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diff --git a/montilang.html.markdown b/montilang.html.markdown new file mode 100644 index 00000000..cceb7aa1 --- /dev/null +++ b/montilang.html.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,233 @@ +--- +language: "montilang" +filename: montilang.ml +contributors: + - ["Leo Whitehead", "https://github.com/lduck11007"] +--- + +MontiLang is a Stack-Oriented concatenative imperative programming language. Its syntax +is roughly based off of forth with similar style for doing arithmetic in [reverse polish notation.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_Polish_notation) + +A good way to start with MontiLang is to read the documentation and examples at [montilang.ml](http://montilang.ml), +then download MontiLang or build from source code with the instructions provided. + +``` +/# Monti Reference sheet #/ +/# +Comments are multiline +Nested comments are not supported +#/ +/# Whitespace is all arbitrary, indentation is optional #/ +/# All programming in Monti is done by manipulating the parameter stack +arithmetic and stack operations in MontiLang are similar to FORTH +https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forth_(programming_language) +#/ + +/# in Monti, everything is either a string or a number. Operations treat all numbers +similarly to floats, but anything without a remainder is treated as type int #/ + +/# numbers and strings are added to the stack from left to right #/ + +/# Arithmetic works by manipulating data on the stack #/ + +5 3 + PRINT . /# 8 #/ + +/# 5 and 3 are pushed onto the stack + '+' replaces top 2 items on stack with sum of top 2 items + 'PRINT' prints out the top item on the stack + '.' pops the top item from the stack. + #/ + +6 7 * PRINT . /# 42 #/ +1360 23 - PRINT . /# 1337 #/ +12 12 / PRINT . /# 1 #/ +13 2 % PRINT . /# 1 #/ + +37 NEG PRINT . /# -37 #/ +-12 ABS PRINT . /# 12 #/ +52 23 MAX PRINT . /# 52 #/ +52 23 MIN PRINT . /# 23 #/ + +/# 'PSTACK' command prints the entire stack, 'CLEAR' clears the entire stack #/ + +3 6 8 PSTACK CLEAR /# [3, 6, 8] #/ + +/# Monti comes with some tools for stack manipulation #/ + +2 DUP PSTACK CLEAR /# [2, 2] - Duplicate the top item on the stack#/ +2 6 SWAP PSTACK CLEAR /# [6, 2] - Swap top 2 items on stack #/ +1 2 3 ROT PSTACK CLEAR /# [2, 3, 1] - Rotate top 3 items on stack #/ +2 3 NIP PSTACK CLEAR /# [3] - delete second item from the top of the stack #/ +4 5 6 TRIM PSTACK CLEAR /# [5, 6] - Deletes first item on stack #/ +/# variables are assigned with the syntax 'VAR [name]'#/ +/# When assigned, the variable will take the value of the top item of the stack #/ + +6 VAR six . /# assigns var 'six' to be equal to 6 #/ +3 6 + VAR a . /# assigns var 'a' to be equal to 9 #/ + +/# the length of the stack can be calculated with the statement 'STKLEN' #/ +1 2 3 4 STKLEN PRINT CLEAR /# 4 #/ + +/# strings are defined with | | #/ + +|Hello World!| VAR world . /# sets variable 'world' equal to string 'Hello world! #/ + +/# variables can be called by typing its name. when called, the value of the variable is pushed +to the top of the stack #/ +world PRINT . + +/# with the OUT statement, the top item on the stack can be printed without a newline #/ + +|world!| |Hello, | OUT SWAP PRINT CLEAR + +/# Data types can be converted between strings and integers with the commands 'TOINT' and 'TOSTR'#/ +|5| TOINT PSTACK . /# [5] #/ +45 TOSTR PSTACK . /# ['45'] #/ + +/# User input is taken with INPUT and pushed to the stack. If the top item of the stack is a string, +the string is used as an input prompt #/ + +|What is your name? | INPUT NIP +|Hello, | OUT SWAP PRINT CLEAR + + +/# FOR loops have the syntax 'FOR [condition] [commands] ENDFOR' At the moment, [condition] can +only have the value of an integer. Either by using an integer, or a variable call to an integer. +[commands] will be interpereted the amount of time specified in [condition] #/ +/# E.G: this prints out 1 to 10 #/ + +1 VAR a . +FOR 10 + a PRINT 1 + VAR a +ENDFOR + +/# the syntax for while