From e17ef8b1802c558ab9d77bd03569816dadabd750 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Irfan Charania <irfan.charania@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2013 17:54:53 -0700
Subject: Add C# Language

Based on the Java one
---
 csharp.html.markdown | 550 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 550 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 csharp.html.markdown

(limited to 'csharp.html.markdown')

diff --git a/csharp.html.markdown b/csharp.html.markdown
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d67f6c74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/csharp.html.markdown
@@ -0,0 +1,550 @@
+---
+
+language: c#
+contributors:
+    - ["Irfan Charania", "https://github.com/irfancharania"]
+filename: LearnCSharp.cs
+
+---
+
+C# is an elegant and type-safe object-oriented language that enables developers to build a variety of secure and robust applications that run on the .NET Framework.
+
+[Read more here.](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/vstudio/z1zx9t92.aspx)
+
+```c#
+// Single-line comments start with //
+/*
+Multi-line comments look like this
+*/
+/// <summary>
+/// This is an XML documentation comment
+/// </summary>
+
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+
+// defines scope to organize code into "packages"
+namespace Learning
+{
+	// Each .cs file should at least contain a class with the same name as the file
+	// you're allowed to do otherwise, but shouldn't for sanity.
+	public class LearnCSharp
+	{
+		// A console application must have a main method as an entry point
+		public static void Main(string[] args)
+		{
+			// Use Console.WriteLine to print lines
+			Console.WriteLine("Hello World");
+			Console.WriteLine(
+				"Integer: " + 10 +
+				" Double: " + 3.14 +
+				" Boolean: " + true);
+
+			// To print without a new line, use Console.Write
+			Console.Write("Hello ");
+			Console.Write("World");
+
+
+			///////////////////////////////////////////////////
+			// Types & Variables
+			//
+			// Declare a variable using <type> <name>
+			///////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+			// Sbyte - Signed 8-bit integer
+			// (-128 <= sbyte <= 127)
+			sbyte fooSbyte = 100;
+
+			// Byte - Unsigned 8-bit integer
+			// (0 <= byte <= 255)
+			byte fooByte = 100;
+
+			// Short - Signed 16-bit integer
+			// (-32,768 <= short <= 32,767)
+			short fooShort = 10000;
+
+			// Ushort - Unsigned 16-bit integer
+			// (0 <= ushort <= 65,535)
+			ushort fooUshort = 10000;
+
+			// Integer - Signed 32-bit integer
+			// (-2,147,483,648 <= int <= 2,147,483,647)
+			int fooInt = 1;
+
+			// Uinteger - Unsigned 32-bit integer
+			// (0 <= uint <= 4,294,967,295)
+			uint fooUint = 1;
+
+			// Long - Signed 64-bit integer
+			// (-9,223,372,036,854,775,808 <= long <= 9,223,372,036,854,775,807)
+			long fooLong = 100000L;
+			// L is used to denote that this variable value is of type long or ulong
+			// anything without is treated as int or uint depending on size.
+
+			// Ulong - Unsigned 64-bit integer
+			// (0 <= ulong <= 18,446,744,073,709,551,615)
+			ulong fooUlong = 100000L;
+
+			// Float - Single-precision 32-bit IEEE 754 Floating Point
+			// Precision: 7 digits
+			float fooFloat = 234.5f;
+			// f is used to denote that this variable value is of type float;
+			// otherwise it is treated as double.
+
+			// Double - Double-precision 64-bit IEEE 754 Floating Point
+			// Precision: 15-16 digits
+			double fooDouble = 123.4;
+
+			// Bool - true & false
+			bool fooBoolean = true;
+			bool barBoolean = false;
+
+			// Char - A single 16-bit Unicode character
+			char fooChar = 'A';
+
+			// Strings
+			string fooString = "My string is here!";
+			Console.WriteLine(fooString);
+
+			// formatting
+			string fooFormattedString = string.Format("Check Check, {0} {1}, {0} {1:0.0}", 1, 2);
+			Console.WriteLine(fooFormattedString);
+
+			// formatting dates
+			DateTime fooDate = DateTime.Now;
+			Console.WriteLine(fooDate.ToString("hh:mm, dd MMM yyyy"));
+
+			// \n is an escaped character that starts a new line
+			string barString = "Printing on a new line?\nNo Problem!";
+			Console.WriteLine(barString);
+
+			// it can be written prettier by using the @ symbol
+			string bazString = @"Here's some stuff
+	on a new line!";
+			Console.WriteLine(bazString);
+
+			// quotes need to be escaped
+			// use \" normally
+			string quotedString = "some \"quoted\" stuff";
+			Console.WriteLine(quotedString);
+
+			// use "" when strings start with @
+			string quotedString2 = @"some MORE ""quoted"" stuff";
+			Console.WriteLine(quotedString2);
+
+			// Use const or read-only to make a variable immutable
+			// const values are calculated at compile time
+			const int HOURS_I_WORK_PER_WEEK = 9001;
+
+			// Nullable types
+			// any type can be made nullable by suffixing a ?
+			// <type>? <var name> = <value>
+			int? nullable = null;
+			Console.WriteLine("Nullable variable: " + nullable);
+
+			// ?? is syntactic sugar for specifying default value
+			// in case variable is null
+			int notNullable = nullable ?? 0;
+			Console.WriteLine("Not nullable variable: " + notNullable);
+
+			// Var - compiler will choose the most appropriate type based on value
+			var fooImplicit = true;
+
+			///////////////////////////////////////////////////
+			// Data Structures
+			///////////////////////////////////////////////////
+			Console.WriteLine("\n->Data Structures");
+
+			// Arrays
+			// The array size must be decided upon declaration
+			// The format for declaring an array is follows:
+			// <datatype>[] <var name> = new <datatype>[<array size>];
+			int[] intArray = new int[10];
+			string[] stringArray = new string[1];
+			bool[] boolArray = new bool[100];
+
+			// Another way to declare & initialize an array
+			int[] y = { 9000, 1000, 1337 };
+
+			// Indexing an array - Accessing an element
+			Console.WriteLine("intArray @ 0: " + intArray[0]);
+
+			// Arrays are zero-indexed and mutable.
+			intArray[1] = 1;
+			Console.WriteLine("intArray @ 1: " + intArray[1]); // => 1
+
+			// Lists
+			// Lists are used more frequently than arrays as they are more flexible
+			// The format for declaring a list is follows:
+			// List<datatype> <var name> = new List<datatype>();
+			List<int> intList = new List<int>();
+			List<string> stringList = new List<string>();
+
+			// Another way to declare & initialize a list
+			List<int> z = new List<int> { 9000, 1000, 1337 };
+
+			// Indexing a list - Accessing an element
+			// Lists are zero-indexed and mutable.
+			Console.WriteLine("z @ 0: " + z[2]);
+
+			// Lists don't default to a value;
+			// A value must be added before accessing the index
+			intList.Add(1);
+			Console.WriteLine("intList @ 0: " + intList[0]);
+
+
+			// Others data structures to check out:
+			//
+			// Stack/Queue
+			// Dictionary
+			// Read-only Collections
+			// Tuple (.Net 4+)
+
+
+			///////////////////////////////////////
+			// Operators
+			///////////////////////////////////////
+			Console.WriteLine("\n->Operators");
+
+			int i1 = 1, i2 = 2; // Shorthand for multiple declarations
+
+			// Arithmetic is straightforward
+			Console.WriteLine("1+2 = " + (i1 + i2)); // => 3
+			Console.WriteLine("2-1 = " + (i2 - i1)); // => 1
+			Console.WriteLine("2*1 = " + (i2 * i1)); // => 2
+			Console.WriteLine("1/2 = " + (i1 / i2)); // => 0 (0.5 truncated down)
+
+			// Modulo
+			Console.WriteLine("11%3 = " + (11 % 3)); // => 2
+
+			// Comparison operators
+			Console.WriteLine("3 == 2? " + (3 == 2)); // => false
+			Console.WriteLine("3 != 2? " + (3 != 2)); // => true
+			Console.WriteLine("3 > 2? " + (3 > 2)); // => true
+			Console.WriteLine("3 < 2? " + (3 < 2)); // => false
+			Console.WriteLine("2 <= 2? " + (2 <= 2)); // => true
+			Console.WriteLine("2 >= 2? " + (2 >= 2)); // => true
+
+			// Bitwise operators!
