From 93fc8f5e8044c404d1feb600cf50eb932b596325 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Adam <adam@adambard.com>
Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2013 10:10:49 -0700
Subject: Line length edits to C#

---
 csharp.html.markdown | 973 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------------------
 1 file changed, 487 insertions(+), 486 deletions(-)

diff --git a/csharp.html.markdown b/csharp.html.markdown
index e079571e..c254b5a9 100644
--- a/csharp.html.markdown
+++ b/csharp.html.markdown
@@ -28,492 +28,493 @@ using System.Collections.Generic;
 // defines scope to organize code into "packages"
 namespace Learning
 {
-	// Each .cs file should at least contain a class with the same name as the file
-	// you're allowed to do otherwise, but shouldn't for sanity.
-	public class LearnCSharp
-	{
-		// A console application must have a main method as an entry point
-		public static void Main(string[] args)
-		{
-			// Use Console.WriteLine to print lines
-			Console.WriteLine("Hello World");
-			Console.WriteLine(
-				"Integer: " + 10 +
-				" Double: " + 3.14 +
-				" Boolean: " + true);
-
-			// To print without a new line, use Console.Write
-			Console.Write("Hello ");
-			Console.Write("World");
-
-
-			///////////////////////////////////////////////////
-			// Types & Variables
-			//
-			// Declare a variable using <type> <name>
-			///////////////////////////////////////////////////
-
-			// Sbyte - Signed 8-bit integer
-			// (-128 <= sbyte <= 127)
-			sbyte fooSbyte = 100;
-
-			// Byte - Unsigned 8-bit integer
-			// (0 <= byte <= 255)
-			byte fooByte = 100;
-
-			// Short - Signed 16-bit integer
-			// (-32,768 <= short <= 32,767)
-			short fooShort = 10000;
-
-			// Ushort - Unsigned 16-bit integer
-			// (0 <= ushort <= 65,535)
-			ushort fooUshort = 10000;
-
-			// Integer - Signed 32-bit integer
-			// (-2,147,483,648 <= int <= 2,147,483,647)
-			int fooInt = 1;
-
-			// Uinteger - Unsigned 32-bit integer
-			// (0 <= uint <= 4,294,967,295)
-			uint fooUint = 1;
-
-			// Long - Signed 64-bit integer
-			// (-9,223,372,036,854,775,808 <= long <= 9,223,372,036,854,775,807)
-			long fooLong = 100000L;
-			// L is used to denote that this variable value is of type long or ulong
-			// anything without is treated as int or uint depending on size.
-
-			// Ulong - Unsigned 64-bit integer
-			// (0 <= ulong <= 18,446,744,073,709,551,615)
-			ulong fooUlong = 100000L;
-
-			// Float - Single-precision 32-bit IEEE 754 Floating Point
-			// Precision: 7 digits
-			float fooFloat = 234.5f;
-			// f is used to denote that this variable value is of type float;
-			// otherwise it is treated as double.
-
-			// Double - Double-precision 64-bit IEEE 754 Floating Point
-			// Precision: 15-16 digits
-			double fooDouble = 123.4;
-
-			// Bool - true & false
-			bool fooBoolean = true;
-			bool barBoolean = false;
-
-			// Char - A single 16-bit Unicode character
-			char fooChar = 'A';
-
-			// Strings
-			string fooString = "My string is here!";
-			Console.WriteLine(fooString);
-
-			// formatting
-			string fooFormattedString = string.Format("Check Check, {0} {1}, {0} {1:0.0}", 1, 2);
-			Console.WriteLine(fooFormattedString);
-
-			// formatting dates
-			DateTime fooDate = DateTime.Now;
-			Console.WriteLine(fooDate.ToString("hh:mm, dd MMM yyyy"));
-
-			// \n is an escaped character that starts a new line
-			string barString = "Printing on a new line?\nNo Problem!";
-			Console.WriteLine(barString);
-
-			// it can be written prettier by using the @ symbol
-			string bazString = @"Here's some stuff
-	on a new line!";
-			Console.WriteLine(bazString);
-
-			// quotes need to be escaped
-			// use \" normally
-			string quotedString = "some \"quoted\" stuff";
-			Console.WriteLine(quotedString);
-
-			// use "" when strings start with @
-			string quotedString2 = @"some MORE ""quoted"" stuff";
-			Console.WriteLine(quotedString2);
-
-			// Use const or read-only to make a variable immutable
-			// const values are calculated at compile time
-			const int HOURS_I_WORK_PER_WEEK = 9001;
-
-			// Nullable types
-			// any type can be made nullable by suffixing a ?
