From 8b2eff3f0bf3622faeb2e0346a22470a7131bed2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: kedaio Date: Tue, 7 Jun 2016 00:16:38 -0400 Subject: start translation for zfs - lang zh-cn first para translated. commit to see if this mess up the format. --- zh-cn/zfs-cn.html.markdown | 400 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 400 insertions(+) create mode 100644 zh-cn/zfs-cn.html.markdown diff --git a/zh-cn/zfs-cn.html.markdown b/zh-cn/zfs-cn.html.markdown new file mode 100644 index 00000000..bb80e369 --- /dev/null +++ b/zh-cn/zfs-cn.html.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,400 @@ +--- +category: tool +tool: zfs +contributors: + - ["sarlalian", "http://github.com/sarlalian"] +translators: + - ["Alan Cheng", "https://github.com/kedaio"] +filename: LearnZfs-cn.txt +lang: zh-cn +--- + +[ZFS](http://open-zfs.org/wiki/Main_Page) +是对存储相关技术重新思考的结果，它把传统的文件系统和卷管理器集成到一个工具当中. +ZFS有一些特有的术语，这把它和传统的存储系统区分开来。但它有很多功能聚焦于可用性。 + + +## ZFS概念 + +### 虚拟设备（Virtual Devices） + +A VDEV is similar to a raid device presented by a RAID card, there are several different +types of VDEV's that offer various advantages, including redundancy and speed. In general +VDEV's offer better reliability and safety than a RAID card. It is discouraged to use a +RAID setup with ZFS, as ZFS expects to directly manage the underlying disks. + +Types of VDEV's +* stripe (a single disk, no redundancy) +* mirror (n-way mirrors supported) +* raidz + * raidz1 (1-disk parity, similar to RAID 5) + * raidz2 (2-disk parity, similar to RAID 6) + * raidz3 (3-disk parity, no RAID analog) +* disk +* file (not recommended for production due to another filesystem adding unnecessary layering) + +Your data is striped across all the VDEV's present in your Storage Pool, so more VDEV's will +increase your IOPS. + +### Storage Pools + +ZFS uses Storage Pools as an abstraction over the lower level storage provider (VDEV), allow +you to separate the user visible file system from the physical layout. + +### ZFS Dataset + +ZFS datasets are analogous to traditional filesystems but with many more features. They +provide many of ZFS's advantages. Datasets support [Copy on Write](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copy-on-write) +snapshots, quota's, compression and de-duplication. + + +### Limits + +One directory may contain up to 2^48 files, up to 16 exabytes each. A single storage pool +can contain up to 256 zettabytes (2^78) of space, and can be striped across 2^64 devices. A +single host can have 2^64 storage pools. The limits are huge. + + +## Commands + +### Storage Pools + +Actions: +* List +* Status +* Destroy +* Get/Set properties + +List zpools + +```bash +# Create a raidz zpool +$ zpool create bucket raidz1 gpt/zfs0 gpt/zfs1 gpt/zfs2 + +# List ZPools +$ zpool list +NAME SIZE ALLOC FREE EXPANDSZ FRAG CAP DEDUP HEALTH ALTROOT +zroot 141G 106G 35.2G - 43% 75% 1.00x ONLINE - + +# List detailed information about a specific zpool +$ zpool list -v zroot +NAME SIZE ALLOC FREE EXPANDSZ FRAG CAP DEDUP HEALTH ALTROOT +zroot 141G 106G 35.2G - 43% 75% 1.00x ONLINE - + gptid/c92a5ccf-a5bb-11e4-a77d-001b2172c655 141G 106G 35.2G - 43% 75% +``` + +Status of zpools + +```bash +# Get status information about zpools +$ zpool status + pool: zroot + state: ONLINE + scan: scrub repaired 0 in 2h51m with 0 errors on Thu Oct 1 07:08:31 2015 +config: + + NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM + zroot ONLINE 0 0 0 + gptid/c92a5ccf-a5bb-11e4-a77d-001b2172c655 ONLINE 0 0 0 + +errors: No known data errors + +# Scrubbing a zpool to correct any errors +$ zpool scrub zroot +$ zpool status -v zroot + pool: zroot + state: ONLINE + scan: scrub in progress since Thu Oct 15 16:59:14 2015 + 39.1M scanned out of 106G at 1.45M/s, 20h47m to go + 0 repaired, 0.04% done +config: + + NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM + zroot ONLINE 0 0 0 + gptid/c92a5ccf-a5bb-11e4-a77d-001b2172c655 ONLINE 0 0 0 + +errors: