From 2dda26010ab52ecd5d54c6fa1b8701288aaaac2d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Neinei0k Date: Tue, 14 Nov 2017 19:30:57 +0000 Subject: [bash/en] Add arrays and alias --- bash.html.markdown | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 26 insertions(+) (limited to 'bash.html.markdown') diff --git a/bash.html.markdown b/bash.html.markdown index 0c097c27..3f3e49eb 100644 --- a/bash.html.markdown +++ b/bash.html.markdown @@ -83,6 +83,25 @@ echo ${Foo:-"DefaultValueIfFooIsMissingOrEmpty"} # This works for null (Foo=) and empty string (Foo=""); zero (Foo=0) returns 0. # Note that it only returns default value and doesn't change variable value. +# Declare an array with 6 elements +array0=(one two three four five six) +# Print first element +echo $array0 # => "one" +# Print first element +echo ${array0[0]} # => "one" +# Print all elements +echo ${array0[@]} # => "one two three four five six" +# Print number of elements +echo ${#array0[@]} # => "6" +# Print number of characters in third element +echo ${#array0[2]} # => "5" +# Print 2 elements starting from forth +echo ${array0[@]:3:2} # => "four five" +# Print all elements. Each of them on new line. +for i in "${array0[@]}"; do + echo "$i" +done + # Brace Expansion { } # Used to generate arbitrary strings echo {1..10} # => 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 @@ -155,6 +174,13 @@ then echo "This will run if $Name is Daniya OR Zach." fi +# Redefine command 'ping' as alias to send only 5 packets +alias ping='ping -c 5' +# Escape alias and use command with this name instead +\ping 192.168.1.1 +# Print all aliases +alias -p + # Expressions are denoted with the following format: echo $(( 10 + 5 )) # => 15 -- cgit v1.2.3 From f39df1da097f8718b375127ad04f2114c5c4e48d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Martin Nicholson Date: Tue, 16 Jan 2018 15:27:30 +0000 Subject: Added second substring example --- bash.html.markdown | 3 +++ 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+) (limited to 'bash.html.markdown') diff --git a/bash.html.markdown b/bash.html.markdown index 0c097c27..ed4fa54f 100644 --- a/bash.html.markdown +++ b/bash.html.markdown @@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ contributors: - ["Betsy Lorton", "https://github.com/schbetsy"] - ["John Detter", "https://github.com/jdetter"] - ["Harry Mumford-Turner", "https://github.com/harrymt"] + - ["Martin Nicholson", "https://github.com/mn113"] filename: LearnBash.sh --- @@ -76,6 +77,8 @@ echo ${Variable/Some/A} # => A string Length=7 echo ${Variable:0:Length} # => Some st # This will return only the first 7 characters of the value +echo ${Variable: -Length} +# This will return the last 7 characters (note the space before -Length) # Default value for variable echo ${Foo:-"DefaultValueIfFooIsMissingOrEmpty"} -- cgit v1.2.3 From 462f94b967d4814e57bb6836cfd9d13abd8f9ab7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Martin Nicholson Date: Tue, 16 Jan 2018 15:31:32 +0000 Subject: Added string length example --- bash.html.markdown | 7 +++++-- 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) (limited to 'bash.html.markdown') diff --git a/bash.html.markdown b/bash.html.markdown index ed4fa54f..fa3c5ebe 100644 --- a/bash.html.markdown +++ b/bash.html.markdown @@ -77,8 +77,11 @@ echo ${Variable/Some/A} # => A string Length=7 echo ${Variable:0:Length} # => Some st # This will return only the first 7 characters of the value -echo ${Variable: -Length} -# This will return the last 7 characters (note the space before -Length) +echo ${Variable: -5} # => tring +# This will return the last 5 characters (note the space before -5) + +# String length +echo ${#Variable} # => 11 # Default value for variable echo ${Foo:-"DefaultValueIfFooIsMissingOrEmpty"} -- cgit v1.2.3 From 8d2055483e8c0a8147414f4695a7cf3e5ede819e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Martin Nicholson Date: Tue, 16 Jan 2018 16:03:13 +0000 Subject: Added section for =~ operator --- bash.html.markdown | 10 ++++++++++ 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+) (limited to 'bash.html.markdown') diff --git a/bash.html.markdown b/bash.html.markdown index fa3c5ebe..354042ec 100644 --- a/bash.html.markdown +++ b/bash.html.markdown @@ -161,6 +161,16 @@ then echo "This will run if $Name is Daniya OR Zach." fi +# There is also the =~ operator, which tests a string against a Regex pattern: +Email=me@example.com +if [[ "$Email" =~ [a-z]+@[a-z]{2,}\.