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diff --git a/latex.html.markdown b/latex.html.markdown new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a3866892 --- /dev/null +++ b/latex.html.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,282 @@ +--- +language: latex +contributors: + - ["Chaitanya Krishna Ande", "http://icymist.github.io"] + - ["Colton Kohnke", "http://github.com/voltnor"] + - ["Sricharan Chiruvolu", "http://sricharan.xyz"] + - ["Ramanan Balakrishnan", "https://github.com/ramananbalakrishnan"] + - ["Svetlana Golubeva", "https://attillax.github.io/"] +filename: learn-latex.tex +--- + +```tex +% All comment lines start with % +% There are no multi-line comments + +% LaTeX is NOT a "What You See Is What You Get" word processing software like +% MS Word, or OpenOffice Writer + +% Every LaTeX command starts with a backslash (\) + +% LaTeX documents start with a defining the type of document it's compiling +% Other document types include book, report, presentations, etc. +% The options for the document appear in the [] brackets. In this case +% it specifies we want to use 12pt font. +\documentclass[12pt]{article} + +% Next we define the packages the document uses. +% If you want to include graphics, colored text, or +% source code from another language file into your document, +% you need to enhance the capabilities of LaTeX. This is done by adding packages. +% I'm going to include the float and caption packages for figures +% and hyperref package for hyperlinks +\usepackage{caption} +\usepackage{float} +\usepackage{hyperref} + +% We can define some other document properties too! +\author{Chaitanya Krishna Ande, Colton Kohnke, Sricharan Chiruvolu \& \\ +Svetlana Golubeva} +\date{\today} +\title{Learn \LaTeX \hspace{1pt} in Y Minutes!} + +% Now we're ready to begin the document +% Everything before this line is called "The Preamble" +\begin{document} +% if we set the author, date, title fields, we can have LaTeX +% create a title page for us. +\maketitle + +% If we have sections, we can create table of contents. We have to compile our +% document twice to make it appear in right order. +% It is a good practice to separate the table of contents form the body of the +% document. To do so we use \newpage command +\newpage +\tableofcontents + +\newpage + +% Most research papers have abstract, you can use the predefined commands for this. +% This should appear in its logical order, therefore, after the top matter, +% but before the main sections of the body. +% This command is available in the document classes article and report. +\begin{abstract} + \LaTeX \hspace{1pt} documentation written as \LaTeX! How novel and totally not + my idea! +\end{abstract} + +% Section commands are intuitive. +% All the titles of the sections are added automatically to the table of contents. +\section{Introduction} +Hello, my name is Colton and together we're going to explore \LaTeX! + +\section{Another section} +This is the text for another section. I think it needs a subsection. + +\subsection{This is a subsection} % Subsections are also intuitive. +I think we need another one + +\subsubsection{Pythagoras} +Much better now. +\label{subsec:pythagoras} + +% By using the asterisk we can suppress LaTeX's inbuilt numbering. +% This works for other LaTeX commands as well. +\section*{This is an unnumbered section} +However not all sections have to be numbered! + +\section{Some Text notes} +%\section{Spacing} % Need to add more information about space intervals +\LaTeX \hspace{1pt} is generally pretty good about placing text where it should +go. If +a line \\ needs \\ to \\ break \\ you add \textbackslash\textbackslash +\hspace{1pt} to the source code. \\ + +\section{Lists} +Lists are one of the easiest things to create in \LaTeX! I need to go shopping +tomorrow, so let's make a grocery list. +\begin{enumerate} % This creates an "enumerate" environment. + % \item tells the enumerate to increment + \item Salad. + \item 27 watermelon. + \item A single jackrabbit. + % we can even override the item number by using [] + \item[how many?] Medium sized squirt guns. + + Not a list item, but still part of the enumerate. + +\end{enumerate} % All environments must have an end. + +\section{Math} + +One of the primary uses for \LaTeX \hspace{1pt} is to produce academic articles +or technical papers. Usually in the realm of math and science. As such, +we need to be able to add special symbols to our paper! \\ + +Math has many symbols, far beyond what you can find on a keyboard; +Set and relation symbols, arrows, operators, and Greek letters to name a few.\\ + +Sets and relations play a vital role in many mathematical research papers. +Here's how you state all x that belong to X, $\forall$ x $\in$ X. \\ +% Notice how I needed to add $ signs before and after the symbols. This is +% because when writing, we are in text-mode. +% However, the math symbols only exist in math-mode. +% We can enter math-mode from text mode with the $ signs. +% The opposite also holds true. Variable can also be rendered in math-mode. +% We can also enter math mode with \[\] + +\[a^2 + b^2 = c^2 \] + +My favorite Greek letter is $\xi$. I also like $\beta$, $\gamma$ and $\sigma$. +I haven't found a Greek letter yet that \LaTeX \hspace{1pt} doesn't know +about! \\ + +Operators are essential parts of a mathematical document: +trigonometric functions ($\sin$, $\cos$, $\tan$), +logarithms and exponentials ($\log$, $\exp$), +limits ($\lim$), etc. +have per-defined LaTeX commands. +Let's write an equation to see how it's done: +$\cos(2\theta) = \cos^{2}(\theta) - \sin^{2}(\theta)$ \\ + +Fractions (Numerator-denominators) can be written in these forms: + +% 10 / 7 +$$ ^{10}/_{7} $$ + +% Relatively complex fractions can be written as +% \frac{numerator}{denominator} +$$ \frac{n!