-			// <type>? <var name> = <value>
-			int? nullable = null;
-			Console.WriteLine("Nullable variable: " + nullable);
-
-			// ?? is syntactic sugar for specifying default value
-			// in case variable is null
-			int notNullable = nullable ?? 0;
-			Console.WriteLine("Not nullable variable: " + notNullable);
-
-			// Var - compiler will choose the most appropriate type based on value
-			var fooImplicit = true;
-
-			///////////////////////////////////////////////////
-			// Data Structures
-			///////////////////////////////////////////////////
-			Console.WriteLine("\n->Data Structures");
-
-			// Arrays
-			// The array size must be decided upon declaration
-			// The format for declaring an array is follows:
-			// <datatype>[] <var name> = new <datatype>[<array size>];
-			int[] intArray = new int[10];
-			string[] stringArray = new string[1];
-			bool[] boolArray = new bool[100];
-
-			// Another way to declare & initialize an array
-			int[] y = { 9000, 1000, 1337 };
-
-			// Indexing an array - Accessing an element
-			Console.WriteLine("intArray @ 0: " + intArray[0]);
-
-			// Arrays are zero-indexed and mutable.
-			intArray[1] = 1;
-			Console.WriteLine("intArray @ 1: " + intArray[1]); // => 1
-
-			// Lists
-			// Lists are used more frequently than arrays as they are more flexible
-			// The format for declaring a list is follows:
-			// List<datatype> <var name> = new List<datatype>();
-			List<int> intList = new List<int>();
-			List<string> stringList = new List<string>();
-
-			// Another way to declare & initialize a list
-			List<int> z = new List<int> { 9000, 1000, 1337 };
-
-			// Indexing a list - Accessing an element
-			// Lists are zero-indexed and mutable.
-			Console.WriteLine("z @ 0: " + z[2]);
-
-			// Lists don't default to a value;
-			// A value must be added before accessing the index
-			intList.Add(1);
-			Console.WriteLine("intList @ 0: " + intList[0]);
-
-
-			// Others data structures to check out:
-			//
-			// Stack/Queue
-			// Dictionary
-			// Read-only Collections
-			// Tuple (.Net 4+)
-
-
-			///////////////////////////////////////
-			// Operators
-			///////////////////////////////////////
-			Console.WriteLine("\n->Operators");
-
-			int i1 = 1, i2 = 2; // Shorthand for multiple declarations
-
-			// Arithmetic is straightforward
-			Console.WriteLine("1+2 = " + (i1 + i2)); // => 3
-			Console.WriteLine("2-1 = " + (i2 - i1)); // => 1
-			Console.WriteLine("2*1 = " + (i2 * i1)); // => 2
-			Console.WriteLine("1/2 = " + (i1 / i2)); // => 0 (0.5 truncated down)
-
-			// Modulo
-			Console.WriteLine("11%3 = " + (11 % 3)); // => 2
-
-			// Comparison operators
-			Console.WriteLine("3 == 2? " + (3 == 2)); // => false
-			Console.WriteLine("3 != 2? " + (3 != 2)); // => true
-			Console.WriteLine("3 > 2? " + (3 > 2)); // => true
-			Console.WriteLine("3 < 2? " + (3 < 2)); // => false
-			Console.WriteLine("2 <= 2? " + (2 <= 2)); // => true
-			Console.WriteLine("2 >= 2? " + (2 >= 2)); // => true
-
-			// Bitwise operators!