No known data errors +``` + +Properties of zpools + +```bash + +# Getting properties from the pool properties can be user set or system provided. +$ zpool get all zroot +NAME PROPERTY VALUE SOURCE +zroot size 141G - +zroot capacity 75% - +zroot altroot - default +zroot health ONLINE - +... + +# Setting a zpool property +$ zpool set comment="Storage of mah stuff" zroot +$ zpool get comment +NAME PROPERTY VALUE SOURCE +tank comment - default +zroot comment Storage of mah stuff local +``` + +Remove zpool + +```bash +$ zpool destroy test +``` + + +### Datasets + +Actions: +* Create +* List +* Rename +* Delete +* Get/Set properties + +Create datasets + +```bash +# Create dataset +$ zfs create tank/root/data +$ mount | grep data +tank/root/data on /data (zfs, local, nfsv4acls) + +# Create child dataset +$ zfs create tank/root/data/stuff +$ mount | grep data +tank/root/data on /data (zfs, local, nfsv4acls) +tank/root/data/stuff on /data/stuff (zfs, local, nfsv4acls) + + +# Create Volume +$ zfs create -V zroot/win_vm +$ zfs list zroot/win_vm +NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT +tank/win_vm 4.13G 17.9G 64K - +``` + +List datasets + +```bash +# List all datasets +$ zfs list +NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT +zroot 106G 30.8G 144K none +zroot/ROOT 18.5G 30.8G 144K none +zroot/ROOT/10.1 8K 30.8G 9.63G / +zroot/ROOT/default 18.5G 30.8G 11.2G / +zroot/backup 5.23G 30.8G 144K none +zroot/home 288K 30.8G 144K none +... + +# List a specific dataset +$ zfs list zroot/home +NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT +zroot/home 288K 30.8G 144K none + +# List snapshots +$ zfs list -t snapshot +zroot@daily-2015-10-15 0 - 144K - +zroot/ROOT@daily-2015-10-15 0 - 144K - +zroot/ROOT/default@daily-2015-10-15 0 - 24.2G - +zroot/tmp@daily-2015-10-15 124K - 708M - +zroot/usr@daily-2015-10-15 0 - 144K - +zroot/home@daily-2015-10-15 0 - 11.9G - +zroot/var@daily-2015-10-15 704K - 1.42G - +zroot/var/log@daily-2015-10-15 192K - 828K - +zroot/var/tmp@daily-2015-10-15 0 - 152K - +``` + +Rename datasets + +```bash +$ zfs rename tank/root/home tank/root/old_home +$ zfs rename tank/root/new_home tank/root/home +``` + +Delete dataset + +```bash +# Datasets cannot be deleted if they have any snapshots +zfs destroy tank/root/home +``` + +Get / set properties of a dataset + +```bash +# Get all properties +$ zfs get all zroot/usr/home │157 # Create Volume +NAME PROPERTY VALUE SOURCE │158 $ zfs create -V zroot/win_vm +zroot/home type filesystem - │159 $ zfs list zroot/win_vm +zroot/home creation Mon Oct 20 14:44 2014 - │160 NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT +zroot/home used 11.9G - │161 tank/win_vm 4.13G 17.9G 64K - +zroot/home available 94.1G - │162 ``` +zroot/home referenced 11.9G - │163 +zroot/home mounted yes - +... + +# Get property from dataset +$ zfs get compression zroot/usr/home +NAME PROPERTY VALUE SOURCE +zroot/home compression off default + +# Set property on dataset +$ zfs set compression=gzip-9 mypool/lamb + +# Get a set of properties from all datasets +$ zfs list -o name,quota,reservation +NAME QUOTA RESERV +zroot none none +zroot/ROOT none none +zroot/ROOT/default none none +zroot/tmp none none +zroot/usr none none +zroot/home none none +zroot/var none none +... +``` + + +### Snapshots + +ZFS snapshots are one of the things about zfs that are a really big deal + +* The space they take up is equal to the difference in data between the filesystem and its snapshot +* Creation time is only seconds +* Recovery is as fast as you can write data. +* They are easy to automate. + +Actions: +* Create +* Delete +* Rename +* Access snapshots +* Send / Receive +* Clone + + +Create snapshots + +```bash +# Create a snapshot of a single dataset +zfs snapshot tank/home/sarlalian@now + +# Create a snapshot of a dataset and its children +$ zfs snapshot -r tank/home@now +$ zfs list -t snapshot +NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT +tank/home@now 0 - 26K - +tank/home/sarlalian@now 0 - 259M - +tank/home/alice@now 0 - 156M - +tank/home/bob@now 0 - 156M - +... + +Destroy snapshots + +```bash +# How to destroy a snapshot +$ zfs destroy tank/home/sarlalian@now + +# Delete a snapshot on a parent dataset and its children +$ zfs destroy -r tank/home/sarlalian@now + +``` + +Renaming Snapshots + +```bash +# Rename a snapshot +$ zfs rename tank/home/sarlalian@now tank/home/sarlalian@today +$ zfs rename tank/home/sarlalian@now today + +# zfs rename -r tank/home@now @yesterday +``` + +Accessing snapshots + +```bash +# CD Into a snapshot directory +$ cd /home/.zfs/snapshot/ +``` + +Sending and Receiving + +```bash +# Backup a snapshot to a file +$ zfs send tank/home/sarlalian@now | gzip > backup_file.gz + +# Send a snapshot to another dataset +$ zfs send tank/home/sarlalian@now | zfs recv backups/home/sarlalian + +# Send a snapshot to a remote host +$ zfs send tank/home/sarlalian@now | ssh root@backup_server 'zfs recv tank/home/sarlalian' + +# Send full dataset with snapshos to new host +$ zfs send -v -R tank/home@now | ssh root@backup_server 'zfs recv tank/home' +``` + +Cloneing Snapshots + +```bash +# Clone a snapshot +$ zfs clone tank/home/sarlalian@now tank/home/sarlalian_new + +# Promoting the clone so it is no longer dependent on the snapshot +$ zfs promote tank/home/sarlalian_new +``` + +### Putting it all together + +This following a script utilizing FreeBSD, jails and ZFS to automate +provisioning a clean copy of a mysql staging database from a live replication +slave. + +```bash +#!/bin/sh + +echo "==== Stopping the staging database server ====" +jail -r staging + +echo "==== Cleaning up existing staging server and snapshot ====" +zfs destroy -r zroot/jails/staging +zfs destroy zroot/jails/slave@staging + +echo "==== Quiescing the slave database ====" +echo "FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK;" | /usr/local/bin/mysql -u root -pmyrootpassword -h slave + +echo "==== Snapshotting the slave db filesystem as zroot/jails/slave@staging ====" +zfs snapshot zroot/jails/slave@staging + +echo "==== Starting the slave database server ====" +jail -c slave + +echo "==== Cloning the slave snapshot to the staging server ====" +zfs clone zroot/jails/slave@staging zroot/jails/staging + +echo "==== Installing the staging mysql config ====" +mv /jails/staging/usr/local/etc/my.cnf /jails/staging/usr/local/etc/my.cnf.slave +cp /jails/staging/usr/local/etc/my.cnf.staging /jails/staging/usr/local/etc/my.cnf + +echo "==== Setting up the staging rc.conf file ====" +mv /jails/staging/etc/rc.conf.local /jails/staging/etc/rc.conf.slave +mv /jails/staging/etc/rc.conf.staging /jails/staging/etc/rc.conf.local + +echo "==== Starting the staging db server ====" +jail -c staging + +echo "==== Makes the staging database not pull from the master ====" +echo "STOP SLAVE;" | /usr/local/bin/mysql -u root -pmyrootpassword -h staging +echo "RESET SLAVE;" | /usr/local/bin/mysql -u root -pmyrootpassword -h staging +``` + + +### Additional Reading + +* [BSDNow's Crash Course on ZFS](http://www.bsdnow.tv/tutorials/zfs) +* [FreeBSD Handbook on ZFS](https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/zfs.html) +* [BSDNow's Crash Course on ZFS](http://www.bsdnow.tv/tutorials/zfs) +* [Oracle's Tuning Guide](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/articles/servers-storage-admin/sto-recommended-zfs-settings-1951715.html) +* [OpenZFS Tuning Guide](http://open-zfs.org/wiki/Performance_tuning) +* [FreeBSD ZFS Tuning Guide](https://wiki.freebsd.org/ZFSTuningGuide) -- cgit v1.2.3 From c4077317b378547902e88d5a9dab4ee1f5417a99 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: kedaio Date: Tue, 7 Jun 2016 03:38:55 -0400 Subject: Update zfs-cn.html.markdown completed translation --- zh-cn/zfs-cn.html.markdown | 194 ++++++++++++++++++++++----------------------- 1 file changed, 96 insertions(+), 98 deletions(-) diff --git a/zh-cn/zfs-cn.html.markdown b/zh-cn/zfs-cn.html.markdown index bb80e369..2e9321a4 100644 --- a/zh-cn/zfs-cn.html.markdown +++ b/zh-cn/zfs-cn.html.markdown @@ -16,59 +16,57 @@ ZFS有一些特有的术语，这把它和传统的存储系统区分开来。 ## ZFS概念 -### 虚拟设备（Virtual Devices） +### 虚拟设备（Virtual Devices，VDEV） -A VDEV is similar to a raid device presented by a RAID card, there are several different -types of VDEV's that offer various advantages, including redundancy and speed. In general -VDEV's offer better reliability and safety than a RAID card. It is discouraged to use a -RAID setup with ZFS, as ZFS expects to directly manage the underlying disks. +对于操作系统来说，VDEA和传统的RAID阵列卡所呈现的rai设备类似。VDEV有几种不同的类型，每种类型 +都有自己的优势，包括冗余和速度。一般来说，VDEV的可靠性和安全性比阵列卡要好。因此使用ZFS时不 +建议使用阵列卡。让ZFS直接管理磁盘。 -Types of VDEV's -* stripe (a single disk, no redundancy) -* mirror (n-way mirrors supported) +VDEV的类型 +* stripe (条带。单个磁盘，没有冗余) +* mirror (镜像。支持n-wa镜像) * raidz - * raidz1 (1-disk parity, similar to RAID 5) - * raidz2 (2-disk parity, similar to RAID 6) - * raidz3 (3-disk parity, no RAID analog) -* disk -* file (not recommended for production due to another filesystem adding unnecessary layering) + * raidz1 (一个奇偶校验磁盘, 类似于RAID 5) + * raidz2 (两个奇偶校验磁盘, 类似于RAID 6) + * raidz3 (三个奇偶校验磁盘, 没有类似RAID等级) +* disk （磁盘） +* file (文件。不推荐在生产环境中使用，因为中间又多了一层不必要的文件系统) -Your data is striped across all the VDEV's present in your Storage Pool, so more VDEV's will -increase your IOPS. +数据会以条带方式存储于存储池中的所有VDE上。因此一个存储池中的VDEV越多，IOPS就越高。 -### Storage Pools +### storage pool （存储池） -ZFS uses Storage Pools as an abstraction over the lower level storage provider (VDEV), allow -you to separate the user visible file system from the physical layout. +ZFS 使用存储池来作为底层存储提供者（VDEV）的抽象。这样可以把用户可见的文件系统和底层的物理磁盘 +布局分离开来。 -### ZFS Dataset +### ZFS 数据集（Dataset） -ZFS datasets are analogous to traditional filesystems but with many more features. They -provide many of ZFS's advantages. Datasets support [Copy on Write](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copy-on-write) -snapshots, quota's, compression and de-duplication. +ZFS 数据集类似于传统的文件系统（译者注：或者说是目录），但是提供了更多的功能。ZFS的很多优势也是 +在这一层体现出来的。数据集支持 [Copy on Write](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copy-on-write) +快照, 配额, 压缩和重复消除（de-duplication）. -### Limits +### 限制 -One directory may contain up to 2^48 files, up to 16 exabytes each. A single storage pool -can contain up to 256 zettabytes (2^78) of space, and can be striped across 2^64 devices. A -single host can have 2^64 storage pools. The limits are huge. +一个目录最多可包含 2^48个文件, 每个文件最大可以是16 exabytes. 一个存储池最大可包含256 zettabytes 、 +(2^78) 的空间, 可以条带化地分布于2^64 设备上. 单一主机最多可以创建2^64个存储池。这些限制可以说是相 +当大。 -## Commands +## 命令 -### Storage Pools +### 存储池 -Actions: -* List -* Status -* Destroy -* Get/Set properties +Actions: （存储池操作） +* List （列举） +* Status （查看状态） +* Destroy （删除） +* Get/Set properties （获取/设置属性） -List zpools +List zpools （列举存储池（也叫zpool）） ```bash -# Create a raidz zpool +# Create a raidz zpool （创建一个raidz类型的存储池） $ zpool create bucket raidz1 gpt/zfs0 gpt/zfs1 gpt/zfs2 # List ZPools @@ -76,17 +74,17 @@ $ zpool list NAME SIZE ALLOC FREE EXPANDSZ FRAG CAP DEDUP HEALTH ALTROOT zroot 141G 106G 35.2G - 43% 75% 1.00x ONLINE - -# List detailed information about a specific zpool +# List detailed information about a specific zpool （列出某一存储池的详细信息） $ zpool list -v zroot NAME SIZE ALLOC FREE EXPANDSZ FRAG CAP DEDUP HEALTH ALTROOT zroot 141G 106G 35.2G - 43% 75% 1.00x ONLINE - gptid/c92a5ccf-a5bb-11e4-a77d-001b2172c655 141G 106G 35.2G - 43% 75% ``` -Status of zpools +Status of zpools （存储池状态） ```bash -# Get status information about zpools +# Get status information about zpools （获取全部zpool信息） $ zpool status pool: zroot state: ONLINE @@ -99,7 +97,7 @@ config: errors: No known data errors -# Scrubbing a zpool to correct any errors +# Scrubbing a zpool to correct any errors （用scrub来更正存储池错误信息） $ zpool scrub zroot $ zpool status -v zroot pool: zroot @@ -116,11 +114,12 @@ config: errors: No known data errors ``` -Properties