diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'purescript.html.markdown')
| -rw-r--r-- | purescript.html.markdown | 117 | 
1 files changed, 58 insertions, 59 deletions
| diff --git a/purescript.html.markdown b/purescript.html.markdown index 6b74ac64..c848c2a4 100644 --- a/purescript.html.markdown +++ b/purescript.html.markdown @@ -6,19 +6,20 @@ contributors:      - ["Thimoteus", "https://github.com/Thimoteus"]  --- -PureScript is a small strongly, statically typed language compiling to Javascript. +PureScript is a small strongly, statically typed language compiling to JavaScript. -* Learn more at [http://www.purescript.org/](http://www.purescript.org/) -* Documentation: [http://pursuit.purescript.org/](http://pursuit.purescript.org/) -* Book: Purescript by Example, [https://leanpub.com/purescript/](https://leanpub.com/purescript/) +* Learn more at [https://www.purescript.org/](https://www.purescript.org/) +* Documentation: [https://pursuit.purescript.org/](https://pursuit.purescript.org/) +* Book: Purescript by Example, [https://book.purescript.org/](https://book.purescript.org/) -All the noncommented lines of code can be run in the PSCI REPL, though some will -require the `--multi-line-mode` flag. +All the noncommented lines of code can be run in the PSCi REPL, though some +will require "paste" mode (`:paste` followed by multiple lines, terminated by +^D).  ```haskell  -- --- 1. Primitive datatypes that corresponds to their Javascript +-- 1. Primitive datatypes that corresponds to their JavaScript  -- equivalents at runtime.  import Prelude @@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ import Prelude  3.0 % 2.0 -- 1.0  4.0 % 2.0 -- 0.0  -- Inspect the type of an expression in psci -:t 9.5/2.5 + 4.4 -- Prim.Number +:t 9.5/2.5 + 4.4 -- Number  -- Booleans  true :: Boolean -- true @@ -59,7 +60,7 @@ true && (9 >= 19 || 1 < 2) -- true  -- Strings  "Hellow" :: String -- "Hellow" --- Multiline string without newlines, to run in psci use the --multi-line-mode flag +-- Multiline string without newlines, to run in PSCi use "paste" mode.  "Hellow\  \orld" -- "Helloworld"  -- Multiline string with newlines @@ -69,26 +70,26 @@ world""" -- "Hello\nworld"  "such " <> "amaze" -- "such amaze"  -- --- 2. Arrays are Javascript arrays, but must be homogeneous +-- 2. Arrays are JavaScript arrays, but must be homogeneous  [1,1,2,3,5,8] :: Array Int -- [1,1,2,3,5,8]  [1.2,2.0,3.14] :: Array Number -- [1.2,2.0,3.14]  [true, true, false] :: Array Boolean -- [true,true,false]  -- [1,2, true, "false"] won't work --- `Cannot unify Prim.Int with Prim.Boolean` +-- `Cannot unify Int with Boolean` + +-- Requires purescript-arrays (Data.Array)  -- Cons (prepend)  1 : [2,4,3] -- [1,2,4,3] --- Requires purescript-arrays (Data.Array)  -- and purescript-maybe (Data.Maybe) -  -- Safe access return Maybe a -head [1,2,3] -- Just (1) -tail [3,2,1] -- Just ([2,1]) -init [1,2,3] -- Just ([1,2]) -last [3,2,1] -- Just (1) +head [1,2,3] -- (Just 1) +tail [3,2,1] -- (Just [2,1]) +init [1,2,3] -- (Just [1,2]) +last [3,2,1] -- (Just 1)  -- Array access - indexing -[3,4,5,6,7] !! 2 -- Just (5) +[3,4,5,6,7] !! 2 -- (Just 5)  -- Range  1..5 -- [1,2,3,4,5]  length [2,2,2] -- 3 @@ -97,31 +98,30 @@ take 3 [5,4,3,2,1] -- [5,4,3]  append [1,2,3] [4,5,6] -- [1,2,3,4,5,6]  -- --- 3. Records are Javascript objects, with zero or more fields, which +-- 3. Records are JavaScript objects, with zero or more fields, which  -- can have different types. --- In psci you have to write `let` in front of the function to get a --- top level binding. -let book = {title: "Foucault's pendulum", author: "Umberto Eco"} +book = {title: "Foucault's pendulum", author: "Umberto Eco"}  -- Access properties  book.title -- "Foucault's pendulum" -let getTitle b = b.title +getTitle b = b.title  -- Works on all records with a title (but doesn't require