-			/*
-			~       Unary bitwise complement
-			<<      Signed left shift
-			>>      Signed right shift
-			>>>     Unsigned right shift
-			&       Bitwise AND
-			^       Bitwise exclusive OR
-			|       Bitwise inclusive OR
-			*/
-
-			// Incrementations
-			int i = 0;
-			Console.WriteLine("\n->Inc/Dec-rementation");
-			Console.WriteLine(i++); //i = 1. Post-Incrementation
-			Console.WriteLine(++i); //i = 2. Pre-Incrementation
-			Console.WriteLine(i--); //i = 1. Post-Decrementation
-			Console.WriteLine(--i); //i = 0. Pre-Decrementation
-
-
-			///////////////////////////////////////
-			// Control Structures
-			///////////////////////////////////////
-			Console.WriteLine("\n->Control Structures");
-
-			// If statements are c-like
-			int j = 10;
-			if (j == 10)
-			{
-				Console.WriteLine("I get printed");
-			}
-			else if (j > 10)
-			{
-				Console.WriteLine("I don't");
-			}
-			else
-			{
-				Console.WriteLine("I also don't");
-			}
-
-			// Ternary operators
-			// A simple if/else can be written as follows
-			// <condition> ? <true> : <false>
-			string isTrue = (true) ? "True" : "False";
-			Console.WriteLine("Ternary demo: " + isTrue);
-
-
-			// While loop
-			int fooWhile = 0;
-			while (fooWhile < 100)
-			{
-				//Console.WriteLine(fooWhile);
-				//Increment the counter
-				//Iterated 99 times, fooWhile 0->99
-				fooWhile++;
-			}
-			Console.WriteLine("fooWhile Value: " + fooWhile);
-
-			// Do While Loop
-			int fooDoWhile = 0;
-			do
-			{
-				//Console.WriteLine(fooDoWhile);
-				//Increment the counter
-				//Iterated 99 times, fooDoWhile 0->99
-				fooDoWhile++;
-			} while (fooDoWhile < 100);
-			Console.WriteLine("fooDoWhile Value: " + fooDoWhile);
-
-			// For Loop
-			int fooFor;
-			//for loop structure => for(<start_statement>; <conditional>; <step>)
-			for (fooFor = 0; fooFor < 10; fooFor++)
-			{
-				//Console.WriteLine(fooFor);
-				//Iterated 10 times, fooFor 0->9
-			}
-			Console.WriteLine("fooFor Value: " + fooFor);
-
-			// Switch Case
-			// A switch works with the byte, short, char, and int data types.
-			// It also works with enumerated types (discussed in Enum Types),
-			// the String class, and a few special classes that wrap
-			// primitive types: Character, Byte, Short, and Integer.
-			int month = 3;
-			string monthString;
-			switch (month)
-			{
-				case 1:
-					monthString = "January";
-					break;
-				case 2:
-					monthString = "February";
-					break;
-				case 3:
-					monthString = "March";
-					break;
-				default:
-					monthString = "Some other month";
-					break;
-			}
-			Console.WriteLine("Switch Case Result: " + monthString);
-
-
-			///////////////////////////////////////
-			// Converting Data Types And Typcasting
-			///////////////////////////////////////
-
-			// Converting data
-
-			// Convert String To Integer
-			// this will throw an Exception on failure
-			int.Parse("123");//returns an integer version of "123"
-
-			// try parse will default to type default on failure
-			// in this case: 0
-			int tryInt;
-			int.TryParse("123", out tryInt);
-
-			// Convert Integer To String
-			// Convert class has a number of methods to facilitate conversions
-			Convert.ToString(123);
-
-			///////////////////////////////////////
-			// Classes And Functions
-			///////////////////////////////////////
-
-			Console.WriteLine("\n->Classes & Functions");
-
-			// (definition of the Bicycle class follows)
-
-			// Use new to instantiate a class
-			Bicycle trek = new Bicycle();
-
-			// Call object methods
-			trek.speedUp(3); // You should always use setter and getter methods
-			trek.setCadence(100);
-
-			// ToString is a convention to display the value of this Object.