(com|net|org) ]] +then + echo "Valid email!" +fi +# Note that =~ only works within double [[ ]] square brackets, +# which are subtly different from single [ ]. +# See the appropriate [manual section](http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/bashref.html#Conditional-Constructs) for more on this. + # Expressions are denoted with the following format: echo $(( 10 + 5 )) # => 15 -- cgit v1.2.3 From e2949649f054ca069e95a05b04d99bccc30ba45d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Martin Nicholson Date: Tue, 16 Jan 2018 16:09:49 +0000 Subject: Un-markdown-ify link --- bash.html.markdown | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) (limited to 'bash.html.markdown') diff --git a/bash.html.markdown b/bash.html.markdown index 354042ec..8f141673 100644 --- a/bash.html.markdown +++ b/bash.html.markdown @@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ then fi # Note that =~ only works within double [[ ]] square brackets, # which are subtly different from single [ ]. -# See the appropriate [manual section](http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/bashref.html#Conditional-Constructs) for more on this. +# See http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/bashref.html#Conditional-Constructs for more on this. # Expressions are denoted with the following format: echo $(( 10 + 5 )) # => 15 -- cgit v1.2.3 From dbb858281a8c5948606ad3a07225915954a03953 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: kfrncs Date: Fri, 20 Jul 2018 14:38:59 -0400 Subject: missing $ on line 77 - $Length MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Maybe just a zsh quirk? ➜ ~ echo ${Variable:0:Length} zsh: unrecognized modifier --- bash.html.markdown | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) (limited to 'bash.html.markdown') diff --git a/bash.html.markdown b/bash.html.markdown index 3f3e49eb..d1e6bf25 100644 --- a/bash.html.markdown +++ b/bash.html.markdown @@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ echo ${Variable/Some/A} # => A string # Substring from a variable Length=7 -echo ${Variable:0:Length} # => Some st +echo ${Variable:0:$Length} # => Some st # This will return only the first 7 characters of the value # Default value for variable -- cgit v1.2.3 From 6f0aec01c577e44b1ea3260f786ef3527eebf204 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Aidas Bendoraitis Date: Wed, 25 Jul 2018 23:58:31 +0200 Subject: shebang updated --- bash.html.markdown | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) (limited to 'bash.html.markdown') diff --git a/bash.html.markdown b/bash.html.markdown index 3f3e49eb..f2a72fdb 100644 --- a/bash.html.markdown +++ b/bash.html.markdown @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ Nearly all examples below can be a part of a shell script or executed directly i [Read more here.](http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/bashref.html) ```bash -#!/bin/bash +#!/usr/bin/env bash # First line of the script is shebang which tells the system how to execute # the script: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shebang_(Unix) # As you already figured, comments start with #. Shebang is also a comment. -- cgit v1.2.3 From 088111396a0dff9a5dff7837e1ae74aa9314b620 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Tucker Boniface Date: Tue, 2 Oct 2018 19:19:18 -0700 Subject: [bash/en] clarify quoted delimiter for heredocs (fixes #3061) --- bash.html.markdown | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) (limited to 'bash.html.markdown') diff --git a/bash.html.markdown b/bash.html.markdown index cb805da7..1f59636e 100644 --- a/bash.html.markdown +++ b/bash.html.markdown @@ -256,6 +256,7 @@ print("#stderr", file=sys.stderr) for line in sys.stdin: print(line, file=sys.stdout) EOF +# Variables will be expanded if the first "EOF" is not quoted # Run the hello.py Python script with various stdin, stdout, and # stderr redirections: -- cgit v1.2.3 From 843626f3d30a06cc1c8b342c155a5dc8af24fbd1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Tucker Boniface Date: Tue, 2 Oct 2018 19:23:45 -0700 Subject: [bash/en] add `cd` and `cd -` uses --- bash.html.markdown | 3 +++ 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+) (limited to 'bash.html.markdown') diff --git a/bash.html.markdown b/bash.html.markdown index cb805da7..e609260f 100644 --- a/bash.html.markdown +++ b/bash.html.markdown @@ -228,10 +228,13 @@ mv s0urc3.txt dst.txt # sorry, l33t hackers... # Since bash works in the context of a current directory, you might want to # run your command in some other directory. We have cd for changing location: cd ~ # change to home directory +cd # also goes to home directory cd .. # go up one directory # (^^say, from /home/username/Downloads to /home/username) cd /home/username/Documents # change to specified