+			/*
+			~       Unary bitwise complement
+			<<      Signed left shift
+			>>      Signed right shift
+			>>>     Unsigned right shift
+			&       Bitwise AND
+			^       Bitwise exclusive OR
+			|       Bitwise inclusive OR
+			*/
+
+			// Incrementations
+			int i = 0;
+			Console.WriteLine("\n->Inc/Dec-rementation");
+			Console.WriteLine(i++); //i = 1. Post-Incrementation
+			Console.WriteLine(++i); //i = 2. Pre-Incrementation
+			Console.WriteLine(i--); //i = 1. Post-Decrementation
+			Console.WriteLine(--i); //i = 0. Pre-Decrementation
+
+
+			///////////////////////////////////////
+			// Control Structures
+			///////////////////////////////////////
+			Console.WriteLine("\n->Control Structures");
+
+			// If statements are c-like
+			int j = 10;
+			if (j == 10)
+			{
+				Console.WriteLine("I get printed");
+			}
+			else if (j > 10)
+			{
+				Console.WriteLine("I don't");
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				Console.WriteLine("I also don't");
+			}
+
+			// Ternary operators
+			// A simple if/else can be written as follows
+			// <condition> ? <true> : <false>
+			string isTrue = (true) ? "True" : "False";
+			Console.WriteLine("Ternary demo: " + isTrue);
+
+
+			// While loop
+			int fooWhile = 0;
+			while (fooWhile < 100)
+			{
+				//Console.WriteLine(fooWhile);
+				//Increment the counter
+				//Iterated 99 times, fooWhile 0->99
+				fooWhile++;
+			}
+			Console.WriteLine("fooWhile Value: " + fooWhile);
+
+			// Do While Loop
+			int fooDoWhile = 0;
+			do
+			{
+				//Console.WriteLine(fooDoWhile);
+				//Increment the counter
+				//Iterated 99 times, fooDoWhile 0->99
+				fooDoWhile++;
+			} while (fooDoWhile < 100);
+			Console.WriteLine("fooDoWhile Value: " + fooDoWhile);
+
+			// For Loop
+			int fooFor;
+			//for loop structure => for(<start_statement>; <conditional>; <step>)
+			for (fooFor = 0; fooFor < 10; fooFor++)
+			{
+				//Console.WriteLine(fooFor);
+				//Iterated 10 times, fooFor 0->9
+			}
+			Console.WriteLine("fooFor Value: " + fooFor);
+
+			// Switch Case
+			// A switch works with the byte, short, char, and int data types.
+			// It also works with enumerated types (discussed in Enum Types),
+			// the String class, and a few special classes that wrap
+			// primitive types: Character, Byte, Short, and Integer.
+			int month = 3;
+			string monthString;
+			switch (month)
+			{
+				case 1:
+					monthString = "January";
+					break;
+				case 2:
+					monthString = "February";
+					break;
+				case 3:
+					monthString = "March";
+					break;
+				default:
+					monthString = "Some other month";
+					break;
+			}
+			Console.WriteLine("Switch Case Result: " + monthString);
+
+
+			///////////////////////////////////////
+			// Converting Data Types And Typcasting
+			///////////////////////////////////////
+
+			// Converting data
+
+			// Convert String To Integer
+			// this will throw an Exception on failure
+			int.Parse("123");//returns an integer version of "123"
+
+			// try parse will default to type default on failure
+			// in this case: 0
+			int tryInt;
+			int.TryParse("123", out tryInt);
+
+			// Convert Integer To String
+			// Convert class has a number of methods to facilitate conversions
+			Convert.ToString(123);
+
+			///////////////////////////////////////
+			// Classes And Functions
+			///////////////////////////////////////
+
+			Console.WriteLine("\n->Classes & Functions");
+
+			// (definition of the Bicycle class follows)
+
+			// Use new to instantiate a class
+			Bicycle trek = new Bicycle();
+
+			// Call object methods
+			trek.speedUp(3); // You should always use setter and getter methods
+			trek.setCadence(100);
+
+			// ToString is a convention to display the value of this Object.
+			Console.WriteLine("trek info: " + trek.ToString());
+
+			// Instantiate another new Bicycle
+			Bicycle octo = new Bicycle(5, 10);
+			Console.WriteLine("octo info: " + octo.ToString());
+
+			// Instantiate a new Penny Farthing
+			PennyFarthing funbike = new PennyFarthing(1, 10);
+			Console.WriteLine("funbike info: " + funbike.ToString());
+
+			Console.Read();
+		} // End main method
+
+
+	} // End LearnCSharp class
+
+	// You can include other classes in a .cs file
+
+
+	// Class Declaration Syntax:
+	// <public/private/protected> class <class name>{
+	//    //data fields, constructors, functions all inside.
+	//    //functions are called as methods in Java.
+	// }
+
+	public class Bicycle
+	{
+		// Bicycle's Fields/Variables
+		public int cadence; // Public: Can be accessed from anywhere
+		private int _speed;  // Private: Only accessible from within the class
+		protected int gear; // Protected: Accessible from the class and subclasses
+		internal int wheels; // Internal: Accessible from within the assembly
+		string name; // default: Only accessible from within this class
+
+		// readonly values are set at run time
+		// they can only be assigned upon declaration or in a constructor
+		readonly bool hasCardsInSpokes = false; // read-only private
+
+		// Constructors are a way of creating classes
+		// This is a default constructor
+		public Bicycle()
+		{
+			gear = 1;
+			cadence = 50;
+			_speed = 5;
+			name = "Bontrager";
+		}
+
+		// This is a specified constructor (it contains arguments)
+		public Bicycle(int startCadence, int startSpeed, int startGear, string name, bool hasCardsInSpokes)
+		{
+			this.gear = startGear;
+			this.cadence = startCadence;
+			this._speed = startSpeed;
+			this.name = name;
+			this.hasCardsInSpokes = hasCardsInSpokes;
+		}
+
+		// Constructors can be chained
+		public Bicycle(int startCadence, int startSpeed) :
+			this(startCadence, startSpeed, 0, "big wheels", true)
+		{
+		}
+
+		// Function Syntax:
+		// <public/private/protected> <return type> <function name>(<args>)
+
+		// classes can implement getters and setters for their fields
+		// or they can implement properties
+
+		// Method declaration syntax:
+		// <scope> <return type> <method name>(<args>)
+		public int getCadence()
+		{
+			return cadence;
+		}
+
+		// void methods require no return statement
+		public void setCadence(int newValue)
+		{
+			cadence = newValue;
+		}
+
+		// virtual keyword indicates this method can be overridden
+		public virtual void setGear(int newValue)
+		{
+			gear = newValue;
+		}
+
+		public void speedUp(int increment)
+		{
+			_speed += increment;
+		}
+
+		public void slowDown(int decrement)
+		{
+			_speed -= decrement;
+		}
+
+		// properties get/set values
+		// when only data needs to be accessed, consider using properties.
+		// properties may have either get or set, or both
+		private bool _hasTassles; // private variable
+		public bool hasTassles // public accessor
+		{
+			get { return _hasTassles; }
+			set { _hasTassles = value; }
+		}
+
+		private int _frameSize;
+		public int FrameSize
+		{
+			get { return _frameSize; }
+			// you are able to specify access modifiers for either get or set
+			// this means only Bicycle class can call set on Framesize
+			private set { _frameSize = value; }
+		}
+
+		//Method to display the attribute values of this Object.
+		public override string ToString()
+		{
+			return "gear: " + gear +
+					" cadence: " + cadence +
+					" speed: " + _speed +
+					" name: " + name +
+					" cards in spokes: " + (hasCardsInSpokes ? "yes" : "no") +
+					"\n------------------------------\n"
+					;
+		}
+	} // end class Bicycle
+
+	// PennyFarthing is a subclass of Bicycle
+	class PennyFarthing : Bicycle
+	{
+		// (Penny Farthings are those bicycles with the big front wheel.
+		// They have no gears.)
