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diff --git a/qt.html.markdown b/qt.html.markdown new file mode 100644 index 00000000..0db75726 --- /dev/null +++ b/qt.html.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,159 @@ +--- +category: tool +tool: Qt Framework +language: c++ +filename: learnqt.cpp +contributors: + - ["Aleksey Kholovchuk", "https://github.com/vortexxx192"] + +--- + +**Qt** is a widely-known framework for developing cross-platform software that can be run on various software and hardware platforms with little or no change in the code, while having the power and speed of native applications. Though **Qt** was originally written in *C++*, there are its ports to other languages: *[PyQt](https://learnxinyminutes.com/docs/pyqt/)*, *QtRuby*, *PHP-Qt*, etc. + +**Qt** is great for creating applications with graphical user interface (GUI). This tutorial is how to do it in *C++*. + +```c++ +/* + * Let's start classically + */ + +// all headers from Qt framework start with capital letter 'Q' +#include <QApplication> +#include <QLineEdit> + +int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { + // create an object to manage application-wide resources + QApplication app(argc, argv); + + // create line edit widget and show it on screen + QLineEdit lineEdit("Hello world!"); + lineEdit.show(); + + // start the application's event loop + return app.exec(); +} +``` + +GUI-related part of **Qt** is all about *widgets* and *connections* between them. + +[READ MORE ABOUT WIDGETS](http://doc.qt.io/qt-5/qtwidgets-index.html) + +```c++ +/* + * Let's create a label and a button. + * A label should appear when a button is pressed. + * + * Qt code is speaking for itself. + */ + +#include <QApplication> +#include <QDialog> +#include <QVBoxLayout> +#include <QPushButton> +#include <QLabel> + +int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { + QApplication app(argc, argv); + + QDialog dialogWindow; + dialogWindow.show(); + + // add vertical layout + QVBoxLayout layout; + dialogWindow.setLayout(&layout); + + QLabel textLabel("Thanks for pressing that button"); + layout.addWidget(&textLabel); + textLabel.hide(); + + QPushButton button("Press me"); + layout.addWidget(&button); + + // show hidden label when the button is pressed + QObject::connect(&button, &QPushButton::pressed, + &textLabel, &QLabel::show); + + return app.exec(); +} +``` + +Notice that *QObject::connect* part. This method is used to connect *SIGNALS* of one objects to *SLOTS* of another. + +**Signals** are being emitted when certain things happen with objects, like *pressed* signal is emitted when user presses on QPushButton object. + +**Slots** are *actions* that might be performed in response to received signals. + +[READ MORE ABOUT SLOTS AND SIGNALS](http://doc.qt.io/qt-5/signalsandslots.html) + + +Next, let's learn that we can not only use standard widgets but also extend their behaviour using inheritance. Let's create a button and count how many times it was pressed. For this purpose we define our own class *CounterLabel*. It must be declared in separate file because of specific Qt architecture. + +```c++ +// counterlabel.hpp + +#ifndef COUNTERLABEL +#define COUNTERLABEL + +#include <QLabel> + +class CounterLabel : public QLabel { + Q_OBJECT // Qt-defined macros that must be present in every custom widget + +public: + CounterLabel() : counter(0) { + setText("Counter has not been increased yet"); // method of QLabel + } + +public slots: + // action that will be called in response to button press + void increaseCounter() { + setText(QString("Counter value: %1").arg(QString::number(++counter))); + } + +private: + int counter; +}; + +#endif // COUNTERLABEL +``` + +```c++ +// main.cpp +// Almost the same as in previous example + +#include <QApplication> +#include <QDialog> +#include <QVBoxLayout> +#include <QPushButton> +#include <QString> +#include "counterlabel.hpp" + +int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { + QApplication app(argc, argv); + + QDialog dialogWindow; + dialogWindow.show(); + + QVBoxLayout layout; + dialogWindow.setLayout(&layout); + + CounterLabel counterLabel; + layout.addWidget(&counterLabel); + + QPushButton button("Push me once more"); + layout.addWidget(&button); + QObject::connect(&button, &QPushButton::pressed, + &counterLabel, &CounterLabel::increaseCounter); + + return app.exec(); +} +``` + +That's it! Of course, Qt framework is much much larger than the part that was covered in this tutorial, so be ready to read and practice. + +## Further reading + +- [Qt 4.8 tutorials](http://doc.qt.io/qt-4.8/tutorials.html) +- [Qt 5 tutorials](http://doc.qt.io/qt-5/qtexamplesandtutorials.html) + +Good luck and have fun! |