-			Console.WriteLine("trek info: " + trek.ToString());
-
-			// Instantiate another new Bicycle
-			Bicycle octo = new Bicycle(5, 10);
-			Console.WriteLine("octo info: " + octo.ToString());
-
-			// Instantiate a new Penny Farthing
-			PennyFarthing funbike = new PennyFarthing(1, 10);
-			Console.WriteLine("funbike info: " + funbike.ToString());
-
-			Console.Read();
-		} // End main method
-
-
-	} // End LearnCSharp class
-
-	// You can include other classes in a .cs file
-
-
-	// Class Declaration Syntax:
-	// <public/private/protected> class <class name>{
-	//    //data fields, constructors, functions all inside.
-	//    //functions are called as methods in Java.
-	// }
-
-	public class Bicycle
-	{
-		// Bicycle's Fields/Variables
-		public int cadence; // Public: Can be accessed from anywhere
-		private int _speed;  // Private: Only accessible from within the class
-		protected int gear; // Protected: Accessible from the class and subclasses
-		internal int wheels; // Internal: Accessible from within the assembly
-		string name; // default: Only accessible from within this class
-
-		// readonly values are set at run time
-		// they can only be assigned upon declaration or in a constructor
-		readonly bool hasCardsInSpokes = false; // read-only private
-
-		// Constructors are a way of creating classes
-		// This is a default constructor
-		public Bicycle()
-		{
-			gear = 1;
-			cadence = 50;
-			_speed = 5;
-			name = "Bontrager";
-		}
-
-		// This is a specified constructor (it contains arguments)
-		public Bicycle(int startCadence, int startSpeed, int startGear, string name, bool hasCardsInSpokes)
-		{
-			this.gear = startGear;
-			this.cadence = startCadence;
-			this._speed = startSpeed;
-			this.name = name;
-			this.hasCardsInSpokes = hasCardsInSpokes;
-		}
-
-		// Constructors can be chained
-		public Bicycle(int startCadence, int startSpeed) :
-			this(startCadence, startSpeed, 0, "big wheels", true)
-		{
-		}
-
-		// Function Syntax:
-		// <public/private/protected> <return type> <function name>(<args>)
-
-		// classes can implement getters and setters for their fields
-		// or they can implement properties
-
-		// Method declaration syntax:
-		// <scope> <return type> <method name>(<args>)
-		public int getCadence()
-		{
-			return cadence;
-		}
-
-		// void methods require no return statement
-		public void setCadence(int newValue)
-		{
-			cadence = newValue;
-		}
-
-		// virtual keyword indicates this method can be overridden
-		public virtual void setGear(int newValue)
-		{
-			gear = newValue;
-		}
-
-		public void speedUp(int increment)
-		{
-			_speed += increment;
-		}
-
-		public void slowDown(int decrement)
-		{
-			_speed -= decrement;
-		}
-
-		// properties get/set values
-		// when only data needs to be accessed, consider using properties.
-		// properties may have either get or set, or both
-		private bool _hasTassles; // private variable
-		public bool hasTassles // public accessor
-		{
-			get { return _hasTassles; }
-			set { _hasTassles = value; }
-		}
-
-		private int _frameSize;
-		public int FrameSize
-		{
-			get { return _frameSize; }
-			// you are able to specify access modifiers for either get or set
-			// this means only Bicycle class can call set on Framesize
-			private set { _frameSize = value; }
-		}
-
-		//Method to display the attribute values of this Object.
-		public override string ToString()
-		{
-			return "gear: " + gear +
-					" cadence: " + cadence +
-					" speed: " + _speed +
-					" name: " + name +
-					" cards in spokes: " + (hasCardsInSpokes ? "yes" : "no") +
-					"\n------------------------------\n"
-					;
-		}
-	} // end class Bicycle
-
-	// PennyFarthing is a subclass of Bicycle
-	class PennyFarthing : Bicycle
-	{
-		// (Penny Farthings are those bicycles with the big front wheel.
