diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'python3.html.markdown')
| -rw-r--r-- | python3.html.markdown | 73 |
1 files changed, 68 insertions, 5 deletions
diff --git a/python3.html.markdown b/python3.html.markdown index f3f4dd37..2398e7ac 100644 --- a/python3.html.markdown +++ b/python3.html.markdown @@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ contributors: - ["Steven Basart", "http://github.com/xksteven"] - ["Andre Polykanine", "https://github.com/Oire"] - ["Zachary Ferguson", "http://github.com/zfergus2"] + - ["evuez", "http://github.com/evuez"] filename: learnpython3.py --- @@ -160,6 +161,10 @@ print("I'm Python. Nice to meet you!") # => I'm Python. Nice to meet you! # Use the optional argument end to change the end character. print("Hello, World", end="!") # => Hello, World! +# Simple way to get input data from console +input_string_var = input("Enter some data: ") # Returns the data as a string +# Note: In earlier versions of Python, input() method was named as raw_input() + # No need to declare variables before assigning to them. # Convention is to use lower_case_with_underscores some_var = 5 @@ -212,6 +217,17 @@ li2 = li[:] # => li2 = [1, 2, 4, 3] but (li2 is li) will result in false. # Remove arbitrary elements from a list with "del" del li[2] # li is now [1, 2, 3] +# Remove first occurrence of a value +li.remove(2) # li is now [1, 3] +li.remove(2) # Raises a ValueError as 2 is not in the list + +# Insert an element at a specific index +li.insert(1, 2) # li is now [1, 2, 3] again + +# Get the index of the first item found +li.index(2) # => 3 +li.index(4) # Raises a ValueError as 4 is not in the list + # You can add lists # Note: values for li and for other_li are not modified. li + other_li # => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] @@ -245,6 +261,8 @@ tup[:2] # => (1, 2) # You can unpack tuples (or lists) into variables a, b, c = (1, 2, 3) # a is now 1, b is now 2 and c is now 3 +# You can also do extended unpacking +a, *b, c = (1, 2, 3, 4) # a is now 1, b is now [2, 3] and c is now 4 # Tuples are created by default if you leave out the parentheses d, e, f = 4, 5, 6 # Now look how easy it is to swap two values @@ -302,6 +320,11 @@ filled_dict.update({"four":4}) # => {"one": 1, "two": 2, "three": 3, "four": 4} # Remove keys from a dictionary with del del filled_dict["one"] # Removes the key "one" from filled dict +# From Python 3.5 you can also use the additional unpacking options +{'a': 1, **{'b': 2}} # => {'a': 1, 'b': 2} +{'a': 1, **{'a': 2}} # => {'a': 2} + + # Sets store ... well sets empty_set = set() @@ -328,6 +351,15 @@ filled_set | other_set # => {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} # Do set difference with - {1, 2, 3, 4} - {2, 3, 5} # => {1, 4} +# Do set symmetric difference with ^ +{1, 2, 3, 4} ^ {2, 3, 5} # => {1, 4, 5} + +# Check if set on the left is a superset of set on the right +{1, 2} >= {1, 2, 3} # => False + +# Check if set on the left is a subset of set on the right +{1, 2} <= {1, 2, 3} # => True + # Check for existence in a set with in 2 in filled_set # => True 10 in filled_set # => False @@ -435,7 +467,7 @@ with open("myfile.txt") as f: filled_dict = {"one": 1, "two": 2, "three": 3} our_iterable = filled_dict.keys() -print(our_iterable) # => range(1,10). This is an object that implements our Iterable interface +print(our_iterable) # => dict_keys(['one', 'two', 'three']). This is an object that implements our Iterable interface. # We can loop over it. for i in our_iterable: @@ -524,19 +556,19 @@ x, y = swap(x, y) # => x = 2, y = 1 # Function Scope x = 5 -def setX(num): +def set_x(num): # Local var x not the same as global variable x x = num # => 43 print (x) # => 43 -def setGlobalX(num): +def set_global_x(num): global x print (x) # => 5 x = num # global var x is now set to 6 print (x) # => 6 -setX(43) -setGlobalX(6) +set_x(43) +set_global_x(6) # Python has first class functions @@ -585,6 +617,9 @@ class Human: # Assign the argument to the instance's name attribute self.name = name + # Initialize property + self.age = 0 + # An instance method. All methods take "self" as the first argument def say(self, msg): return "{name}: {message}".format(name=self.name, message=msg) @@ -600,6 +635,23 @@ class Human: def grunt(): return "*grunt*" + # A property is just like a getter. + # It turns the method age() into an read-only attribute + # of the same name. + @property + def age(self): + return self._age + + # This allows the property to be set + @age.setter + def age(self, age): + self._age = age + + # This allows the property to be deleted + @age.deleter + def age(self): + del self._age + # Instantiate a class i = Human(name="Ian") @@ -619,6 +671,17 @@ j.get_species() # => "H. neanderthalensis" # Call the static method Human.grunt() # => "*grunt*" +# Update the property +i.age = 42 + +# Get the property +i.age # => 42 + +# Delete the property +del i.age +i.age # => raises an AttributeError + + #################################################### ## 6. Modules |