loops are similar. A number is evaluated as true if it is larger than +0. a string is true if its length > 0. Infinite loops can be used by using literals. +#/ +10 var loop . +WHILE loop + loop print + 1 - var loop +ENDWHILE +/# +this loop would count down from 10. + +IF statements are pretty much the same, but only are executed once. +#/ +IF loop + loop PRINT . +ENDIF + +/# This would only print 'loop' if it is larger than 0 #/ + +/# If you would want to use the top item on the stack as loop parameters, this can be done with the ':' character #/ + +/# eg, if you wanted to print 'hello' 7 times, instead of using #/ + +FOR 7 + |hello| PRINT . +ENDFOR + +/# this could be used #/ +7 +FOR : + |hello| PRINT . +ENDFOR + +/# Equality and inequality statements use the top 2 items on the stack as parameters, and replace the top two items with the output #/ +/# If it is true, the top 2 items are replaced with '1'. If false, with '0'. #/ + +7 3 > PRINT . /# 1 #/ +2 10 > PRINT . /# 0 #/ +5 9 <= PRINT . /# 1 #/ +5 5 == PRINT . /# 1 #/ +5 7 == PRINT . /# 0 #/ +3 8 != PRINT . /# 1 #/ + +/# User defined commands have the syntax of 'DEF [name] [commands] ENDDEF'. #/ +/# eg, if you wanted to define a function with the name of 'printseven' to print '7' 10 times, this could be used #/ + +DEF printseven + FOR 10 + 7 PRINT . + ENDFOR +ENDDEF + +/# to run the defined statement, simply type it and it will be run by the interpereter #/ + +printseven + +/# Montilang supports AND, OR and NOT statements #/ + +1 0 AND PRINT . /# 0 #/ +1 1 AND PRINT . /# 1 #/ +1 0 OR PRINT . /# 1 #/ +0 0 OR PRINT . /# 0 #/ +1 NOT PRINT . /# 0 #/ +0 NOT PRINT . /# 1 #/ + +/# Preprocessor statements are made inbetween '&' characters #/ +/# currently, preprocessor statements can be used to make c++-style constants #/ + +&DEFINE LOOPSTR 20& +/# must have & on either side with no spaces, 'DEFINE' is case sensative. #/ +/# All statements are scanned and replaced before the program is run, regardless of where the statements are placed #/ + +FOR LOOPSTR 7 PRINT . ENDFOR /# Prints '7' 20 times. At run, 'LOOPSTR' in source code is replaced with '20' #/ + +/# Multiple files can be used with the &INCLUDE <filename>& Command that operates similar to c++, where the file specified is tokenized, + and the &INCLUDE statement is replaced with the file #/ + +/# E.G, you can have a program be run through several files. If you had the file 'name.mt' with the following data: + +[name.mt] +|Hello, | OUT . name PRINT . + +a program that asks for your name and then prints it out can be defined as such: #/ + +|What is your name? | INPUT VAR name . &INCLUDE name.mt& + +/# ARRAYS: #/ + +/# arrays are defined with the statement 'ARR' +When called, everything currently in the stack is put into one +array and all items on the stack are replaced with the new array. #/ + +2 3 4 ARR PSTACK . /# [[2, 3, 4]] #/ + +/# the statement 'LEN' adds the length of the last item on the stack to the stack. +This can be used on arrays, as well as strings. #/ + +3 4 5 ARR LEN PRINT . /# 3 #/ + +/# values can be appended to an array with the statement 'APPEND' #/ + +1 2 3 ARR 5 APPEND . PRINT . /# [1, 2, 3, 5] #/ + +/# an array at the top of the stack can be wiped with the statement 'WIPE' #/ +3 4 5 ARR WIPE PRINT . /# [] #/ + +/# The last item of an array can be removed with the statement 'DROP' #/ + +3 4 5 ARR DROP PRINT . /# [3, 4] +/# arrays, like other datatypes can be stored in variables #/ +5 6 7 ARR VAR list . +list PRINT . /# [5, 6, 7] #/ + +/# Values at specific indexes can be changed with the statement 'INSERT <index>' #/ +4 5 6 ARR +97 INSERT 1 . PRINT /# 4, 97, 6 #/ + +/# Values at specific indexes can be deleted with the statement 'DEL <index>' #/ +1 2 3 ARR +DEL 1 PRINT . /# [1, 3] #/ + +/# items at certain indexes of an array can be gotten with the statement 'GET <index>' #/ + +1 2 3 ARR GET 2 PSTACK /# [[1, 2, 3], 3] #/ +``` + +## Extra information + +- [MontiLang.ml](http://montilang.ml/) +- [Github Page](https://github.com/lduck11007/MontiLang) |