-		// They have no gears.)
-
-		// calling parent constructor
-		public PennyFarthing(int startCadence, int startSpeed) :
-			base(startCadence, startSpeed, 0, "PennyFarthing", true)
-		{
-		}
-
-		public override void setGear(int gear)
-		{
-			gear = 0;
-		}
-	}
+    // Each .cs file should at least contain a class with the same name as the file
+    // you're allowed to do otherwise, but shouldn't for sanity.
+    public class LearnCSharp
+    {
+        // A console application must have a main method as an entry point
+        public static void Main(string[] args)
+        {
+            // Use Console.WriteLine to print lines
+            Console.WriteLine("Hello World");
+            Console.WriteLine(
+                "Integer: " + 10 +
+                " Double: " + 3.14 +
+                " Boolean: " + true);
+
+            // To print without a new line, use Console.Write
+            Console.Write("Hello ");
+            Console.Write("World");
+
+
+            ///////////////////////////////////////////////////
+            // Types & Variables
+            //
+            // Declare a variable using <type> <name>
+            ///////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+            // Sbyte - Signed 8-bit integer
+            // (-128 <= sbyte <= 127)
+            sbyte fooSbyte = 100;
+
+            // Byte - Unsigned 8-bit integer
+            // (0 <= byte <= 255)
+            byte fooByte = 100;
+
+            // Short - Signed 16-bit integer
+            // (-32,768 <= short <= 32,767)
+            short fooShort = 10000;
+
+            // Ushort - Unsigned 16-bit integer
+            // (0 <= ushort <= 65,535)
+            ushort fooUshort = 10000;
+
+            // Integer - Signed 32-bit integer
+            // (-2,147,483,648 <= int <= 2,147,483,647)
+            int fooInt = 1;
+
+            // Uinteger - Unsigned 32-bit integer
+            // (0 <= uint <= 4,294,967,295)
+            uint fooUint = 1;
+
+            // Long - Signed 64-bit integer
+            // (-9,223,372,036,854,775,808 <= long <= 9,223,372,036,854,775,807)
+            long fooLong = 100000L;
+            // L is used to denote that this variable value is of type long or ulong
+            // anything without is treated as int or uint depending on size.
+
+            // Ulong - Unsigned 64-bit integer
+            // (0 <= ulong <= 18,446,744,073,709,551,615)
+            ulong fooUlong = 100000L;
+
+            // Float - Single-precision 32-bit IEEE 754 Floating Point
+            // Precision: 7 digits
+            float fooFloat = 234.5f;
+            // f is used to denote that this variable value is of type float;
+            // otherwise it is treated as double.
+
+            // Double - Double-precision 64-bit IEEE 754 Floating Point
+            // Precision: 15-16 digits
+            double fooDouble = 123.4;
+
+            // Bool - true & false
+            bool fooBoolean = true;
+            bool barBoolean = false;
+
+            // Char - A single 16-bit Unicode character
+            char fooChar = 'A';
+
+            // Strings
+            string fooString = "My string is here!";
+            Console.WriteLine(fooString);
+
+            // formatting
+            string fooFs = string.Format("Check Check, {0} {1}, {0} {1:0.0}", 1, 2);
+            Console.WriteLine(fooFormattedString);
+
+            // formatting dates
+            DateTime fooDate = DateTime.Now;
+            Console.WriteLine(fooDate.ToString("hh:mm, dd MMM yyyy"));
+
+            // \n is an escaped character that starts a new line
+            string barString = "Printing on a new line?\nNo Problem!";
+            Console.WriteLine(barString);
+
+            // it can be written prettier by using the @ symbol
+            string bazString = @"Here's some stuff
+    on a new line!";
+            Console.WriteLine(bazString);
+
+            // quotes need to be escaped
+            // use \" normally
+            string quotedString = "some \"quoted\" stuff";
+            Console.WriteLine(quotedString);
+
+            // use "" when strings start with @
+            string quotedString2 = @"some MORE ""quoted"" stuff";
+            Console.WriteLine(quotedString2);
+
+            // Use const or read-only to make a variable immutable
+            // const values are calculated at compile time
+            const int HOURS_I_WORK_PER_WEEK = 9001;
+
+            // Nullable types
+            // any type can be made nullable by suffixing a ?