+
+		// calling parent constructor
+		public PennyFarthing(int startCadence, int startSpeed) :
+			base(startCadence, startSpeed, 0, "PennyFarthing", true)
+		{
+		}
+
+		public override void setGear(int gear)
+		{
+			gear = 0;
+		}
+	}
+} // End Namespace
+
+```
+
+## Topics Not Covered
+
+ * Enums, Flags
+ * Attributes
+ * Generics (T), Delegates, Func, Actions, lambda expressions
+ * Exceptions, Interfaces, Abstraction
+ * LINQ
+ * ASP.NET (Web Forms/MVC/WebMatrix)
+ * Winforms
+ * Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF)
+
+
+
+## Further Reading
+
+ * [DotNetPerls](http://www.dotnetperls.com)
+ * [C# in Depth](http://manning.com/skeet2)
+ * [Programming C#](http://shop.oreilly.com/product/0636920024064.do)
+ * [LINQ](http://shop.oreilly.com/product/9780596519254.do)
+ * [MSDN Library](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/618ayhy6.aspx)
+ * [ASP.NET MVC Tutorials](http://www.asp.net/mvc/tutorials)
+ * [ASP.NET Web Matrix Tutorials](http://www.asp.net/web-pages/tutorials)
+ * [ASP.NET Web Forms Tutorials](http://www.asp.net/web-forms/tutorials)
+ * [Windows Forms Programming in C#](http://www.amazon.com/Windows-Forms-Programming-Chris-Sells/dp/0321116208)
+
+
+
+[C# Coding Conventions](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/vstudio/ff926074.aspx)
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From bf1f9d811cfc41c33cfeaabca68034ad531a097d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Irfan Charania <irfan.charania@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2013 18:04:11 -0700
Subject: Clean up namespace in C#

---
 csharp.html.markdown | 6 ++----
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

(limited to 'csharp.html.markdown')

diff --git a/csharp.html.markdown b/csharp.html.markdown
index d67f6c74..e079571e 100644
--- a/csharp.html.markdown
+++ b/csharp.html.markdown
@@ -20,12 +20,10 @@ Multi-line comments look like this
 /// This is an XML documentation comment
 /// </summary>
 
-
+// Specify namespaces application will be using
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.Linq;
-using System.Text;
-using System.Threading.Tasks;
+
 
 // defines scope to organize code into "packages"
 namespace Learning
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 93fc8f5e8044c404d1feb600cf50eb932b596325 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Adam <adam@adambard.com>
Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2013 10:10:49 -0700
Subject: Line length edits to C#

---
 csharp.html.markdown | 973 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------------------
 1 file changed, 487 insertions(+), 486 deletions(-)

(limited to 'csharp.html.markdown')

diff --git a/csharp.html.markdown b/csharp.html.markdown
index e079571e..c254b5a9 100644
--- a/csharp.html.markdown
+++ b/csharp.html.markdown
@@ -28,492 +28,493 @@ using System.Collections.Generic;
 // defines scope to organize code into "packages"
 namespace Learning
 {
-	// Each .cs file should at least contain a class with the same name as the file
-	// you're allowed to do otherwise, but shouldn't for sanity.
-	public class LearnCSharp
-	{
-		// A console application must have a main method as an entry point
-		public static void Main(string[] args)
-		{
-			// Use Console.WriteLine to print lines
-			Console.WriteLine("Hello World");
-			Console.WriteLine(
-				"Integer: " + 10 +
-				" Double: " + 3.14 +
-				" Boolean: " + true);
-
-			// To print without a new line, use Console.Write
-			Console.Write("Hello ");
-			Console.Write("World");
-
-
-			///////////////////////////////////////////////////
-			// Types & Variables
-			//
-			// Declare a variable using <type> <name>
-			///////////////////////////////////////////////////
-
-			// Sbyte - Signed 8-bit integer
-			// (-128 <= sbyte <= 127)
-			sbyte fooSbyte = 100;
-
-			// Byte - Unsigned 8-bit integer
-			// (0 <= byte <= 255)
-			byte fooByte = 100;
-
-			// Short - Signed 16-bit integer
-			// (-32,768 <= short <= 32,767)
-			short fooShort = 10000;
-
-			// Ushort - Unsigned 16-bit integer
-			// (0 <= ushort <= 65,535)
-			ushort fooUshort = 10000;
-
-			// Integer - Signed 32-bit integer
-			// (-2,147,483,648 <= int <= 2,147,483,647)
-			int fooInt = 1;
-
-			// Uinteger - Unsigned 32-bit integer
-			// (0 <= uint <= 4,294,967,295)
-			uint fooUint = 1;
-
-			// Long - Signed 64-bit integer
-			// (-9,223,372,036,854,775,808 <= long <= 9,223,372,036,854,775,807)
-			long fooLong = 100000L;
-			// L is used to denote that this variable value is of type long or ulong
-			// anything without is treated as int or uint depending on size.
-
-			// Ulong - Unsigned 64-bit integer
-			// (0 <= ulong <= 18,446,744,073,709,551,615)
-			ulong fooUlong = 100000L;
-
-			// Float - Single-precision 32-bit IEEE 754 Floating Point
-			// Precision: 7 digits
-			float fooFloat = 234.5f;
-			// f is used to denote that this variable value is of type float;
-			// otherwise it is treated as double.
-
-			// Double - Double-precision 64-bit IEEE 754 Floating Point
-			// Precision: 15-16 digits
-			double fooDouble = 123.4;
-
-			// Bool - true & false
-			bool fooBoolean = true;
-			bool barBoolean = false;
-
-			// Char - A single 16-bit Unicode character
-			char fooChar = 'A';
-
-			// Strings
-			string fooString = "My string is here!";
-			Console.WriteLine(fooString);
-
-			// formatting
-			string fooFormattedString = string.Format("Check Check, {0} {1}, {0} {1:0.0}", 1, 2);
-			Console.WriteLine(fooFormattedString);
-
-			// formatting dates
-			DateTime fooDate = DateTime.Now;
-			Console.WriteLine(fooDate.ToString("hh:mm, dd MMM yyyy"));
-
-			// \n is an escaped character that starts a new line
-			string barString = "Printing on a new line?\nNo Problem!";
-			Console.WriteLine(barString);
-
-			// it can be written prettier by using the @ symbol
-			string bazString = @"Here's some stuff
-	on a new line!";
-			Console.WriteLine(bazString);
-
-			// quotes need to be escaped
-			// use \" normally
-			string quotedString = "some \"quoted\" stuff";
-			Console.WriteLine(quotedString);
-
-			// use "" when strings start with @
-			string quotedString2 = @"some MORE ""quoted"" stuff";
-			Console.WriteLine(quotedString2);
-
-			// Use const or read-only to make a variable immutable
-			// const values are calculated at compile time
-			const int HOURS_I_WORK_PER_WEEK = 9001;
-
-			// Nullable types
-			// any type can be made nullable by suffixing a ?
-			// <type>? <var name> = <value>
-			int? nullable = null;
-			Console.WriteLine("Nullable variable: " + nullable);
-
-			// ?? is syntactic sugar for specifying default value
-			// in case variable is null
-			int notNullable = nullable ?? 0;
-			Console.WriteLine("Not nullable variable: " + notNullable);
-
-			// Var - compiler will choose the most appropriate type based on value
-			var fooImplicit = true;
-
-			///////////////////////////////////////////////////
-			// Data Structures
-			///////////////////////////////////////////////////
-			Console.WriteLine("\n->Data Structures");
-
-			// Arrays
-			// The array size must be decided upon declaration
-			// The format for declaring an array is follows:
-			// <datatype>[] <var name> = new <datatype>[<array size>];
-			int[] intArray = new int[10];
-			string[] stringArray = new string[1];
-			bool[] boolArray = new bool[100];
-
-			// Another way to declare & initialize an array
-			int[] y = { 9000, 1000, 1337 };
-
-			// Indexing an array - Accessing an element
-			Console.WriteLine("intArray @ 0: " + intArray[0]);
-
-			// Arrays are zero-indexed and mutable.