of zpools +Properties of zpools （存储池属性） ```bash # Getting properties from the pool properties can be user set or system provided. +# （获取zroot存储池的全部属性） $ zpool get all zroot NAME PROPERTY VALUE SOURCE zroot size 141G - @@ -129,7 +128,7 @@ zroot altroot - default zroot health ONLINE - ... -# Setting a zpool property +# Setting a zpool property （设置存储池属性，下例蛇这的是commen备注属性） $ zpool set comment="Storage of mah stuff" zroot $ zpool get comment NAME PROPERTY VALUE SOURCE @@ -137,48 +136,48 @@ tank comment - default zroot comment Storage of mah stuff local ``` -Remove zpool +Remove zpool （删除存储池） ```bash $ zpool destroy test ``` -### Datasets +### Datasets （数据集） -Actions: -* Create -* List -* Rename -* Delete -* Get/Set properties +Actions: （数据集相关操作） +* Create （创建） +* List （列举） +* Rename （重命名） +* Delete （删除） +* Get/Set properties （获取/设置属性） Create datasets ```bash -# Create dataset +# Create dataset （创建数据集） $ zfs create tank/root/data $ mount | grep data tank/root/data on /data (zfs, local, nfsv4acls) -# Create child dataset +# Create child dataset （创建子数据集） $ zfs create tank/root/data/stuff $ mount | grep data tank/root/data on /data (zfs, local, nfsv4acls) tank/root/data/stuff on /data/stuff (zfs, local, nfsv4acls) -# Create Volume +# Create Volume （创建卷） $ zfs create -V zroot/win_vm $ zfs list zroot/win_vm NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT tank/win_vm 4.13G 17.9G 64K - ``` -List datasets +List datasets （列举数据集） ```bash -# List all datasets +# List all datasets （列举所有数据集） $ zfs list NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT zroot 106G 30.8G 144K none @@ -189,12 +188,12 @@ zroot/backup 5.23G zroot/home 288K 30.8G 144K none ... -# List a specific dataset +# List a specific dataset （列举某一数据集） $ zfs list zroot/home NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT zroot/home 288K 30.8G 144K none -# List snapshots +# List snapshots （列举快照） $ zfs list -t snapshot zroot@daily-2015-10-15 0 - 144K - zroot/ROOT@daily-2015-10-15 0 - 144K - @@ -207,24 +206,24 @@ zroot/var/log@daily-2015-10-15 zroot/var/tmp@daily-2015-10-15 0 - 152K - ``` -Rename datasets +Rename datasets （重命名数据集） ```bash $ zfs rename tank/root/home tank/root/old_home $ zfs rename tank/root/new_home tank/root/home ``` -Delete dataset +Delete dataset （删除数据集） ```bash -# Datasets cannot be deleted if they have any snapshots +# Datasets cannot be deleted if they have any snapshots （数据集如果有快照则无法删除） zfs destroy tank/root/home ``` -Get / set properties of a dataset +Get / set properties of a dataset （获取/设置数据集属性） ```bash -# Get all properties +# Get all properties （获取全部属性） $ zfs get all zroot/usr/home │157 # Create Volume NAME PROPERTY VALUE SOURCE │158 $ zfs create -V zroot/win_vm zroot/home type filesystem - │159 $ zfs list zroot/win_vm @@ -235,15 +234,15 @@ zroot/home referenced 11.9G - zroot/home mounted yes - ... -# Get property from dataset +# Get property from dataset （获取数据集属性） $ zfs get compression zroot/usr/home NAME PROPERTY VALUE SOURCE zroot/home compression off default -# Set property on dataset +# Set property on dataset （设置压缩属性compressio） $ zfs set compression=gzip-9 mypool/lamb -# Get a set of properties from all datasets +# Get a set of properties from all datasets （列举所有数据集的名称，配额和预留属性） $ zfs list -o name,quota,reservation NAME QUOTA RESERV zroot none none @@ -257,31 +256,31 @@ zroot/var none none ``` -### Snapshots +### Snapshots （快照） -ZFS snapshots are one of the things about zfs that are a really big deal +快照是ZFS 的一个非常重要的功能 -* The space they take up is equal to the difference in data between the filesystem and its snapshot -* Creation time is only seconds -* Recovery is as fast as you can write data. -* They are easy to automate. +* 快照占用的空间等于它和原始数据的差异量 +* 创建时间以秒计 +* 恢复时间和写入速度相同 +* 易于自动化 -Actions: -* Create -* Delete -* Rename -* Access snapshots -* Send / Receive -* Clone +Actions: （快照相关操作） +* Create （创建） +* Delete （删除） +* Rename （重命名） +* Access snapshots （访问） +* Send / Receive （发送/接收） +* Clone （克隆） -Create snapshots +Create snapshots （创建快照） ```bash -# Create a snapshot of a single dataset +# Create a snapshot of a single dataset （为单一数据集创建快照） zfs snapshot tank/home/sarlalian@now -# Create a snapshot of a dataset and its children +# Create a snapshot of a dataset and its children （为数据集及其子集创建快照） $ zfs snapshot -r tank/home@now $ zfs list -t snapshot NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT @@ -291,65 +290,64 @@ tank/home/alice@now 0 - 156M - tank/home/bob@now 0 - 156M - ... -Destroy snapshots +Destroy snapshots （删除快照） ```bash -# How to destroy a snapshot +# How to destroy a snapshot （如何删除） $ zfs destroy tank/home/sarlalian@now -# Delete a snapshot on a parent dataset and its children +# Delete a snapshot on a parent dataset and its children （删除某一数据集及其子集的快照） $ zfs destroy -r tank/home/sarlalian@now ``` -Renaming Snapshots +Renaming Snapshots （重命名） ```bash -# Rename a snapshot +# Rename a snapshot （重命名快照，示例） $ zfs rename tank/home/sarlalian@now tank/home/sarlalian@today $ zfs rename tank/home/sarlalian@now today # zfs rename -r tank/home@now @yesterday ``` -Accessing snapshots +Accessing snapshots （访问快照） ```bash -# CD Into a snapshot directory +# CD Into a snapshot directory （cd进入一个快照目录） $ cd /home/.zfs/snapshot/ ``` Sending and Receiving ```bash -# Backup a snapshot to a file +# Backup a snapshot to a file （备份快照到一个文件） $ zfs send tank/home/sarlalian@now | gzip > backup_file.gz -# Send a snapshot to another dataset +# Send a snapshot to another dataset （发送快照到另一个数据集） $ zfs send tank/home/sarlalian@now | zfs recv backups/home/sarlalian -# Send a snapshot to a remote host +# Send a snapshot to a remote host （发送快照到一个远程主机） $ zfs send tank/home/sarlalian@now | ssh root@backup_server 'zfs recv tank/home/sarlalian' -# Send full dataset with snapshos to new host +# Send full dataset with snapshos to new host （发送数据集及其快照到一个新主机） $ zfs send -v -R tank/home@now | ssh root@backup_server 'zfs recv tank/home' ``` -Cloneing Snapshots +Cloneing Snapshots （克隆快照） ```bash # Clone a snapshot $ zfs clone tank/home/sarlalian@now tank/home/sarlalian_new -# Promoting the clone so it is no longer dependent on the snapshot +# Promoting the clone so it is no longer dependent on the snapshot（提升克隆，让它不再依赖原始数据） $ zfs promote tank/home/sarlalian_new ``` -### Putting it all together +### Putting it all together （汇总） -This following a script utilizing FreeBSD, jails and ZFS to automate -provisioning a clean copy of a mysql staging database from a live replication -slave. +下面这个脚本使用了FreeBSD, jails和ZFS，来自动在一个mysql群集的热备主机上为一个mysq staging数据库 +创建一份纯净的拷贝。 ```bash #!/bin/sh @@ -390,7 +388,7 @@ echo "RESET SLAVE;" | /usr/local/bin/mysql -u root -pmyrootpassword -h staging ``` -### Additional Reading +### Additional Reading （延伸阅读） * [BSDNow's Crash Course on ZFS](http://www.bsdnow.tv/tutorials/zfs) * [FreeBSD Handbook on ZFS](https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/zfs.html) -- cgit v1.2.3 From 18a78a7aae5c8a6172777c92f5470a00258cbe36 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: kedaio Date: Tue, 7 Jun 2016 03:44:37 -0400 Subject: Update zfs-cn.html.markdown added remark on what is zfs clone --- zh-cn/zfs-cn.html.markdown | 6 +++--- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/zh-cn/zfs-cn.html.markdown b/zh-cn/zfs-cn.html.markdown index 2e9321a4..3680678e 100644 --- a/zh-cn/zfs-cn.html.markdown +++ b/zh-cn/zfs-cn.html.markdown @@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ zroot altroot - default zroot health ONLINE - ... -# Setting a zpool property （设置存储池属性，下例蛇这的是commen备注属性） +# Setting a zpool property （设置存储池属性，下例这是设置commen备注属性） $ zpool set comment="Storage of mah stuff" zroot $ zpool get comment NAME PROPERTY VALUE SOURCE @@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ $ zfs get compression zroot/usr/home NAME PROPERTY VALUE SOURCE zroot/home compression off default -# Set property on dataset （设置压缩属性compressio） +# Set property on dataset （设置压缩属性compression） $ zfs set compression=gzip-9 mypool/lamb # Get a set of properties from all datasets （列举所有数据集的名称，配额和预留属性） @@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ Actions: （快照相关操作） * Rename （重命名） * Access snapshots （访问） * Send / Receive （发送/接收） -* Clone （克隆） +* Clone （克隆。