+            // <type>? <var name> = <value>
+            int? nullable = null;
+            Console.WriteLine("Nullable variable: " + nullable);
+
+            // ?? is syntactic sugar for specifying default value
+            // in case variable is null
+            int notNullable = nullable ?? 0;
+            Console.WriteLine("Not nullable variable: " + notNullable);
+
+            // Var - compiler will choose the most appropriate type based on value
+            var fooImplicit = true;
+
+            ///////////////////////////////////////////////////
+            // Data Structures
+            ///////////////////////////////////////////////////
+            Console.WriteLine("\n->Data Structures");
+
+            // Arrays
+            // The array size must be decided upon declaration
+            // The format for declaring an array is follows:
+            // <datatype>[] <var name> = new <datatype>[<array size>];
+            int[] intArray = new int[10];
+            string[] stringArray = new string[1];
+            bool[] boolArray = new bool[100];
+
+            // Another way to declare & initialize an array
+            int[] y = { 9000, 1000, 1337 };
+
+            // Indexing an array - Accessing an element
+            Console.WriteLine("intArray @ 0: " + intArray[0]);
+
+            // Arrays are zero-indexed and mutable.
+            intArray[1] = 1;
+            Console.WriteLine("intArray @ 1: " + intArray[1]); // => 1
+
+            // Lists
+            // Lists are used more frequently than arrays as they are more flexible
+            // The format for declaring a list is follows:
+            // List<datatype> <var name> = new List<datatype>();
+            List<int> intList = new List<int>();
+            List<string> stringList = new List<string>();
+
+            // Another way to declare & initialize a list
+            List<int> z = new List<int> { 9000, 1000, 1337 };
+
+            // Indexing a list - Accessing an element
+            // Lists are zero-indexed and mutable.
+            Console.WriteLine("z @ 0: " + z[2]);
+
+            // Lists don't default to a value;
+            // A value must be added before accessing the index
+            intList.Add(1);
+            Console.WriteLine("intList @ 0: " + intList[0]);
+
+
+            // Others data structures to check out:
+            //
+            // Stack/Queue
+            // Dictionary
+            // Read-only Collections
+            // Tuple (.Net 4+)
+
+
+            ///////////////////////////////////////
+            // Operators
+            ///////////////////////////////////////
+            Console.WriteLine("\n->Operators");
+
+            int i1 = 1, i2 = 2; // Shorthand for multiple declarations
+
+            // Arithmetic is straightforward
+            Console.WriteLine("1+2 = " + (i1 + i2)); // => 3
+            Console.WriteLine("2-1 = " + (i2 - i1)); // => 1
+            Console.WriteLine("2*1 = " + (i2 * i1)); // => 2
+            Console.WriteLine("1/2 = " + (i1 / i2)); // => 0 (0.5 truncated down)
+
+            // Modulo
+            Console.WriteLine("11%3 = " + (11 % 3)); // => 2
+
+            // Comparison operators
+            Console.WriteLine("3 == 2? " + (3 == 2)); // => false
+            Console.WriteLine("3 != 2? " + (3 != 2)); // => true
+            Console.WriteLine("3 > 2? " + (3 > 2)); // => true
+            Console.WriteLine("3 < 2? " + (3 < 2)); // => false
+            Console.WriteLine("2 <= 2? " + (2 <= 2)); // => true
+            Console.WriteLine("2 >= 2? " + (2 >= 2)); // => true
+
+            // Bitwise operators!