-			intArray[1] = 1;
-			Console.WriteLine("intArray @ 1: " + intArray[1]); // => 1
-
-			// Lists
-			// Lists are used more frequently than arrays as they are more flexible
-			// The format for declaring a list is follows:
-			// List<datatype> <var name> = new List<datatype>();
-			List<int> intList = new List<int>();
-			List<string> stringList = new List<string>();
-
-			// Another way to declare & initialize a list
-			List<int> z = new List<int> { 9000, 1000, 1337 };
-
-			// Indexing a list - Accessing an element
-			// Lists are zero-indexed and mutable.
-			Console.WriteLine("z @ 0: " + z[2]);
-
-			// Lists don't default to a value;
-			// A value must be added before accessing the index
-			intList.Add(1);
-			Console.WriteLine("intList @ 0: " + intList[0]);
-
-
-			// Others data structures to check out:
-			//
-			// Stack/Queue
-			// Dictionary
-			// Read-only Collections
-			// Tuple (.Net 4+)
-
-
-			///////////////////////////////////////
-			// Operators
-			///////////////////////////////////////
-			Console.WriteLine("\n->Operators");
-
-			int i1 = 1, i2 = 2; // Shorthand for multiple declarations
-
-			// Arithmetic is straightforward
-			Console.WriteLine("1+2 = " + (i1 + i2)); // => 3
-			Console.WriteLine("2-1 = " + (i2 - i1)); // => 1
-			Console.WriteLine("2*1 = " + (i2 * i1)); // => 2
-			Console.WriteLine("1/2 = " + (i1 / i2)); // => 0 (0.5 truncated down)
-
-			// Modulo
-			Console.WriteLine("11%3 = " + (11 % 3)); // => 2
-
-			// Comparison operators
-			Console.WriteLine("3 == 2? " + (3 == 2)); // => false
-			Console.WriteLine("3 != 2? " + (3 != 2)); // => true
-			Console.WriteLine("3 > 2? " + (3 > 2)); // => true
-			Console.WriteLine("3 < 2? " + (3 < 2)); // => false
-			Console.WriteLine("2 <= 2? " + (2 <= 2)); // => true
-			Console.WriteLine("2 >= 2? " + (2 >= 2)); // => true
-
-			// Bitwise operators!
-			/*
-			~       Unary bitwise complement
-			<<      Signed left shift
-			>>      Signed right shift
-			>>>     Unsigned right shift
-			&       Bitwise AND
-			^       Bitwise exclusive OR
-			|       Bitwise inclusive OR
-			*/
-
-			// Incrementations
-			int i = 0;
-			Console.WriteLine("\n->Inc/Dec-rementation");
-			Console.WriteLine(i++); //i = 1. Post-Incrementation
-			Console.WriteLine(++i); //i = 2. Pre-Incrementation
-			Console.WriteLine(i--); //i = 1. Post-Decrementation
-			Console.WriteLine(--i); //i = 0. Pre-Decrementation
-
-
-			///////////////////////////////////////
-			// Control Structures
-			///////////////////////////////////////
-			Console.WriteLine("\n->Control Structures");
-
-			// If statements are c-like
-			int j = 10;
-			if (j == 10)
-			{
-				Console.WriteLine("I get printed");
-			}
-			else if (j > 10)
-			{
-				Console.WriteLine("I don't");
-			}
-			else
-			{
-				Console.WriteLine("I also don't");
-			}
-
-			// Ternary operators
-			// A simple if/else can be written as follows
-			// <condition> ? <true> : <false>
-			string isTrue = (true) ? "True" : "False";
-			Console.WriteLine("Ternary demo: " + isTrue);
-
-
-			// While loop
-			int fooWhile = 0;
-			while (fooWhile < 100)
-			{
-				//Console.WriteLine(fooWhile);
-				//Increment the counter
-				//Iterated 99 times, fooWhile 0->99
-				fooWhile++;
-			}
-			Console.WriteLine("fooWhile Value: " + fooWhile);
-
-			// Do While Loop
-			int fooDoWhile = 0;
-			do
-			{
-				//Console.WriteLine(fooDoWhile);
-				//Increment the counter
-				//Iterated 99 times, fooDoWhile 0->99
-				fooDoWhile++;
-			} while (fooDoWhile < 100);
-			Console.WriteLine("fooDoWhile Value: " + fooDoWhile);
-
-			// For Loop
-			int fooFor;
-			//for loop structure => for(<start_statement>; <conditional>; <step>)
-			for (fooFor = 0; fooFor < 10; fooFor++)
-			{
-				//Console.WriteLine(fooFor);
-				//Iterated 10 times, fooFor 0->9
-			}
-			Console.WriteLine("fooFor Value: " + fooFor);
-
-			// Switch Case
-			// A switch works with the byte, short, char, and int data types.
-			// It also works with enumerated types (discussed in Enum Types),
-			// the String class, and a few special classes that wrap
-			// primitive types: Character, Byte, Short, and Integer.
-			int month = 3;
-			string monthString;
-			switch (month)
-			{
-				case 1:
-					monthString = "January";
-					break;
-				case 2:
-					monthString = "February";
-					break;
-				case 3:
-					monthString = "March";
-					break;
-				default:
-					monthString = "Some other month";
-					break;
-			}
-			Console.WriteLine("Switch Case Result: " + monthString);
-
-
-			///////////////////////////////////////
-			// Converting Data Types And Typcasting
-			///////////////////////////////////////
-
-			// Converting data
-
-			// Convert String To Integer
-			// this will throw an Exception on failure
-			int.Parse("123");//returns an integer version of "123"
-
-			// try parse will default to type default on failure
-			// in this case: 0
-			int tryInt;
-			int.TryParse("123", out tryInt);
-
-			// Convert Integer To String
-			// Convert class has a number of methods to facilitate conversions
-			Convert.ToString(123);
-
-			///////////////////////////////////////
-			// Classes And Functions
-			///////////////////////////////////////
-
-			Console.WriteLine("\n->Classes & Functions");
-
-			// (definition of the Bicycle class follows)
-
-			// Use new to instantiate a class
-			Bicycle trek = new Bicycle();
-
-			// Call object methods
-			trek.speedUp(3); // You should always use setter and getter methods
-			trek.setCadence(100);
-
-			// ToString is a convention to display the value of this Object.
-			Console.WriteLine("trek info: " + trek.ToString());
-
-			// Instantiate another new Bicycle
-			Bicycle octo = new Bicycle(5, 10);
-			Console.WriteLine("octo info: " + octo.ToString());
-
-			// Instantiate a new Penny Farthing
-			PennyFarthing funbike = new PennyFarthing(1, 10);
-			Console.WriteLine("funbike info: " + funbike.ToString());
-
-			Console.Read();
-		} // End main method
-
-
-	} // End LearnCSharp class
-
-	// You can include other classes in a .cs file
-
-
-	// Class Declaration Syntax:
-	// <public/private/protected> class <class name>{
-	//    //data fields, constructors, functions all inside.
-	//    //functions are called as methods in Java.
-	// }
-
-	public class Bicycle
-	{
-		// Bicycle's Fields/Variables
-		public int cadence; // Public: Can be accessed from anywhere
-		private int _speed;  // Private: Only accessible from within the class
-		protected int gear; // Protected: Accessible from the class and subclasses
-		internal int wheels; // Internal: Accessible from within the assembly
-		string name; // default: Only accessible from within this class
-
-		// readonly values are set at run time
-		// they can only be assigned upon declaration or in a constructor
-		readonly bool hasCardsInSpokes = false; // read-only private
-
-		// Constructors are a way of creating classes
-		// This is a default constructor
-		public Bicycle()
-		{
-			gear = 1;
-			cadence = 50;
-			_speed = 5;
-			name = "Bontrager";
-		}
-
-		// This is a specified constructor (it contains arguments)
-		public Bicycle(int startCadence, int startSpeed, int startGear, string name, bool hasCardsInSpokes)
-		{
-			this.gear = startGear;
-			this.cadence = startCadence;
-			this._speed = startSpeed;
-			this.name = name;
-			this.hasCardsInSpokes = hasCardsInSpokes;
-		}
-
-		// Constructors can be chained
-		public Bicycle(int startCadence, int startSpeed) :
-			this(startCadence, startSpeed, 0, "big wheels", true)
-		{
-		}
-
-		// Function Syntax:
-		// <public/private/protected> <return type> <function name>(<args>)
-
-		// classes can implement getters and setters for their fields
-		// or they can implement properties
-
-		// Method declaration syntax:
-		// <scope> <return type> <method name>(<args>)
-		public int getCadence()
-		{
-			return cadence;
-		}
-
-		// void methods require no return statement
-		public void setCadence(int newValue)
-		{
-			cadence = newValue;
-		}
-
-		// virtual keyword indicates this method can be overridden
-		public virtual void setGear(int newValue)
-		{
-			gear = newValue;
-		}
-
-		public void speedUp(int increment)
-		{
-			_speed += increment;
-		}
-
-		public void slowDown(int decrement)
-		{
-			_speed -= decrement;
-		}
-
-		// properties get/set values
-		// when only data needs to be accessed, consider using properties.