译者注：关于clone和快照的区别可参看[这里](http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19253-01/819-5461/gbcxz/index.html)） Create snapshots （创建快照） -- cgit v1.2.3 From 0a93da20009c51e28b2d12a142f06aaa680a231f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: kedaio Date: Tue, 7 Jun 2016 09:57:17 -0400 Subject: update according to reviewer feedback updated translation according to reviewer's feedback --- zh-cn/zfs-cn.html.markdown | 75 +++++++++++++++++++++++----------------------- 1 file changed, 37 insertions(+), 38 deletions(-) diff --git a/zh-cn/zfs-cn.html.markdown b/zh-cn/zfs-cn.html.markdown index 3680678e..fdf5277e 100644 --- a/zh-cn/zfs-cn.html.markdown +++ b/zh-cn/zfs-cn.html.markdown @@ -10,21 +10,21 @@ lang: zh-cn --- [ZFS](http://open-zfs.org/wiki/Main_Page) -是对存储相关技术重新思考的结果，它把传统的文件系统和卷管理器集成到一个工具当中. -ZFS有一些特有的术语，这把它和传统的存储系统区分开来。但它有很多功能聚焦于可用性。 +是重新思考与储存相关技术的结果，它把传统的文件系统和卷管理器集成到一个工具当中. +ZFS不但有把它和传统存储系统分开来的特有术语，也有很多聚焦于可用性的功能。 ## ZFS概念 ### 虚拟设备（Virtual Devices，VDEV） -对于操作系统来说，VDEA和传统的RAID阵列卡所呈现的rai设备类似。VDEV有几种不同的类型，每种类型 +对于操作系统来说，VDEV和传统的RAID阵列卡所呈现的raid设备类似。VDEV有几种不同的类型，每种类型 都有自己的优势，包括冗余和速度。一般来说，VDEV的可靠性和安全性比阵列卡要好。因此使用ZFS时不 建议使用阵列卡。让ZFS直接管理磁盘。 VDEV的类型 * stripe (条带。单个磁盘，没有冗余) -* mirror (镜像。支持n-wa镜像) +* mirror (镜像。支持n-way镜像) * raidz * raidz1 (一个奇偶校验磁盘, 类似于RAID 5) * raidz2 (两个奇偶校验磁盘, 类似于RAID 6) @@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ VDEV的类型 * disk （磁盘） * file (文件。不推荐在生产环境中使用，因为中间又多了一层不必要的文件系统) -数据会以条带方式存储于存储池中的所有VDE上。因此一个存储池中的VDEV越多，IOPS就越高。 +数据会以条带方式存储于存储池中的所有VDEV上。因此一个存储池中的VDEV越多，IOPS就越高。 ### storage pool （存储池） @@ -66,15 +66,15 @@ Actions: （存储池操作） List zpools （列举存储池（也叫zpool）） ```bash -# Create a raidz zpool （创建一个raidz类型的存储池） +# 创建一个raidz类型的存储池(名称为bucket） $ zpool create bucket raidz1 gpt/zfs0 gpt/zfs1 gpt/zfs2 -# List ZPools +# 列出所有存储池 $ zpool list NAME SIZE ALLOC FREE EXPANDSZ FRAG CAP DEDUP HEALTH ALTROOT zroot 141G 106G 35.2G - 43% 75% 1.00x ONLINE - -# List detailed information about a specific zpool （列出某一存储池的详细信息） +# 列出某一存储池的详细信息 $ zpool list -v zroot NAME SIZE ALLOC FREE EXPANDSZ FRAG CAP DEDUP HEALTH ALTROOT zroot 141G 106G 35.2G - 43% 75% 1.00x ONLINE - @@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ zroot 141G 106G 35.2G - 43% Status of zpools （存储池状态） ```bash -# Get status information about zpools （获取全部zpool信息） +# 获取全部zpool状态信息 $ zpool status pool: zroot state: ONLINE @@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ config: errors: No known data errors -# Scrubbing a zpool to correct any errors （用scrub来更正存储池错误信息） +# 用scrub来更正存储池错误信息 $ zpool scrub zroot $ zpool status -v zroot pool: zroot @@ -118,8 +118,7 @@ Properties of zpools （存储池属性） ```bash -# Getting properties from the pool properties can be user set or system provided. -# （获取zroot存储池的全部属性） +# 获取某一存储池的全部属性。属性可能是系统提供，也可能是用户设置 $ zpool get all zroot NAME PROPERTY VALUE SOURCE zroot size 141G - @@ -128,7 +127,7 @@ zroot altroot - default zroot health ONLINE - ... -# Setting a zpool property （设置存储池属性，下例这是设置commen备注属性） +# 设置存储池属性，下例这是设置comment(备注)属性 $ zpool set comment="Storage of mah stuff" zroot $ zpool get comment NAME PROPERTY VALUE SOURCE @@ -155,19 +154,19 @@ Actions: （数据集相关操作） Create datasets ```bash -# Create dataset （创建数据集） +# 创建数据集 $ zfs create tank/root/data $ mount | grep data tank/root/data on /data (zfs, local, nfsv4acls) -# Create child dataset （创建子数据集） +# 创建子数据集 $ zfs create tank/root/data/stuff $ mount | grep data tank/root/data on /data (zfs, local, nfsv4acls) tank/root/data/stuff on /data/stuff (zfs, local, nfsv4acls) -# Create Volume （创建卷） +# 创建卷 $ zfs create -V zroot/win_vm $ zfs list zroot/win_vm NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT @@ -177,7 +176,7 @@ tank/win_vm 4.13G 17.9G 64K - List datasets （列举数据集） ```bash -# List all datasets （列举所有数据集） +# 列出所有数据集 $ zfs list NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT zroot 106G 30.8G 144K none @@ -188,12 +187,12 @@ zroot/backup 5.23G zroot/home 288K 30.8G 144K none ... -# List a specific dataset （列举某一数据集） +# 列举某一数据集的信息 $ zfs list zroot/home NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT zroot/home 288K 30.8G 144K none -# List snapshots （列举快照） +# 列出快照 $ zfs list -t snapshot zroot@daily-2015-10-15 0 - 144K - zroot/ROOT@daily-2015-10-15 0 - 144K - @@ -216,14 +215,14 @@ $ zfs rename tank/root/new_home tank/root/home Delete dataset （删除数据集） ```bash -# Datasets cannot be deleted if they have any snapshots （数据集如果有快照则无法删除） +# 数据集如果有快照则无法删除 zfs destroy tank/root/home ``` Get / set properties of a dataset （获取/设置数据集属性） ```bash -# Get all properties （获取全部属性） +# 获取数据集全部属性 $ zfs get all zroot/usr/home │157 # Create Volume NAME PROPERTY VALUE SOURCE │158 $ zfs create -V zroot/win_vm zroot/home type filesystem - │159 $ zfs list zroot/win_vm @@ -234,15 +233,15 @@ zroot/home referenced 11.9G - zroot/home mounted yes - ... -# Get property from dataset （获取数据集属性） +# 获取数据集属性 $ zfs get compression zroot/usr/home NAME PROPERTY VALUE SOURCE zroot/home compression off default -# Set property on dataset （设置压缩属性compression） +# 设置数据集属性（下例为设置压缩属性compression） $ zfs set compression=gzip-9 mypool/lamb -# Get a set of properties from all datasets （列举所有数据集的名称，配额和预留属性） +# 列举所有数据集的名称、配额和预留属性 $ zfs list -o name,quota,reservation NAME QUOTA RESERV zroot none none @@ -277,10 +276,10 @@ Actions: （快照相关操作） Create snapshots （创建快照） ```bash -# Create a snapshot of a single dataset （为单一数据集创建快照） +# 为单一数据集创建快照 zfs snapshot tank/home/sarlalian@now -# Create a snapshot of a dataset and its children （为数据集及其子集创建快照） +# 为数据集及其子集创建快照 $ zfs snapshot -r tank/home@now $ zfs list -t snapshot NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT @@ -293,10 +292,10 @@ tank/home/bob@now 0 - 156M - Destroy snapshots （删除快照） ```bash -# How to destroy a snapshot （如何删除） +# 如何删除快照 $ zfs destroy tank/home/sarlalian@now -# Delete a snapshot on a parent dataset and its children （删除某一数据集及其子集的快照） +# 删除某一数据集及其子集的快照 $ zfs destroy -r tank/home/sarlalian@now ``` @@ -304,7 +303,7 @@ $ zfs destroy -r tank/home/sarlalian@now Renaming Snapshots （重命名） ```bash -# Rename a snapshot （重命名快照，示例） +# 重命名快照 $ zfs rename tank/home/sarlalian@now tank/home/sarlalian@today $ zfs rename tank/home/sarlalian@now today @@ -314,37 +313,37 @@ $ zfs rename tank/home/sarlalian@now today Accessing snapshots （访问快照） ```bash -# CD Into a snapshot directory （cd进入一个快照目录） +# cd进入一个快照目录 $ cd /home/.zfs/snapshot/ ``` Sending and Receiving ```bash -# Backup a snapshot to a file （备份快照到一个文件） +# 备份快照到一个文件 $ zfs send tank/home/sarlalian@now | gzip > backup_file.gz -# Send a snapshot to another dataset （发送快照到另一个数据集） +# 发送快照到另一个数据集 $ zfs send tank/home/sarlalian@now | zfs recv backups/home/sarlalian -# Send a snapshot to a remote host （发送快照到一个远程主机） +# 发送快照到一个远程主机 $ zfs send tank/home/sarlalian@now | ssh root@backup_server 'zfs recv tank/home/sarlalian' -# Send full dataset with snapshos to new host （发送数据集及其快照到一个新主机） +# 发送完整数据集及其快照到一个新主机 $ zfs send -v -R tank/home@now | ssh root@backup_server 'zfs recv tank/home' ``` Cloneing Snapshots （克隆快照） ```bash -# Clone a snapshot +# 克隆一个快照 $ zfs clone tank/home/sarlalian@now tank/home/sarlalian_new -# Promoting the clone so it is no longer dependent on the snapshot（提升克隆，让它不再依赖原始数据） +# 提升克隆，让它不再依赖原始快照 $ zfs promote tank/home/sarlalian_new ``` -### Putting it all together （汇总） +### 汇总 下面这个脚本使用了FreeBSD, jails和ZFS，来自动在一个mysql群集的热备主机上为一个mysq staging数据库 创建一份纯净的拷贝。 @@ -388,7 +387,7 @@ echo "RESET SLAVE;" | /usr/local/bin/mysql -u root -pmyrootpassword -h staging ``` -### Additional Reading （延伸阅读） +### 延伸阅读 * [BSDNow's Crash Course on ZFS](http://www.bsdnow.tv/tutorials/zfs) * [FreeBSD Handbook on ZFS](https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/zfs.html) -- cgit v1.2.3