any other field)  getTitle book -- "Foucault's pendulum"  getTitle {title: "Weekend in Monaco", artist: "The Rippingtons"} -- "Weekend in Monaco"  -- Can use underscores as shorthand  _.title book -- "Foucault's pendulum"  -- Update a record -let changeTitle b t = b {title = t} +changeTitle b t = b {title = t}  getTitle (changeTitle book "Ill nome della rosa") -- "Ill nome della rosa"  --  -- 4. Functions --- In psci's multiline mode -let sumOfSquares :: Int -> Int -> Int -    sumOfSquares x y = x*x + y*y +-- In PSCi's paste mode +sumOfSquares :: Int -> Int -> Int +sumOfSquares x y = x*x + y*y  sumOfSquares 3 4 -- 25 -let myMod x y = x % y + +myMod x y = x % y  myMod 3.0 2.0 -- 1.0  -- Infix application of function  3 `mod` 2 -- 1 @@ -131,48 +131,47 @@ myMod 3.0 2.0 -- 1.0  sumOfSquares 3 4 * sumOfSquares 4 5 -- 1025  -- Conditional -let abs' n = if n>=0 then n else -n +abs' n = if n>=0 then n else -n  abs' (-3) -- 3  -- Guarded equations -let abs'' n | n >= 0    = n -            | otherwise = -n +-- In PSCi's paste mode +abs'' n | n >= 0    = n +        | otherwise = -n  -- Pattern matching  -- Note the type signature, input is a list of numbers. The pattern matching  -- destructures and binds the list into parts. --- Requires purescript-lists (Data.List) -let first :: forall a. List a -> a -    first (Cons x _) = x -first (toList [3,4,5]) -- 3 -let second :: forall a. List a -> a -    second (Cons _ (Cons y _)) = y -second (toList [3,4,5]) -- 4 -let sumTwo :: List Int -> List Int -    sumTwo (Cons x (Cons y rest)) = x + y : rest -fromList (sumTwo (toList [2,3,4,5,6])) :: Array Int -- [5,4,5,6] - --- sumTwo doesn't handle when the list is empty or there's only one element in --- which case you get an error. -sumTwo [1] -- Failed pattern match +-- Requires purescript-lists (Data.List) and purescript-maybe (Data.Maybe) +first :: forall a. List a -> Maybe a +first (x : _) = Just x +first Nil = Nothing +first (fromFoldable [3,4,5]) -- (Just 3) + +second :: forall a. List a -> Maybe a +second Nil = Nothing +second (_ : Nil) = Nothing +second (_ : (y : _)) = Just y +second (fromFoldable [3,4,5]) -- (Just 4)  -- Complementing patterns to match  -- Good ol' Fibonacci -let fib 1 = 1 -    fib 2 = 2 -    fib x = fib (x-1) + fib (x-2) +fib 1 = 1 +fib 2 = 2 +fib x = fib (x-1) + fib (x-2)  fib 10 -- 89  -- Use underscore to match any, where you don't care about the binding name -let isZero 0 = true -    isZero _ = false +isZero 0 = true +isZero _ = false +isZero 9 -- false  -- Pattern matching on records -let ecoTitle {author = "Umberto Eco", title = t} = Just t -    ecoTitle _ = Nothing +ecoTitle {author: "Umberto Eco", title: t} = Just t +ecoTitle _ = Nothing -ecoTitle book -- Just ("Foucault's pendulum") +ecoTitle {title: "Foucault's pendulum", author: "Umberto Eco"} -- (Just "Foucault's pendulum")  ecoTitle {title: "The Quantum Thief", author: "Hannu Rajaniemi"} -- Nothing  -- ecoTitle requires both field to type check:  ecoTitle {title: "The Quantum Thief"} -- Object lacks required property "author" @@ -180,13 +179,13 @@ ecoTitle {title: "The Quantum Thief"} -- Object lacks required property "author"  -- Lambda expressions  (\x -> x*x) 3 -- 9  (\x y -> x*x + y*y) 4 5 -- 41 -let sqr = \x -> x*x +sqr = \x -> x*x  -- Currying -let myAdd x y = x + y -- is equivalent with -let myAdd' = \x -> \y -> x + y -let add3 = myAdd 3 -:t add3 -- Prim.Int -> Prim.Int +myAdd x y = x + y -- is equivalent with +myAdd' = \x -> \y -> x + y +add3 = myAdd 3 +:t add3 -- Int -> Int  -- Forward and backward function composition  -- drop 3 followed by taking 5 @@ -195,7 +194,7 @@ let add3 = myAdd 3  (drop 3 <<< take 5) (1..20) -- [4,5]  -- Operations using higher order functions -let even x = x `mod` 2 == 0 +even x = x `mod` 2 == 0  filter even (1..10) -- [2,4,6,8,10]  map (\x -> x + 11) (1..5) -- [12,13,14,15,16] | 