+            /*
+            ~       Unary bitwise complement
+            <<      Signed left shift
+            >>      Signed right shift
+            >>>     Unsigned right shift
+            &       Bitwise AND
+            ^       Bitwise exclusive OR
+            |       Bitwise inclusive OR
+            */
+
+            // Incrementations
+            int i = 0;
+            Console.WriteLine("\n->Inc/Dec-rementation");
+            Console.WriteLine(i++); //i = 1. Post-Incrementation
+            Console.WriteLine(++i); //i = 2. Pre-Incrementation
+            Console.WriteLine(i--); //i = 1. Post-Decrementation
+            Console.WriteLine(--i); //i = 0. Pre-Decrementation
+
+
+            ///////////////////////////////////////
+            // Control Structures
+            ///////////////////////////////////////
+            Console.WriteLine("\n->Control Structures");
+
+            // If statements are c-like
+            int j = 10;
+            if (j == 10)
+            {
+                Console.WriteLine("I get printed");
+            }
+            else if (j > 10)
+            {
+                Console.WriteLine("I don't");
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                Console.WriteLine("I also don't");
+            }
+
+            // Ternary operators
+            // A simple if/else can be written as follows
+            // <condition> ? <true> : <false>
+            string isTrue = (true) ? "True" : "False";
+            Console.WriteLine("Ternary demo: " + isTrue);
+
+
+            // While loop
+            int fooWhile = 0;
+            while (fooWhile < 100)
+            {
+                //Console.WriteLine(fooWhile);
+                //Increment the counter
+                //Iterated 99 times, fooWhile 0->99
+                fooWhile++;
+            }
+            Console.WriteLine("fooWhile Value: " + fooWhile);
+
+            // Do While Loop
+            int fooDoWhile = 0;
+            do
+            {
+                //Console.WriteLine(fooDoWhile);
+                //Increment the counter
+                //Iterated 99 times, fooDoWhile 0->99
+                fooDoWhile++;
+            } while (fooDoWhile < 100);
+            Console.WriteLine("fooDoWhile Value: " + fooDoWhile);
+
+            // For Loop
+            int fooFor;
+            //for loop structure => for(<start_statement>; <conditional>; <step>)
+            for (fooFor = 0; fooFor < 10; fooFor++)
+            {
+                //Console.WriteLine(fooFor);
+                //Iterated 10 times, fooFor 0->9
+            }
+            Console.WriteLine("fooFor Value: " + fooFor);
+
+            // Switch Case
+            // A switch works with the byte, short, char, and int data types.
+            // It also works with enumerated types (discussed in Enum Types),
+            // the String class, and a few special classes that wrap
+            // primitive types: Character, Byte, Short, and Integer.
+            int month = 3;
+            string monthString;
+            switch (month)
+            {
+                case 1:
+                    monthString = "January";
+                    break;
+                case 2:
+                    monthString = "February";
+                    break;
+                case 3:
+                    monthString = "March";
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    monthString = "Some other month";
+                    break;
+            }
+            Console.WriteLine("Switch Case Result: " + monthString);
+
+
+            ///////////////////////////////////////
+            // Converting Data Types And Typcasting
+            ///////////////////////////////////////
+
+            // Converting data
+
+            // Convert String To Integer
+            // this will throw an Exception on failure
+            int.Parse("123");//returns an integer version of "123"
+
+            // try parse will default to type default on failure
+            // in this case: 0
+            int tryInt;
+            int.TryParse("123", out tryInt);
+
+            // Convert Integer To String
+            // Convert class has a number of methods to facilitate conversions
+            Convert.ToString(123);
+
+            ///////////////////////////////////////
+            // Classes And Functions
+            ///////////////////////////////////////
+
+            Console.WriteLine("\n->Classes & Functions");
+
+            // (definition of the Bicycle class follows)
+
+            // Use new to instantiate a class
+            Bicycle trek = new Bicycle();
+
+            // Call object methods
+            trek.speedUp(3); // You should always use setter and getter methods
+            trek.setCadence(100);
+
+            // ToString is a convention to display the value of this Object.
