1 files changed, 118 insertions, 15 deletions

diff --git a/php.html.markdown b/php.html.markdown
index 13cc83eb..6c2b38c8 100644
--- a/php.html.markdown
+++ b/php.html.markdown
@@ -53,6 +53,8 @@ $int1 = 12;   // => 12
 $int2 = -12;  // => -12
 $int3 = 012;  // => 10 (a leading 0 denotes an octal number)
 $int4 = 0x0F; // => 15 (a leading 0x denotes a hex literal)
+// Binary integer literals are available since PHP 5.4.0.
+$int5 = 0b11111111; // 255 (a leading 0b denotes a binary number)
 
 // Floats (aka doubles)
 $float = 1.234;
@@ -104,7 +106,8 @@ END;
 echo 'This string ' . 'is concatenated';
 
 // Strings can be passed in as parameters to echo
-echo 'Multiple', 'Parameters', 'Valid';
+echo 'Multiple', 'Parameters', 'Valid';  // Returns 'MultipleParametersValid'
+
 
 /********************************
  * Constants
@@ -115,10 +118,12 @@ echo 'Multiple', 'Parameters', 'Valid';
 
 // a valid constant name starts with a letter or underscore,
 // followed by any number of letters, numbers, or underscores.
-define("FOO",     "something");
+define("FOO", "something");
+
+// access to a constant is possible by calling the choosen name without a $
+echo FOO; // Returns 'something'
+echo 'This outputs ' . FOO;  // Returns 'This ouputs something'
 
-// access to a constant is possible by direct using the choosen name
-echo 'This outputs '.FOO;
 
 
 /********************************
@@ -137,6 +142,9 @@ $associative = ['One' => 1, 'Two' => 2, 'Three' => 3];
 
 echo $associative['One']; // prints 1
 
+// Add an element to an associative array
+$associative['Four'] = 4;
+
 // List literals implicitly assign integer keys
 $array = ['One', 'Two', 'Three'];
 echo $array[0]; // => "One"
@@ -159,9 +167,9 @@ echo('Hello World!');
 
 print('Hello World!'); // The same as echo
 
-// echo is actually a language construct, so you can drop the parentheses.
+// echo and print are language constructs too, so you can drop the parentheses
 echo 'Hello World!';
-print 'Hello World!'; // So is print
+print 'Hello World!';
 
 $paragraph = 'paragraph';
 
@@ -219,7 +227,11 @@ assert($a !== $d);
 assert(1 === '1');
 assert(1 !== '1');
 
-// spaceship operator since PHP 7
+// 'Spaceship' operator (since PHP 7)
+// Returns 0 if values on either side are equal
+// Returns 1 if value on the left is greater
+// Returns -1 if the value on the right is greater
+
 $a = 100;
 $b = 1000;
 
@@ -445,6 +457,16 @@ function parameters() {
 
 parameters('Hello', 'World'); // Hello | 0 - Hello | 1 - World |
 
+// Since PHP 5.6 you can get a variable number of arguments
+function variable($word, ...$list) {
+	echo $word . " || ";
+	foreach ($list as $item) {
+		echo $item . ' | ';
+	}
+}
+
+variable("Separate", "Hello", "World") // Separate || Hello | World | 
+
 /********************************
  * Includes
  */
@@ -517,10 +539,23 @@ class MyClass
         print 'MyClass';
     }
 
-    //final keyword would make a function unoverridable
+    // final keyword would make a function unoverridable
     final function youCannotOverrideMe()
     {
     }
+    
+    // Magic Methods
+    
+    // what to do if Object is treated as a String
+    public function __toString() {
+        return $property;
+    }
+    
+    // opposite to __construct()
+    // called when object is no longer referenced
+    public function __destruct() {
+        print "Destroying";
+    }
 
 /*
  * Declaring class properties or methods as static makes them accessible without
@@ -712,6 +747,74 @@ use My\Namespace as SomeOtherNamespace;
 
 $cls = new SomeOtherNamespace\MyClass();
 
+
+/**********************
+* Late Static Binding
+*
+*/
+
+class ParentClass {
+    public static function who() {
+        echo "I'm a " . __CLASS__ . "\n";
+    }
+    public static function test() {
+        // self references the class the method is defined within
+        self::who();
+        // static references the class the method was invoked on
+        static::who();
+    }
+}
+
+ParentClass::test();
+/*
+I'm a ParentClass
+I'm a ParentClass
+*/
+
+class ChildClass extends ParentClass {
+    public static function who() {
+        echo "But I'm " . __CLASS__ . "\n";
+    }
+}
+
+ChildClass::test();
+/*
+I'm a ParentClass
+But I'm ChildClass
+*/
+
+/**********************
+*  Magic constants
+*  
+*/
+
+// Get current class name. Must be used inside a class declaration.
+echo "Current class name is " . __CLASS__;
+
+// Get full path directory of a file
+echo "Current directory is " . __DIR__;
+
+    // Typical usage
+    require __DIR__ . '/vendor/autoload.php';
+
+// Get full path of a file
+echo "Current file path is " . __FILE__;
+
+// Get current function name
+echo "Current function name is " . __FUNCTION__;
+
+// Get current line number
+echo "Current line number is " . __LINE__;
+
+// Get the name of the current method. Only returns a value when used inside a trait or object declaration.
+echo "Current method is " . __METHOD__;
+
+// Get the name of the current namespace
+echo "Current namespace is " . __NAMESPACE__;
+
+// Get the name of the current trait. Only returns a value when used inside a trait or object declaration.
+echo "Current namespace is " . __TRAIT__;
+
 /**********************
 *  Error Handling
 *  
@@ -721,15 +824,15 @@ $cls = new SomeOtherNamespace\MyClass();
 
 try {
     // Do something
-} catch ( Exception $e) {
+} catch (Exception $e) {
     // Handle exception
 }
 
 // When using try catch blocks in a namespaced enviroment use the following
 
-try { 
+try {
     // Do something
-} catch (\Exception $e) { 
+} catch (\Exception $e) {
     // Handle exception
 }
 
@@ -738,13 +841,13 @@ try {
 class MyException extends Exception {}
 
 try {
-    
-    $condition = true; 
-    
+
+    $condition = true;
+
     if ($condition) {
         throw new MyException('Something just happend');
     }
-    
+
 } catch (MyException $e) {
     // Handle my exception
 }