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-rw-r--r--typescript.html.markdown133
1 files changed, 72 insertions, 61 deletions
diff --git a/typescript.html.markdown b/typescript.html.markdown
index 9f04169a..27a1f71a 100644
--- a/typescript.html.markdown
+++ b/typescript.html.markdown
@@ -14,100 +14,111 @@ This article will focus only on TypeScript extra syntax, as oposed to [JavaScrip
To test TypeScript's compiler, head to the [Playground] (http://www.typescriptlang.org/Playground) where you will be able to type code, have auto completion and directly see the emitted JavaScript.
```js
-//There are 3 basic types in TypeScript
+// There are 3 basic types in TypeScript
var isDone: boolean = false;
var lines: number = 42;
var name: string = "Anders";
-//..When it's impossible to know, there is the "Any" type
+// When it's impossible to know, there is the "Any" type
var notSure: any = 4;
notSure = "maybe a string instead";
notSure = false; // okay, definitely a boolean
-//For collections, there are typed arrays and generic arrays
+// For collections, there are typed arrays and generic arrays
var list: number[] = [1, 2, 3];
-//Alternatively, using the generic array type
+// Alternatively, using the generic array type
var list: Array<number> = [1, 2, 3];
-//For enumerations:
+// For enumerations:
enum Color {Red, Green, Blue};
var c: Color = Color.Green;
-//Lastly, "void" is used in the special case of a function not returning anything
+// Lastly, "void" is used in the special case of a function returning nothing
function bigHorribleAlert(): void {
alert("I'm a little annoying box!");
}
-//Functions are first class citizens, support the lambda "fat arrow" syntax and use type inference
-//All examples are equivalent, the same signature will be infered by the compiler, and same JavaScript will be emitted
-var f1 = function(i: number) : number { return i * i; }
-var f2 = function(i: number) { return i * i; } //Return type infered
-var f3 = (i : number) : number => { return i * i; }
-var f4 = (i: number) => { return i * i; } //Return type infered
-var f5 = (i: number) => i * i; //Return type infered, one-liner means no return keyword needed
-
-//Interfaces are structural, anything that has the properties is compliant with the interface
+// Functions are first class citizens, support the lambda "fat arrow" syntax and
+// use type inference
+
+// The following are equivalent, the same signature will be infered by the
+// compiler, and same JavaScript will be emitted
+var f1 = function(i: number): number { return i * i; }
+// Return type inferred
+var f2 = function(i: number) { return i * i; }
+var f3 = (i: number): number => { return i * i; }
+// Return type inferred
+var f4 = (i: number) => { return i * i; }
+// Return type inferred, one-liner means no return keyword needed
+var f5 = (i: number) => i * i;
+
+// Interfaces are structural, anything that has the properties is compliant with
+// the interface
interface Person {
name: string;
- //Optional properties, marked with a "?"
+ // Optional properties, marked with a "?"
age?: number;
- //And of course functions
+ // And of course functions
move(): void;
}
-//..Object that implements the "Person" interface
-var p : Person = { name: "Bobby", move : () => {} }; //Can be treated as a Person since it has the name and age properties
-//..Objects that have the optional property:
-var validPerson : Person = { name: "Bobby", age: 42, move: () => {} };
-var invalidPerson : Person = { name: "Bobby", age: true }; //Is not a person because age is not a number
+// Object that implements the "Person" interface
+// Can be treated as a Person since it has the name and move properties
+var p: Person = { name: "Bobby", move: () => {} };
+// Objects that have the optional property:
+var validPerson: Person = { name: "Bobby", age: 42, move: () => {} };
+// Is not a person because age is not a number
+var invalidPerson: Person = { name: "Bobby", age: true };
-//..Interfaces can also describe a function type
+// Interfaces can also describe a function type
interface SearchFunc {
(source: string, subString: string): boolean;
}
-//..Only the parameters' types are important, names are not important.
+// Only the parameters' types are important, names are not important.
var mySearch: SearchFunc;
mySearch = function(src: string, sub: string) {
return src.search(sub) != -1;
}
-//Classes - members are public by default
+// Classes - members are public by default
class Point {
- //Properties
- x: number;
-
- //Constructor - the public/private keywords in this context will generate the boiler plate code
- // for the property and the initialization in the constructor.
- // In this example, "y" will be defined just like "x" is, but with less code
- //Default values are also supported
- constructor(x: number, public y: number = 0) {
- this.x = x;
- }
-
- //Functions
- dist() { return Math.sqrt(this.x * this.x + this.y * this.y); }
-
- //Static members
- static origin = new Point(0, 0);
+ // Properties
+ x: number;
+
+ // Constructor - the public/private keywords in this context will generate
+ // the boiler plate code for the property and the initialization in the
+ // constructor.
+ // In this example, "y" will be defined just like "x" is, but with less code
+ // Default values are also supported
+
+ constructor(x: number, public y: number = 0) {
+ this.x = x;
+ }
+
+ // Functions
+ dist() { return Math.sqrt(this.x * this.x + this.y * this.y); }
+
+ // Static members
+ static origin = new Point(0, 0);
}
var p1 = new Point(10 ,20);
var p2 = new Point(25); //y will be 0
-//Inheritance
+// Inheritance
class Point3D extends Point {
- constructor(x: number, y: number, public z: number = 0) {
- super(x, y); //Explicit call to the super class constructor is mandatory
- }
-
- //Overwrite
- dist() {
- var d = super.dist();
- return Math.sqrt(d * d + this.z * this.z);
- }
+ constructor(x: number, y: number, public z: number = 0) {
+ super(x, y); // Explicit call to the super class constructor is mandatory
+ }
+
+ // Overwrite
+ dist() {
+ var d = super.dist();
+ return Math.sqrt(d * d + this.z * this.z);
+ }
}
-//Modules, "." can be used as separator for sub modules
+// Modules, "." can be used as separator for sub modules
module Geometry {
export class Square {
constructor(public sideLength: number = 0) {
@@ -120,32 +131,32 @@ module Geometry {
var s1 = new Geometry.Square(5);
-//..Local alias for referencing a module
+// Local alias for referencing a module
import G = Geometry;
var s2 = new G.Square(10);
-//Generics
-//..Classes
+// Generics
+// Classes
class Tuple<T1, T2> {
constructor(public item1: T1, public item2: T2) {
}
}
-//..Interfaces
+// Interfaces
interface Pair<T> {
- item1: T;
- item2: T;
+ item1: T;
+ item2: T;
}
-//..And functions
+// And functions
var pairToTuple = function<T>(p: Pair<T>) {
- return new Tuple(p.item1, p.item2);
+ return new Tuple(p.item1, p.item2);
};
var tuple = pairToTuple({ item1:"hello", item2:"world"});
-//Including references to a definition file:
+// Including references to a definition file:
/// <reference path="jquery.d.ts" />
```