-		// properties may have either get or set, or both
-		private bool _hasTassles; // private variable
-		public bool hasTassles // public accessor
-		{
-			get { return _hasTassles; }
-			set { _hasTassles = value; }
-		}
-
-		private int _frameSize;
-		public int FrameSize
-		{
-			get { return _frameSize; }
-			// you are able to specify access modifiers for either get or set
-			// this means only Bicycle class can call set on Framesize
-			private set { _frameSize = value; }
-		}
-
-		//Method to display the attribute values of this Object.
-		public override string ToString()
-		{
-			return "gear: " + gear +
-					" cadence: " + cadence +
-					" speed: " + _speed +
-					" name: " + name +
-					" cards in spokes: " + (hasCardsInSpokes ? "yes" : "no") +
-					"\n------------------------------\n"
-					;
-		}
-	} // end class Bicycle
-
-	// PennyFarthing is a subclass of Bicycle
-	class PennyFarthing : Bicycle
-	{
-		// (Penny Farthings are those bicycles with the big front wheel.
-		// They have no gears.)
-
-		// calling parent constructor
-		public PennyFarthing(int startCadence, int startSpeed) :
-			base(startCadence, startSpeed, 0, "PennyFarthing", true)
-		{
-		}
-
-		public override void setGear(int gear)
-		{
-			gear = 0;
-		}
-	}
+    // Each .cs file should at least contain a class with the same name as the file
+    // you're allowed to do otherwise, but shouldn't for sanity.
+    public class LearnCSharp
+    {
+        // A console application must have a main method as an entry point
+        public static void Main(string[] args)
+        {
+            // Use Console.WriteLine to print lines
+            Console.WriteLine("Hello World");
+            Console.WriteLine(
+                "Integer: " + 10 +
+                " Double: " + 3.14 +
+                " Boolean: " + true);
+
+            // To print without a new line, use Console.Write
+            Console.Write("Hello ");
+            Console.Write("World");
+
+
+            ///////////////////////////////////////////////////
+            // Types & Variables
+            //
+            // Declare a variable using <type> <name>
+            ///////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+            // Sbyte - Signed 8-bit integer
+            // (-128 <= sbyte <= 127)
+            sbyte fooSbyte = 100;
+
+            // Byte - Unsigned 8-bit integer
+            // (0 <= byte <= 255)
+            byte fooByte = 100;
+
+            // Short - Signed 16-bit integer
+            // (-32,768 <= short <= 32,767)
+            short fooShort = 10000;
+
+            // Ushort - Unsigned 16-bit integer
+            // (0 <= ushort <= 65,535)
+            ushort fooUshort = 10000;
+
+            // Integer - Signed 32-bit integer
+            // (-2,147,483,648 <= int <= 2,147,483,647)
+            int fooInt = 1;
+
+            // Uinteger - Unsigned 32-bit integer
+            // (0 <= uint <= 4,294,967,295)
+            uint fooUint = 1;
+
+            // Long - Signed 64-bit integer
+            // (-9,223,372,036,854,775,808 <= long <= 9,223,372,036,854,775,807)
+            long fooLong = 100000L;
+            // L is used to denote that this variable value is of type long or ulong
+            // anything without is treated as int or uint depending on size.
+
+            // Ulong - Unsigned 64-bit integer
+            // (0 <= ulong <= 18,446,744,073,709,551,615)
+            ulong fooUlong = 100000L;
+
+            // Float - Single-precision 32-bit IEEE 754 Floating Point
+            // Precision: 7 digits
+            float fooFloat = 234.5f;
+            // f is used to denote that this variable value is of type float;
+            // otherwise it is treated as double.
+
+            // Double - Double-precision 64-bit IEEE 754 Floating Point
+            // Precision: 15-16 digits
+            double fooDouble = 123.4;
+
+            // Bool - true & false
+            bool fooBoolean = true;
+            bool barBoolean = false;
+
+            // Char - A single 16-bit Unicode character
+            char fooChar = 'A';
+
+            // Strings
+            string fooString = "My string is here!";
+            Console.WriteLine(fooString);
+
+            // formatting
+            string fooFs = string.Format("Check Check, {0} {1}, {0} {1:0.0}", 1, 2);
+            Console.WriteLine(fooFormattedString);
+
+            // formatting dates
+            DateTime fooDate = DateTime.Now;
+            Console.WriteLine(fooDate.ToString("hh:mm, dd MMM yyyy"));
+
+            // \n is an escaped character that starts a new line
+            string barString = "Printing on a new line?\nNo Problem!";
+            Console.WriteLine(barString);
+
+            // it can be written prettier by using the @ symbol
+            string bazString = @"Here's some stuff
+    on a new line!";
+            Console.WriteLine(bazString);
+
+            // quotes need to be escaped
+            // use \" normally
+            string quotedString = "some \"quoted\" stuff";
+            Console.WriteLine(quotedString);
+
+            // use "" when strings start with @
+            string quotedString2 = @"some MORE ""quoted"" stuff";
+            Console.WriteLine(quotedString2);
+
+            // Use const or read-only to make a variable immutable
+            // const values are calculated at compile time
+            const int HOURS_I_WORK_PER_WEEK = 9001;
+
+            // Nullable types
+            // any type can be made nullable by suffixing a ?
+            // <type>? <var name> = <value>
+            int? nullable = null;
+            Console.WriteLine("Nullable variable: " + nullable);
+
+            // ?? is syntactic sugar for specifying default value
+            // in case variable is null
+            int notNullable = nullable ?? 0;
+            Console.WriteLine("Not nullable variable: " + notNullable);
+
+            // Var - compiler will choose the most appropriate type based on value
+            var fooImplicit = true;
+
+            ///////////////////////////////////////////////////
+            // Data Structures
+            ///////////////////////////////////////////////////
+            Console.WriteLine("\n->Data Structures");
+
+            // Arrays
+            // The array size must be decided upon declaration
+            // The format for declaring an array is follows:
+            // <datatype>[] <var name> = new <datatype>[<array size>];
+            int[] intArray = new int[10];
+            string[] stringArray = new string[1];
+            bool[] boolArray = new bool[100];
+
+            // Another way to declare & initialize an array
+            int[] y = { 9000, 1000, 1337 };
+
+            // Indexing an array - Accessing an element
+            Console.WriteLine("intArray @ 0: " + intArray[0]);
+
+            // Arrays are zero-indexed and mutable.
+            intArray[1] = 1;
+            Console.WriteLine("intArray @ 1: " + intArray[1]); // => 1
+
+            // Lists
+            // Lists are used more frequently than arrays as they are more flexible
+            // The format for declaring a list is follows:
+            // List<datatype> <var name> = new List<datatype>();
+            List<int> intList = new List<int>();
+            List<string> stringList = new List<string>();
+
+            // Another way to declare & initialize a list
+            List<int> z = new List<int> { 9000, 1000, 1337 };
+
+            // Indexing a list - Accessing an element
+            // Lists are zero-indexed and mutable.