directory cd ~/Documents/.. # still in home directory..isn't it?? +cd - # change to last directory +# => /home/username/Documents # Use subshells to work across directories (echo "First, I'm here: $PWD") && (cd someDir; echo "Then, I'm here: $PWD") -- cgit v1.2.3 From 9152fe00e54b51ddebaeed9929a3027547cb16a5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Tucker Boniface Date: Tue, 2 Oct 2018 19:22:56 -0700 Subject: [bash/en] clarify range of substring --- bash.html.markdown | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) (limited to 'bash.html.markdown') diff --git a/bash.html.markdown b/bash.html.markdown index cb805da7..be879538 100644 --- a/bash.html.markdown +++ b/bash.html.markdown @@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ echo ${Variable/Some/A} # => A string # Substring from a variable Length=7 echo ${Variable:0:$Length} # => Some st -# This will return only the first 7 characters of the value +# This will return 7 characters of the string, starting from the first char # Default value for variable echo ${Foo:-"DefaultValueIfFooIsMissingOrEmpty"} -- cgit v1.2.3 From 4a51a5f8797f906bd78b2b0cc2df2f01e496e7d9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Andre Polykanine Date: Mon, 24 Dec 2018 00:59:11 +0200 Subject: [bash/en] Fix line length --- bash.html.markdown | 70 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------------------- 1 file changed, 40 insertions(+), 30 deletions(-) (limited to 'bash.html.markdown') diff --git a/bash.html.markdown b/bash.html.markdown index 8c40931e..0385c46d 100644 --- a/bash.html.markdown +++ b/bash.html.markdown @@ -20,21 +20,23 @@ contributors: filename: LearnBash.sh --- -Bash is a name of the unix shell, which was also distributed as the shell for the GNU operating system and as default shell on Linux and Mac OS X. -Nearly all examples below can be a part of a shell script or executed directly in the shell. +Bash is a name of the unix shell, which was also distributed as the shell +for the GNU operating system and as default shell on Linux and Mac OS X. +Nearly all examples below can be a part of a shell script +or executed directly in the shell. [Read more here.](http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/bashref.html) ```bash #!/usr/bin/env bash -# First line of the script is shebang which tells the system how to execute +# First line of the script is the shebang which tells the system how to execute # the script: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shebang_(Unix) # As you already figured, comments start with #. Shebang is also a comment. # Simple hello world example: echo Hello world! # => Hello world! -# Each command starts on a new line, or after semicolon: +# Each command starts on a new line, or after a semicolon: echo 'This is the first line'; echo 'This is the second line' # => This is the first line # => This is the second line @@ -47,7 +49,7 @@ Variable = "Some string" # => returns error "Variable: command not found" # Bash will decide that Variable is a command it must execute and give an error # because it can't be found. -# Or like this: +# Nor like this: Variable= 'Some string' # => returns error: "Some string: command not found" # Bash will decide that 'Some string' is a command it must execute and give an # error because it can't be found. (In this case the 'Variable=' part is seen @@ -65,8 +67,9 @@ echo '$Variable' # => $Variable # Parameter expansion ${ }: echo ${Variable} # => Some string # This is a simple usage of parameter expansion -# Parameter Expansion gets a value from a variable. It "expands" or prints the value -# During the expansion time the value or parameter are able to be modified +# Parameter Expansion gets a value from a variable. +# It "expands" or prints the value +# During the expansion time the value or parameter can be modified # Below are other modifications that add onto this expansion # String substitution in variables @@ -114,8 +117,8 @@ echo {1..10} # => 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 echo {a..z} # => a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z # This will output the range from the start value to the end value -# Builtin variables: -# There are some useful builtin variables, like +# Built-in variables: +# There are some useful built-in variables, like echo "Last program's return value: $?" echo "Script's PID: $$" echo "Number of arguments passed to script: $#" @@ -127,7 +130,7 @@ echo "Script's arguments separated into different variables: $1 $2..." # Our current directory is available through the command `pwd`. # `pwd` stands for "print working directory". -# We can also use