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diff --git a/vim.html.markdown b/vim.html.markdown new file mode 100644 index 00000000..15144b8d --- /dev/null +++ b/vim.html.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,246 @@ +--- +category: tool +tool: vim +contributors: + - ["RadhikaG", "https://github.com/RadhikaG"] +filename: LearnVim.txt +--- + + +[Vim](http://www.vim.org) +(Vi IMproved) is a clone of the popular vi editor for Unix. It is a text +editor designed for speed and increased productivity, and is ubiquitous in most +unix-based systems. It has numerous keybindings for speedy navigation to +specific points in the file, and for fast editing. + +## Basics of navigating Vim + +``` + vim <filename> # Open <filename> in vim + :help <topic> # Open up built-in help docs about <topic> if any exists + :q # Quit vim + :w # Save current file + :wq # Save file and quit vim + :q! # Quit vim without saving file + # ! *forces* :q to execute, hence quiting vim without saving + :x # Save file and quit vim, shorter version of :wq + + u # Undo + CTRL+R # Redo + + h # Move left one character + j # Move down one line + k # Move up one line + l # Move right one character + + # Moving within the line + + 0 # Move to beginning of line + $ # Move to end of line + ^ # Move to first non-blank character in line + + # Searching in the text + + /word # Highlights all occurrences of word after cursor + ?word # Highlights all occurrences of word before cursor + n # Moves cursor to next occurrence of word after search + N # Moves cursor to previous occerence of word + + :%s/foo/bar/g # Change 'foo' to 'bar' on every line in the file + :s/foo/bar/g # Change 'foo' to 'bar' on the current line + + # Jumping to characters + + f<character> # Jump forward and land on <character> + t<character> # Jump forward and land right before <character> + + # For example, + f< # Jump forward and land on < + t< # Jump forward and land right before < + + # Moving by word + + w # Move forward by one word + b # Move back by one word + e # Move to end of current word + + # Other characters for moving around + + gg # Go to the top of the file + G # Go to the bottom of the file + :NUM # Go to line number NUM (NUM is any number) + H # Move to the top of the screen + M # Move to the middle of the screen + L # Move to the bottom of the screen +``` + +## Help docs: + +Vim has built in help documentation that can accessed with `:help <topic>`. +For example `:help navigation` will pull up documentation about how to navigate +your workspace! + +`:help` can also be used without an option. This will bring up a default help dialog +that aims to make getting started with vim more approachable! + +## Modes: + +Vim is based on the concept on **modes**. + +Command Mode - vim starts up in this mode, used to navigate and write commands +Insert Mode - used to make changes in your file +Visual Mode - used to highlight text and do operations to them +Ex Mode - used to drop down to the bottom with the ':' prompt to enter commands + +``` + i # Puts vim into insert mode, before the cursor position + a # Puts vim into insert mode, after the cursor position + v # Puts vim into visual mode + : # Puts vim into ex mode + <esc> # 'Escapes' from whichever mode you're in, into Command mode + + # Copying and pasting text + + y # Yank whatever is selected + yy # Yank the current line + d # Delete whatever is selected + dd # Delete the current line + p # Paste the copied text after the current cursor position + P # Paste the copied text before the current cursor position + x # Deleting character under current cursor position +``` + +## The 'Grammar' of vim + +Vim can be thought of as a set of commands in a +'Verb-Modifier-Noun' format, where: + +Verb - your action +Modifier - how you're doing your action +Noun - the object on which your action acts on + +A few important examples of 'Verbs', 'Modifiers', and 'Nouns': + +``` + # 'Verbs' + + d # Delete + c # Change + y # Yank (copy) + v # Visually select + + # 'Modifiers' + + i # Inside + a # Around + NUM # Number (NUM is any number) + f # Searches for something and lands on it + t # Searches for something and stops before it + / # Finds a string from cursor onwards + ? # Finds a string before cursor + + # 'Nouns' + + w # Word + s # Sentence + p # Paragraph + b # Block + + # Sample 'sentences' or commands + + d2w # Delete 2 words + cis # Change inside sentence + yip # Yank inside paragraph (copy the para you're in) + ct< # Change to open bracket + # Change the text from where you are to the next open bracket + d$ # Delete till end of line +``` + +## Some shortcuts and tricks + + <!--TODO: Add more!--> +``` + > # Indent selection by one block + < # Dedent selection by one block + :earlier 15m # Reverts the document back to how it was 15 minutes ago + :later 15m # Reverse above command + ddp # Swap position of consecutive lines, dd then p + . # Repeat previous action + :w !sudo tee % # Save the current file as root +``` + +## Macros + +Macros are basically recordable actions. +When you start recording a macro, it records **every** action and command +you use, until you stop recording. On invoking a macro, it applies the exact +same sequence of actions and commands again on the text selection. + +``` + qa # Start recording a macro named 'a' + q # Stop recording + @a # Play back the macro +``` + +### Configuring ~/.vimrc + +The .vimrc file can be used to configure Vim on startup. + +Here's a sample ~/.vimrc file: + +``` +" Example ~/.vimrc +" 2015.10 + +" Required for vim to be iMproved +set nocompatible + +" Determines filetype from name to allow intelligent auto-indenting, etc. +filetype indent plugin on + +" Enable syntax highlighting +syntax on + +" Better command-line completion +set wildmenu + +" Use case insensitive search except when using capital letters +set ignorecase +set smartcase + +" When opening a new line and no file-specific indenting is enabled, +" keep same indent as the line you're currently on +set autoindent + +" Display line numbers on the left +set number + +" Indentation options, change according to personal preference + +" Number of visual spaces per TAB +set tabstop=4 + +" Number of spaces in TAB when editing +set softtabstop=4 + +" Number of spaces indented when reindent operations (>> and <<) are used +set shiftwidth=4 + +" Convert TABs to spaces +set expandtab + +" Enable intelligent tabbing and spacing for indentation and alignment +set smarttab +``` + +### References + +[Vim | Home](http://www.vim.org/index.php) + +`$ vimtutor` + +[A vim Tutorial and Primer](https://danielmiessler.com/study/vim/) + +[What are the dark corners of Vim your mom never told you about? (Stack Overflow thread)](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/726894/what-are-the-dark-corners-of-vim-your-mom-never-told-you-about) + +[Arch Linux Wiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Vim) |