+            Console.WriteLine("trek info: " + trek.ToString());
+
+            // Instantiate another new Bicycle
+            Bicycle octo = new Bicycle(5, 10);
+            Console.WriteLine("octo info: " + octo.ToString());
+
+            // Instantiate a new Penny Farthing
+            PennyFarthing funbike = new PennyFarthing(1, 10);
+            Console.WriteLine("funbike info: " + funbike.ToString());
+
+            Console.Read();
+        } // End main method
+
+
+    } // End LearnCSharp class
+
+    // You can include other classes in a .cs file
+
+
+    // Class Declaration Syntax:
+    // <public/private/protected> class <class name>{
+    //    //data fields, constructors, functions all inside.
+    //    //functions are called as methods in Java.
+    // }
+
+    public class Bicycle
+    {
+        // Bicycle's Fields/Variables
+        public int cadence; // Public: Can be accessed from anywhere
+        private int _speed;  // Private: Only accessible from within the class
+        protected int gear; // Protected: Accessible from the class and subclasses
+        internal int wheels; // Internal: Accessible from within the assembly
+        string name; // default: Only accessible from within this class
+
+        // readonly values are set at run time
+        // they can only be assigned upon declaration or in a constructor
+        readonly bool hasCardsInSpokes = false; // read-only private
+
+        // Constructors are a way of creating classes
+        // This is a default constructor
+        public Bicycle()
+        {
+            gear = 1;
+            cadence = 50;
+            _speed = 5;
+            name = "Bontrager";
+        }
+
+        // This is a specified constructor (it contains arguments)
+        public Bicycle(int startCadence, int startSpeed, int startGear,
+                       string name, bool hasCardsInSpokes)
+        {
+            this.gear = startGear;
+            this.cadence = startCadence;
+            this._speed = startSpeed;
+            this.name = name;
+            this.hasCardsInSpokes = hasCardsInSpokes;
+        }
+
+        // Constructors can be chained
+        public Bicycle(int startCadence, int startSpeed) :
+            this(startCadence, startSpeed, 0, "big wheels", true)
+        {
+        }
+
+        // Function Syntax:
+        // <public/private/protected> <return type> <function name>(<args>)
+
+        // classes can implement getters and setters for their fields
+        // or they can implement properties
+
+        // Method declaration syntax:
+        // <scope> <return type> <method name>(<args>)
+        public int getCadence()
+        {
+            return cadence;
+        }
+
+        // void methods require no return statement
+        public void setCadence(int newValue)
+        {
+            cadence = newValue;
+        }
+
+        // virtual keyword indicates this method can be overridden
+        public virtual void setGear(int newValue)
+        {
+            gear = newValue;
+        }
+
+        public void speedUp(int increment)
+        {
+            _speed += increment;
+        }
+
+        public void slowDown(int decrement)
+        {
+            _speed -= decrement;
+        }
+
+        // properties get/set values
+        // when only data needs to be accessed, consider using properties.
+        // properties may have either get or set, or both
+        private bool _hasTassles; // private variable
+        public bool hasTassles // public accessor
+        {
+            get { return _hasTassles; }
+            set { _hasTassles = value; }
+        }
+
+        private int _frameSize;
+        public int FrameSize
+        {
+            get { return _frameSize; }
+            // you are able to specify access modifiers for either get or set
+            // this means only Bicycle class can call set on Framesize
+            private set { _frameSize = value; }
+        }
+
+        //Method to display the attribute values of this Object.
+        public override string ToString()
+        {
+            return "gear: " + gear +
+                    " cadence: " + cadence +
+                    " speed: " + _speed +
+                    " name: " + name +
+                    " cards in spokes: " + (hasCardsInSpokes ? "yes" : "no") +
+                    "\n------------------------------\n"
+                    ;
+        }
+    } // end class Bicycle
+
+    // PennyFarthing is a subclass of Bicycle
+    class PennyFarthing : Bicycle
+    {
+        // (Penny Farthings are those bicycles with the big front wheel.
+        // They have no gears.)
+
+        // calling parent constructor
+        public PennyFarthing(int startCadence, int startSpeed) :
+            base(startCadence, startSpeed, 0, "PennyFarthing", true)
+        {
+        }
+
+        public override void setGear(int gear)
+        {
+            gear = 0;
+        }
+    }
 } // End Namespace
 
 ```
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