the builtin variable `$PWD`. +# We can also use the built-in variable `$PWD`. # Observe that the following are equivalent: echo "I'm in $(pwd)" # execs `pwd` and interpolates output echo "I'm in $PWD" # interpolates the variable @@ -143,7 +146,7 @@ read Name # Note that we didn't need to declare a new variable echo Hello, $Name! # We have the usual if structure: -# use 'man test' for more info about conditionals +# use `man test` for more info about conditionals if [ $Name != $USER ] then echo "Your name isn't your username" @@ -180,7 +183,7 @@ then echo "This will run if $Name is Daniya OR Zach." fi -# There is also the =~ operator, which tests a string against a Regex pattern: +# There is also the `=~` operator, which tests a string against a Regex pattern: Email=me@example.com if [[ "$Email" =~ [a-z]+@[a-z]{2,}\.(com|net|org) ]] then @@ -190,9 +193,9 @@ fi # which are subtly different from single [ ]. # See http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/bashref.html#Conditional-Constructs for more on this. -# Redefine command 'ping' as alias to send only 5 packets +# Redefine command `ping` as alias to send only 5 packets alias ping='ping -c 5' -# Escape alias and use command with this name instead +# Escape the alias and use command with this name instead \ping 192.168.1.1 # Print all aliases alias -p @@ -205,14 +208,14 @@ echo $(( 10 + 5 )) # => 15 # directory with the ls command: ls # Lists the files and subdirectories contained in the current directory -# These commands have options that control their execution: +# This command has options that control its execution: ls -l # Lists every file and directory on a separate line ls -t # Sorts the directory contents by last-modified date (descending) ls -R # Recursively `ls` this directory and all of its subdirectories # Results of the previous command can be passed to the next command as input. -# grep command filters the input with provided patterns. That's how we can list -# .txt files in the current directory: +# The `grep` command filters the input with provided patterns. +# That's how we can list .txt files in the current directory: ls -l | grep "\.txt" # Use `cat` to print files to stdout: @@ -280,10 +283,17 @@ EOF # Run the hello.py Python script with various stdin, stdout, and # stderr redirections: python hello.py < "input.in" # pass input.in as input to the script + python hello.py > "output.out" # redirect output from the script to output.out + python hello.py 2> "error.err" # redirect error output to error.err -python hello.py > "output-and-error.log" 2>&1 # redirect both output and errors to output-and-error.log -python hello.py > /dev/null 2>&1 # redirect all output and errors to the black hole, /dev/null, i.e., no output + +python hello.py > "output-and-error.log" 2>&1 +# redirect both output and errors to output-and-error.log + +python hello.py > /dev/null 2>&1 +# redirect all output and errors to the black hole, /dev/null, i.e., no output + # The output error will overwrite the file if it exists, # if you want to append instead, use ">>": python hello.py >> "output.out" 2>> "error.err" @@ -312,11 +322,11 @@ rm -r tempDir/ # recursively delete # current directory. echo "There are $(ls | wc -l) items here." -# The same can be done using backticks `` but they can't be nested - the preferred way -# is to use $( ). +# The same can be done using backticks `` but they can't be nested - +#the preferred way is to use $( ). echo "There are `ls | wc -l` items here." -# Bash uses a case statement that works similarly to switch in Java and C++: +# Bash uses a `case` statement that works similarly to switch in Java and C++: case "$Variable" in #List patterns for the conditions you want to meet 0) echo "There is a zero.";; @@ -324,7 +334,7 @@ case "$Variable" in *) echo "It is not null.";; esac -# for loops iterate for as many arguments given: +# `for` loops iterate for as many arguments given: # The contents of $Variable is printed three times. for Variable in {1..3} do @@ -345,14 +355,14 @@ done # => 3 # They can also be used to act on files.. -# This will run the command 'cat' on file1 and file2 +# This will run the command `cat` on file1 and file2 for Variable in file1 file2 do cat "$Variable" done # ..or the output from a command -# This will cat the output from ls. +# This will `cat` the output from `ls`. for Output in $(ls) do cat "$Output" @@ -432,8 +442,8 @@ grep "^foo.