}{k!(n - k)!} $$ \\ + +We can also insert equations in an ``equation environment''. + +% Display math with the equation 'environment' +\begin{equation} % enters math-mode + c^2 = a^2 + b^2. + \label{eq:pythagoras} % for referencing +\end{equation} % all \begin statements must have an end statement + +We can then reference our new equation! +Eqn.~\ref{eq:pythagoras} is also known as the Pythagoras Theorem which is also +the subject of Sec.~\ref{subsec:pythagoras}. A lot of things can be labeled: +figures, equations, sections, etc. + +Summations and Integrals are written with sum and int commands: + +% Some LaTeX compilers will complain if there are blank lines +% In an equation environment. +\begin{equation} + \sum_{i=0}^{5} f_{i} +\end{equation} +\begin{equation} + \int_{0}^{\infty} \mathrm{e}^{-x} \mathrm{d}x +\end{equation} + +\section{Figures} + +Let's insert a Figure. Figure placement can get a little tricky. +I definitely have to lookup the placement options each time. + +\begin{figure}[H] % H here denoted the placement option. + \centering % centers the figure on the page + % Inserts a figure scaled to 0.8 the width of the page. + %\includegraphics[width=0.8\linewidth]{right-triangle.png} + % Commented out for compilation purposes. Please use your imagination. + \caption{Right triangle with sides $a$, $b$, $c$} + \label{fig:right-triangle} +\end{figure} + +\subsection{Table} +We can also insert Tables in the same way as figures. + +\begin{table}[H] + \caption{Caption for the Table.} + % the {} arguments below describe how each row of the table is drawn. + % Again, I have to look these up. Each. And. Every. Time. + \begin{tabular}{c|cc} + Number & Last Name & First Name \\ % Column rows are separated by & + \hline % a horizontal line + 1 & Biggus & Dickus \\ + 2 & Monty & Python + \end{tabular} +\end{table} + +\section{Getting \LaTeX \hspace{1pt} to not compile something (i.e. Source Code)} +Let's say we want to include some code into our \LaTeX \hspace{1pt} document, +we would then need \LaTeX \hspace{1pt} to not try and interpret that text and +instead just print it to the document. We do this with a verbatim +environment. + +% There are other packages that exist (i.e. minty, lstlisting, etc.) +% but verbatim is the bare-bones basic one. +\begin{verbatim} + print("Hello World!") + a%b; % look! We can use % signs in verbatim. + random = 4; #decided by fair random dice roll +\end{verbatim} + +\section{Compiling} + +By now you're probably wondering how to compile this fabulous document +and look at the glorious glory that is a \LaTeX \hspace{1pt} pdf. +(yes, this document actually does compile). \\ +Getting to the final document using \LaTeX \hspace{1pt} consists of the following +steps: + \begin{enumerate} + \item Write the document in plain text (the ``source code''). + \item Compile source code to produce a pdf. + The compilation step looks like this (in Linux): \\ + \begin{verbatim} + > pdflatex learn-latex.tex + \end{verbatim} + \end{enumerate} + +A number of \LaTeX \hspace{1pt}editors combine both Step 1 and Step 2 in the +same piece of software. So, you get to see Step 1, but not Step 2 completely. +Step 2 is still happening behind the scenes\footnote{In cases, where you use +references (like Eqn.~\ref{eq:pythagoras}), you may need to run Step 2 +multiple times, to generate an intermediary *.aux file.}. +% Also, this is how you add footnotes to your document! + +You write all your formatting information in plain text in Step 1. +The compilation part in Step 2 takes care of producing the document in the +format you defined in Step 1. + +\section{Hyperlinks} +We can also insert hyperlinks in our document. To do so we need to include the +package hyperref into preamble with the command: +\begin{verbatim} + \usepackage{hyperref} +\end{verbatim} + +There exists two main types of links: visible URL \\ +\url{https://learnxinyminutes.com/docs/latex/}, or +\href{https://learnxinyminutes.com/docs/latex/}{shadowed by text} +% You can not add extra-spaces or special symbols into shadowing text since it +% will cause mistakes during the compilation + +This package also produces list of tumbnails in the output pdf document and +active links in the table of contents. + +\section{End} + +That's all for now! + +% Most often, you would want to have a references section in your document. +% The easiest way to set this up would be by using the bibliography section +\begin{thebibliography}{1} + % similar to other lists, the \bibitem command can be used to list items + % each entry can then be cited directly in the body of the text + \bibitem{latexwiki} The amazing \LaTeX \hspace{1pt} wikibook: {\em +https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX} + \bibitem{latextutorial} An actual tutorial: {\em http://www.latex-tutorial.com} +\end{thebibliography} + +% end the document +\end{document} +``` + +## More on LaTeX + +* The amazing LaTeX wikibook: [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX](https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX) +* An actual tutorial: [http://www.latex-tutorial.com/](http://www.latex-tutorial.com/) |