+            Console.WriteLine("z @ 0: " + z[2]);
+
+            // Lists don't default to a value;
+            // A value must be added before accessing the index
+            intList.Add(1);
+            Console.WriteLine("intList @ 0: " + intList[0]);
+
+
+            // Others data structures to check out:
+            //
+            // Stack/Queue
+            // Dictionary
+            // Read-only Collections
+            // Tuple (.Net 4+)
+
+
+            ///////////////////////////////////////
+            // Operators
+            ///////////////////////////////////////
+            Console.WriteLine("\n->Operators");
+
+            int i1 = 1, i2 = 2; // Shorthand for multiple declarations
+
+            // Arithmetic is straightforward
+            Console.WriteLine("1+2 = " + (i1 + i2)); // => 3
+            Console.WriteLine("2-1 = " + (i2 - i1)); // => 1
+            Console.WriteLine("2*1 = " + (i2 * i1)); // => 2
+            Console.WriteLine("1/2 = " + (i1 / i2)); // => 0 (0.5 truncated down)
+
+            // Modulo
+            Console.WriteLine("11%3 = " + (11 % 3)); // => 2
+
+            // Comparison operators
+            Console.WriteLine("3 == 2? " + (3 == 2)); // => false
+            Console.WriteLine("3 != 2? " + (3 != 2)); // => true
+            Console.WriteLine("3 > 2? " + (3 > 2)); // => true
+            Console.WriteLine("3 < 2? " + (3 < 2)); // => false
+            Console.WriteLine("2 <= 2? " + (2 <= 2)); // => true
+            Console.WriteLine("2 >= 2? " + (2 >= 2)); // => true
+
+            // Bitwise operators!
+            /*
+            ~       Unary bitwise complement
+            <<      Signed left shift
+            >>      Signed right shift
+            >>>     Unsigned right shift
+            &       Bitwise AND
+            ^       Bitwise exclusive OR
+            |       Bitwise inclusive OR
+            */
+
+            // Incrementations
+            int i = 0;
+            Console.WriteLine("\n->Inc/Dec-rementation");
+            Console.WriteLine(i++); //i = 1. Post-Incrementation
+            Console.WriteLine(++i); //i = 2. Pre-Incrementation
+            Console.WriteLine(i--); //i = 1. Post-Decrementation
+            Console.WriteLine(--i); //i = 0. Pre-Decrementation
+
+
+            ///////////////////////////////////////
+            // Control Structures
+            ///////////////////////////////////////
+            Console.WriteLine("\n->Control Structures");
+
+            // If statements are c-like
+            int j = 10;
+            if (j == 10)
+            {
+                Console.WriteLine("I get printed");
+            }
+            else if (j > 10)
+            {
+                Console.WriteLine("I don't");
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                Console.WriteLine("I also don't");
+            }
+
+            // Ternary operators
+            // A simple if/else can be written as follows
+            // <condition> ? <true> : <false>
+            string isTrue = (true) ? "True" : "False";
+            Console.WriteLine("Ternary demo: " + isTrue);
+
+
+            // While loop
+            int fooWhile = 0;
+            while (fooWhile < 100)
+            {
+                //Console.WriteLine(fooWhile);
+                //Increment the counter
+                //Iterated 99 times, fooWhile 0->99
+                fooWhile++;
+            }
+            Console.WriteLine("fooWhile Value: " + fooWhile);
+
+            // Do While Loop
+            int fooDoWhile = 0;
+            do
+            {
+                //Console.WriteLine(fooDoWhile);
+                //Increment the counter
+                //Iterated 99 times, fooDoWhile 0->99
+                fooDoWhile++;
+            } while (fooDoWhile < 100);
+            Console.WriteLine("fooDoWhile Value: " + fooDoWhile);
+
+            // For Loop
+            int fooFor;
+            //for loop structure => for(<start_statement>; <conditional>; <step>)
+            for (fooFor = 0; fooFor < 10; fooFor++)
+            {
+                //Console.WriteLine(fooFor);
+                //Iterated 10 times, fooFor 0->9
+            }
+            Console.WriteLine("fooFor Value: " + fooFor);
+
+            // Switch Case
+            // A switch works with the byte, short, char, and int data types.
+            // It also works with enumerated types (discussed in Enum Types),
+            // the String class, and a few special classes that wrap
+            // primitive types: Character, Byte, Short, and Integer.
+            int month = 3;
+            string monthString;
+            switch (month)
+            {
+                case 1:
+                    monthString = "January";
+                    break;
+                case 2:
+                    monthString = "February";
+                    break;
+                case 3:
+                    monthString = "March";
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    monthString = "Some other month";
+                    break;
+            }
+            Console.WriteLine("Switch Case Result: " + monthString);
+
+
+            ///////////////////////////////////////
+            // Converting Data Types And Typcasting
+            ///////////////////////////////////////
+
+            // Converting data
+
+            // Convert String To Integer
+            // this will throw an Exception on failure
+            int.Parse("123");//returns an integer version of "123"
+
+            // try parse will default to type default on failure
+            // in this case: 0
+            int tryInt;
+            int.TryParse("123", out tryInt);
+
+            // Convert Integer To String
+            // Convert class has a number of methods to facilitate conversions
+            Convert.ToString(123);
+
+            ///////////////////////////////////////
+            // Classes And Functions
+            ///////////////////////////////////////
+
+            Console.WriteLine("\n->Classes & Functions");
+
+            // (definition of the Bicycle class follows)
+
+            // Use new to instantiate a class
+            Bicycle trek = new Bicycle();
+
+            // Call object methods
+            trek.speedUp(3); // You should always use setter and getter methods
+            trek.setCadence(100);
+
+            // ToString is a convention to display the value of this Object.
+            Console.WriteLine("trek info: " + trek.ToString());
+
+            // Instantiate another new Bicycle
+            Bicycle octo = new Bicycle(5, 10);
+            Console.WriteLine("octo info: " + octo.ToString());
+
+            // Instantiate a new Penny Farthing
+            PennyFarthing funbike = new PennyFarthing(1, 10);
+            Console.WriteLine("funbike info: " + funbike.ToString());
+
+            Console.Read();
+        } // End main method
+
+
+    } // End LearnCSharp class
+
+    // You can include other classes in a .cs file
+
+
+    // Class Declaration Syntax:
+    // <public/private/protected> class <class name>{
+    //    //data fields, constructors, functions all inside.
+    //    //functions are called as methods in Java.
+    // }
+
+    public class Bicycle
+    {
+        // Bicycle's Fields/Variables
+        public int cadence; // Public: Can be accessed from anywhere
+        private int _speed;  // Private: Only accessible from within the class
+        protected int gear; // Protected: Accessible from the class and subclasses
+        internal int wheels; // Internal: Accessible from within the assembly
+        string name; // default: Only accessible from within this class
+
+        // readonly values are set at run time
+        // they can only be assigned upon declaration or in a constructor
+        readonly bool hasCardsInSpokes = false; // read-only private
+
+        // Constructors are a way of creating classes
+        // This is a default constructor
+        public Bicycle()
+        {
+            gear = 1;
+            cadence = 50;
+            _speed = 5;
+            name = "Bontrager";
+        }
+
+        // This is a specified constructor (it contains arguments)
+        public Bicycle(int startCadence, int startSpeed, int startGear,
+                       string name, bool hasCardsInSpokes)
+        {
+            this.gear = startGear;
+            this.cadence = startCadence;
+            this._speed = startSpeed;
+            this.name = name;
+            this.hasCardsInSpokes = hasCardsInSpokes;
+        }
+
+        // Constructors can be chained
+        public Bicycle(int startCadence, int startSpeed) :
+            this(startCadence, startSpeed, 0, "big wheels", true)
+        {
+        }
+
+        // Function Syntax:
+        // <public/private/protected> <return type> <function name>(<args>)
+
+        // classes can implement getters and setters for their fields
+        // or they can implement properties
+
+        // Method declaration syntax:
+        // <scope> <return type> <method name>(<args>)
+        public int getCadence()
+        {
+            return cadence;
+        }
+
+        // void methods require no return statement
+        public void setCadence(int newValue)
+        {
+            cadence = newValue;
+        }
+
+        // virtual keyword indicates this method can be overridden
+        public virtual void setGear(int newValue)
+        {
+            gear = newValue;
+        }
+
+        public void speedUp(int increment)
+        {
+            _speed += increment;
+        }
+
+        public void slowDown(int decrement)
+        {
+            _speed -= decrement;
+        }
+
+        // properties get/set values
+        // when only data needs to be accessed, consider using properties.