*bar$" file.txt | grep -v "baz" # and not the regex, use fgrep (or grep -F) fgrep "foobar" file.txt -# The trap command allows you to execute a command whenever your script -# receives a signal. Here, trap will execute `rm` if it receives any of the +# The `trap` command allows you to execute a command whenever your script +# receives a signal. Here, `trap` will execute `rm` if it receives any of the # three listed signals. trap "rm $TEMP_FILE; exit" SIGHUP SIGINT SIGTERM @@ -442,7 +452,7 @@ NAME1=$(whoami) NAME2=$(sudo whoami) echo "Was $NAME1, then became more powerful $NAME2" -# Read Bash shell builtins documentation with the bash 'help' builtin: +# Read Bash shell built-ins documentation with the bash `help` built-in: help help help help for @@ -450,12 +460,12 @@ help return help source help . -# Read Bash manpage documentation with man +# Read Bash manpage documentation with `man` apropos bash man 1 bash man bash -# Read info documentation with info (? for help) +# Read info documentation with `info` (`?` for help) apropos info | grep '^info.*(' man info info info -- cgit v1.2.3 From e8dd50b85e93f1baf0c909f2716177e052672ff5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Dimitri Kokkonis Date: Sat, 10 Aug 2019 19:56:02 +0200 Subject: [bash/gr] Translate Bash to greek (#3595) * Add greek translation for the HTML language * Correct typo in source file name * Translate Bash to greek --- bash.html.markdown | 18 ++++++++++-------- 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-) (limited to 'bash.html.markdown') diff --git a/bash.html.markdown b/bash.html.markdown index 0385c46d..856db706 100644 --- a/bash.html.markdown +++ b/bash.html.markdown @@ -11,13 +11,15 @@ contributors: - ["Rahil Momin", "https://github.com/iamrahil"] - ["Gregrory Kielian", "https://github.com/gskielian"] - ["Etan Reisner", "https://github.com/deryni"] - - ["Jonathan Wang", "https://github.com/Jonathansw"] + - ["Jonathan Wang", "https://github.com/Jonathansw"] - ["Leo Rudberg", "https://github.com/LOZORD"] - ["Betsy Lorton", "https://github.com/schbetsy"] - ["John Detter", "https://github.com/jdetter"] - ["Harry Mumford-Turner", "https://github.com/harrymt"] - ["Martin Nicholson", "https://github.com/mn113"] filename: LearnBash.sh +translators: + - ["Dimitri Kokkonis", "https://github.com/kokkonisd"] --- Bash is a name of the unix shell, which was also distributed as the shell @@ -67,7 +69,7 @@ echo '$Variable' # => $Variable # Parameter expansion ${ }: echo ${Variable} # => Some string # This is a simple usage of parameter expansion -# Parameter Expansion gets a value from a variable. +# Parameter Expansion gets a value from a variable. # It "expands" or prints the value # During the expansion time the value or parameter can be modified # Below are other modifications that add onto this expansion @@ -87,7 +89,7 @@ echo ${Variable: -5} # => tring echo ${#Variable} # => 11 # Default value for variable -echo ${Foo:-"DefaultValueIfFooIsMissingOrEmpty"} +echo ${Foo:-"DefaultValueIfFooIsMissingOrEmpty"} # => DefaultValueIfFooIsMissingOrEmpty # This works for null (Foo=) and empty string (Foo=""); zero (Foo=0) returns 0. # Note that it only returns default value and doesn't change variable value. @@ -244,7 +246,7 @@ cp -r srcDirectory/ dst/ # recursively copy # `mv` is also useful for renaming files! mv s0urc3.txt dst.txt # sorry, l33t hackers... -# Since bash works in the context of a current directory, you might want to +# Since bash works in the context of a current directory, you might want to # run your command in some other directory. We have cd for changing location: cd ~ # change to home directory cd # also goes to home directory @@ -280,7 +282,7 @@ for line in sys.stdin: EOF # Variables will be expanded if the first "EOF" is not quoted -# Run the hello.py Python script with various stdin, stdout, and +# Run the hello.py Python script with various stdin, stdout, and # stderr redirections: python hello.py < "input.in" # pass input.in as input to the script @@ -322,7 +324,7 @@ rm -r tempDir/ # recursively delete # current directory. echo "There are $(ls | wc -l) items here." -# The same can be done using backticks `` but they can't be nested - +# The same can be done using backticks `` but they can't be nested - #the preferred way is to use $( ). echo "There are `ls | wc -l` items here." @@ -442,8 +444,8 @@ grep "^foo.*bar$" file.txt | grep -v "baz" # and not the regex, use fgrep (or grep -F) fgrep "foobar" file.txt -# The `trap` command allows you to execute a command whenever your script -# receives a signal. Here, `trap` will execute `rm` if it receives any of the +# The `trap` command allows you to execute a command whenever your script +# receives a signal. Here, `trap` will execute `rm` if it receives any of the # three listed signals. trap "rm $TEMP_FILE; exit" SIGHUP SIGINT SIGTERM -- cgit v1.2.3