] (assoc mydict "c" 3) ; makes mydict {"a" 1 "b" 2 "c" 3} @@ -127,11 +120,11 @@ True ; => True ; sequences fun ;; Python interop -;; import works just like in python +;; import works just like in Python (import datetime) -(import [functools [partial reduce]]) ; imports fun1 and fun2 from module1 -(import [matplotlib.pyplot :as plt]) ; doing an import foo as bar -; all builtin python methods etc. are accessible from hy +(import functools [partial reduce]) ; imports partial and reduce from functools +(import matplotlib.pyplot :as plt) ; imports foo as bar +; all builtin Python methods etc. are accessible from Hy ; a.foo(arg) is called as (.foo a arg) (.split (.strip "hello world ")) ;=> ["hello" "world"] @@ -166,8 +159,8 @@ True ; => True ; group statements with do, these are executed sequentially ; forms like defn have an implicit do (do - (setv someval 10) - (print "someval is set to " someval)) ;=> 10 + (setv someval 10) + (print "someval is set to " someval)) ;=> 10 ; create lexical bindings with `let', all variables defined thusly ; have local scope @@ -175,34 +168,24 @@ True ; => True "sherlock" "moriarty" "seinfeld" "newman"}] (for [[h v] (.items nemesis)] - (print (.format "{0}'s nemesis was {1}" h v)))) + (print (.format "{0}'s nemesis was {1}" h v)))) -;; classes +;; Classes ; classes are defined in the following way (defclass Wizard [object] - [[--init-- (fn [self spell] - (setv self.spell spell) ; init the spell attr - None)] - [get-spell (fn [self] - self.spell)]]) - -; or, in hy 0.11: -(defclass Wizard [object] - (defn --init-- [self spell] + (defn __init__ [self spell] (setv self.spell spell)) (defn get-spell [self] self.spell)) - -;; do checkout hylang.org ``` ### Further Reading -This tutorial is just a very basic introduction to hy/lisp/python. +This tutorial is just a basic introduction to Hy/Lisp/Python. -Hy docs are here: [http://hy.readthedocs.org](http://hy.readthedocs.org) +Hy docs are here: [https://hylang.org/hy/doc](https://hylang.org/hy/doc) -Hy's GitHub repo: [http://github.com/hylang/hy](http://github.com/hylang/hy) +Hy's GitHub repo: [https://github.com/hylang/hy](https://github.com/hylang/hy) -On freenode irc #hy, twitter hashtag #hylang +On freenode IRC `#hy`, twitter hashtag #hylang |