+        // properties may have either get or set, or both
+        private bool _hasTassles; // private variable
+        public bool hasTassles // public accessor
+        {
+            get { return _hasTassles; }
+            set { _hasTassles = value; }
+        }
+
+        private int _frameSize;
+        public int FrameSize
+        {
+            get { return _frameSize; }
+            // you are able to specify access modifiers for either get or set
+            // this means only Bicycle class can call set on Framesize
+            private set { _frameSize = value; }
+        }
+
+        //Method to display the attribute values of this Object.
+        public override string ToString()
+        {
+            return "gear: " + gear +
+                    " cadence: " + cadence +
+                    " speed: " + _speed +
+                    " name: " + name +
+                    " cards in spokes: " + (hasCardsInSpokes ? "yes" : "no") +
+                    "\n------------------------------\n"
+                    ;
+        }
+    } // end class Bicycle
+
+    // PennyFarthing is a subclass of Bicycle
+    class PennyFarthing : Bicycle
+    {
+        // (Penny Farthings are those bicycles with the big front wheel.
+        // They have no gears.)
+
+        // calling parent constructor
+        public PennyFarthing(int startCadence, int startSpeed) :
+            base(startCadence, startSpeed, 0, "PennyFarthing", true)
+        {
+        }
+
+        public override void setGear(int gear)
+        {
+            gear = 0;
+        }
+    }
 } // End Namespace
 
 ```
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 2173dd419a1daa06efee295e3fe2cdbc40224433 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Max Yankov <golergka@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 17 Aug 2013 15:57:52 +0200
Subject: Accessing nullable's value in C#

---
 csharp.html.markdown | 4 ++++
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)

(limited to 'csharp.html.markdown')

diff --git a/csharp.html.markdown b/csharp.html.markdown
index c254b5a9..c9df6db9 100644
--- a/csharp.html.markdown
+++ b/csharp.html.markdown
@@ -144,6 +144,10 @@ namespace Learning
             int? nullable = null;
             Console.WriteLine("Nullable variable: " + nullable);
 
+            // In order to use nullable's value, you have to use Value property or to explicitly cast it
+            string? nullableString = "not null";
+            Console.WriteLine("Nullable value is: " + nullableString.Value + " or: " + (string) nullableString );
+
             // ?? is syntactic sugar for specifying default value
             // in case variable is null
             int notNullable = nullable ?? 0;
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 541fd3fb06bf6e97974123934ad89cb07a7ef289 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Max Yankov <golergka@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 17 Aug 2013 16:01:08 +0200
Subject: C# Coding style: property names start with capitals

---
 csharp.html.markdown | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'csharp.html.markdown')

diff --git a/csharp.html.markdown b/csharp.html.markdown
index c9df6db9..490c34bb 100644
--- a/csharp.html.markdown
+++ b/csharp.html.markdown
@@ -474,7 +474,7 @@ namespace Learning
         // when only data needs to be accessed, consider using properties.
         // properties may have either get or set, or both
         private bool _hasTassles; // private variable
-        public bool hasTassles // public accessor
+        public bool HasTassles // public accessor
         {
             get { return _hasTassles; }
             set { _hasTassles = value; }
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 4295e85d6097e2d331ff75a958a3a5a064795410 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Max Yankov <golergka@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 17 Aug 2013 16:03:35 +0200
Subject: C#: Auto-implemented properties

---
 csharp.html.markdown | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

(limited to 'csharp.html.markdown')

diff --git a/csharp.html.markdown b/csharp.html.markdown
index 490c34bb..951958b6 100644
--- a/csharp.html.markdown
+++ b/csharp.html.markdown
@@ -480,13 +480,13 @@ namespace Learning
             set { _hasTassles = value; }
         }
 
-        private int _frameSize;
+        // Properties can be auto-implemented
         public int FrameSize
         {
-            get { return _frameSize; }
+            get;
             // you are able to specify access modifiers for either get or set
             // this means only Bicycle class can call set on Framesize
-            private set { _frameSize = value; }
+            private set;
         }
 
         //Method to display the attribute values of this Object.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From c3df13db567b82fc0802e46c23e4e4486618b207 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Max Yankov <golergka@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 17 Aug 2013 16:06:04 +0200
Subject: C#: comments about "this" keyword

---
 csharp.html.markdown | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

(limited to 'csharp.html.markdown')

diff --git a/csharp.html.markdown b/csharp.html.markdown
index 951958b6..0cef8f05 100644
--- a/csharp.html.markdown
+++ b/csharp.html.markdown
@@ -422,10 +422,10 @@ namespace Learning
         public Bicycle(int startCadence, int startSpeed, int startGear,
                        string name, bool hasCardsInSpokes)
         {
-            this.gear = startGear;
+            this.gear = startGear; // "this" keyword denotes the current object
             this.cadence = startCadence;
             this._speed = startSpeed;
-            this.name = name;
+            this.name = name; // it can be useful when there's a name conflict
             this.hasCardsInSpokes = hasCardsInSpokes;
         }
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 0312c061b292985a5d849253480b0a8e5eafb332 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Max Yankov <golergka@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 17 Aug 2013 22:35:59 +0200
Subject: C#: Added myself to contributors list

---
 csharp.html.markdown | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

(limited to 'csharp.html.markdown')

diff --git a/csharp.html.markdown b/csharp.html.markdown
index 0cef8f05..b113b6d3 100644
--- a/csharp.html.markdown
+++ b/csharp.html.markdown
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 language: c#
 contributors:
     - ["Irfan Charania", "https://github.com/irfancharania"]
+    - ["Max Yankov", "https://github.com/golergka"]
 filename: LearnCSharp.cs
 
 ---
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From b488745fc646b16df4ef87ddb746af596ea6588f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Max Yankov <golergka@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 17 Aug 2013 22:45:01 +0200
Subject: Static field

---
 csharp.html.markdown | 8 +++++++-
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'csharp.html.markdown')

diff --git a/csharp.html.markdown b/csharp.html.markdown
index b113b6d3..3de1eb66 100644
--- a/csharp.html.markdown
+++ b/csharp.html.markdown
@@ -403,7 +403,12 @@ namespace Learning
         private int _speed;  // Private: Only accessible from within the class
         protected int gear; // Protected: Accessible from the class and subclasses
         internal int wheels; // Internal: Accessible from within the assembly
-        string name; // default: Only accessible from within this class
+        string name; // Everything is private by default: Only accessible from within this class
+
+        // Static members belong to the type itself rather then specific object.
+        static public int bicyclesCreated = 0;
+        // You can access them without a reference to any object:
+        // Console.WriteLine("Bicycles created: " + Bicycle.bicyclesCreated);
 
         // readonly values are set at run time
         // they can only be assigned upon declaration or in a constructor
@@ -417,6 +422,7 @@ namespace Learning
             cadence = 50;
             _speed = 5;
             name = "Bontrager";
+            bicyclesCreated++;
         }
 
         // This is a specified constructor (it contains arguments)
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 964476a6e859959a3c1ae6a005ba82ba0d6b234e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Max Yankov <golergka@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 17 Aug 2013 22:45:58 +0200
Subject: C#: Lacking static members

---
 csharp.html.markdown | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

(limited to 'csharp.html.markdown')

diff --git a/csharp.html.markdown b/csharp.html.markdown
index 3de1eb66..584d40fd 100644
--- a/csharp.html.markdown
+++ b/csharp.html.markdown
@@ -535,6 +535,7 @@ namespace Learning
  * Enums, Flags
  * Attributes
  * Generics (T), Delegates, Func, Actions, lambda expressions
+ * Static properties, methods and classes
  * Exceptions, Interfaces, Abstraction
  * LINQ
  * ASP.NET (Web Forms/MVC/WebMatrix)
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From bb1f4eb93a70882f959acf6e849a9663ad74deca Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Max Yankov <golergka@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 17 Aug 2013 22:49:36 +0200
Subject: C#: edited example code according to Microsoft's naming conventions

---
 csharp.html.markdown | 12 ++++++------
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

(limited to 'csharp.html.markdown')

diff --git a/csharp.html.markdown b/csharp.html.markdown
index 584d40fd..0740c3ed 100644
--- a/csharp.html.markdown
+++ b/csharp.html.markdown
@@ -450,29 +450,29 @@ namespace Learning
 
         // Method declaration syntax:
         // <scope> <return type> <method name>(<args>)
-        public int getCadence()
+        public int GetCadence()
         {
             return cadence;
         }
 
         // void methods require no return statement
-        public void setCadence(int newValue)
+        public void SetCadence(int newValue)
         {
             cadence = newValue;
         }
 
         // virtual keyword indicates this method can be overridden
-        public virtual void setGear(int newValue)
+        public virtual void SetGear(int newValue)
         {
             gear = newValue;
         }
 
-        public void speedUp(int increment)
+        public void SpeedUp(int increment)
         {
             _speed += increment;
         }
 
-        public void slowDown(int decrement)
+        public void SlowDown(int decrement)
         {
             _speed -= decrement;
         }
@@ -521,7 +521,7 @@ namespace Learning
         {
         }
 
-        public override void setGear(int gear)
+        public override void SetGear(int gear)
         {
             gear = 0;
         }
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From ccdc21900d090a88ca02e25007f4e3c197b8f50e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Max Yankov <golergka@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 17 Aug 2013 23:08:24 +0200
Subject: C#: enums

---
 csharp.html.markdown | 23 +++++++++++++++++++----
 1 file changed, 19 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

(limited to 'csharp.html.markdown')

diff --git a/csharp.html.markdown b/csharp.html.markdown
index 0740c3ed..fefcb0bb 100644
--- a/csharp.html.markdown
+++ b/csharp.html.markdown
@@ -405,6 +405,19 @@ namespace Learning
         internal int wheels; // Internal: Accessible from within the assembly
         string name; // Everything is private by default: Only accessible from within this class
 
+        // Enum is a value type that consists of a set of named constants
+        public enum Brand
+        {
+            AIST,
+            BMC,
+            Electra,
+            Gitane
+        }
+        // We defined this type inside a Bicycle class, so it is a nested type
+        // Code outside of this class should reference this type as Bicycle.Brand
+
+        public Brand brand; // After declaing an enum type, we can declare the field of this type
+
         // Static members belong to the type itself rather then specific object.
         static public int bicyclesCreated = 0;
         // You can access them without a reference to any object:
@@ -416,28 +429,30 @@ namespace Learning
 
         // Constructors are a way of creating classes
         // This is a default constructor
-        public Bicycle()
+        private Bicycle()
         {
             gear = 1;
             cadence = 50;
             _speed = 5;
             name = "Bontrager";
+            brand = Brand.AIST;
             bicyclesCreated++;
         }
 
         // This is a specified constructor (it contains arguments)
         public Bicycle(int startCadence, int startSpeed, int startGear,
-                       string name, bool hasCardsInSpokes)
+                       string name, bool hasCardsInSpokes, Brand brand)
         {
             this.gear = startGear; // "this" keyword denotes the current object
             this.cadence = startCadence;
             this._speed = startSpeed;
             this.name = name; // it can be useful when there's a name conflict
             this.hasCardsInSpokes = hasCardsInSpokes;
+            this.brand = brand;
         }
 
         // Constructors can be chained
-        public Bicycle(int startCadence, int startSpeed) :
+        public Bicycle(int startCadence, int startSpeed, Brand brand) :
             this(startCadence, startSpeed, 0, "big wheels", true)
         {
         }
@@ -532,7 +547,7 @@ namespace Learning
 
 ## Topics Not Covered
 
- * Enums, Flags
+ * Flags
  * Attributes
  * Generics (T), Delegates, Func, Actions, lambda expressions
  * Static properties, methods and classes
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From dd1a6193605909f3d6abf7795cd18261b27696b9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Max Yankov <golergka@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 17 Aug 2013 23:09:07 +0200
Subject: C#: default parameter values

---
 csharp.html.markdown | 5 +++--
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

(limited to 'csharp.html.markdown')

diff --git a/csharp.html.markdown b/csharp.html.markdown
index fefcb0bb..599aaca3 100644
--- a/csharp.html.markdown
+++ b/csharp.html.markdown
@@ -482,12 +482,13 @@ namespace Learning
             gear = newValue;
         }
 
-        public void SpeedUp(int increment)
+        // Method parameters can have defaut values. In this case, methods can be called with these parameters omitted
+        public void SpeedUp(int increment = 1)
         {
             _speed += increment;
         }
 
-        public void SlowDown(int decrement)
+        public void SlowDown(int decrement = 1)
         {
             _speed -= decrement;
         }
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 41ec7af8e5ac7e4a7ab8b8fc008466be98b0cdc4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Max Yankov <golergka@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 17 Aug 2013 23:09:21 +0200
Subject: Static methods

---
 csharp.html.markdown | 10 +++++++++-
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'csharp.html.markdown')

diff --git a/csharp.html.markdown b/csharp.html.markdown
index 599aaca3..22fb58e1 100644
--- a/csharp.html.markdown
+++ b/csharp.html.markdown
@@ -523,6 +523,14 @@ namespace Learning
                     "\n------------------------------\n"
                     ;
         }
+
+        // Methods can also be static. It can be useful for helper methods
+        public static bool DidWeCreateEnoughBycles()
+        {
+            // Within a static method, we only can reference static class memebers
+            return bicyclesCreated > 9000;
+        } // If your class only needs static members, consider marking the class itself as static.
+
     } // end class Bicycle
 
     // PennyFarthing is a subclass of Bicycle
@@ -551,7 +559,7 @@ namespace Learning
  * Flags
  * Attributes
  * Generics (T), Delegates, Func, Actions, lambda expressions
- * Static properties, methods and classes
+ * Static properties
  * Exceptions, Interfaces, Abstraction
  * LINQ
  * ASP.NET (Web Forms/MVC/WebMatrix)
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From cae70d430e40478e2c916489e53ffcb24f8fe024 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Max Yankov <golergka@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 17 Aug 2013 23:28:21 +0200
Subject: C#: calling base method

---
 csharp.html.markdown | 7 +++++++
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+)

(limited to 'csharp.html.markdown')

diff --git a/csharp.html.markdown b/csharp.html.markdown
index 22fb58e1..0012fcb3 100644
--- a/csharp.html.markdown
+++ b/csharp.html.markdown
@@ -549,6 +549,13 @@ namespace Learning
         {
             gear = 0;
         }
+
+        public override string ToString()
+        {
+            string result = "PennyFarthing bicycle ";
+            result += base.ToString(); // Calling the base version of the method
+            return reuslt;
+        }
     }
 } // End Namespace
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From a225349acb165084a9da95f2da631a7525c513d3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Max Yankov <golergka@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 17 Aug 2013 23:28:55 +0200
Subject: C#: interfaces

---
 csharp.html.markdown | 32 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 31 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'csharp.html.markdown')

diff --git a/csharp.html.markdown b/csharp.html.markdown
index 0012fcb3..55de415d 100644
--- a/csharp.html.markdown
+++ b/csharp.html.markdown
@@ -557,6 +557,36 @@ namespace Learning
             return reuslt;
         }
     }
+
+    // Interfaces only contain signatures of the members, without the implementation.
+    interface IJumpable
+    {
+        void Jump(int meters); // all interface members are implicitly public
+    }
+
+    interface IBreakable
+    {
+        bool Broken { get; } // interfaces can contain properties as well as methods, fields & events
+    }
+
+    // Class can inherit only one other class, but can implement any amount of interfaces
+    class MountainBike : Bicycle, IJumpable, IBreakable
+    {
+        int damage = 0;
+
+        public void Jump(int meters)
+        {
+            damage += meters;
+        }
+
+        public void Broken
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                return damage > 100;
+            }
+        }
+    }
 } // End Namespace
 
 ```
@@ -567,7 +597,7 @@ namespace Learning
  * Attributes
  * Generics (T), Delegates, Func, Actions, lambda expressions
  * Static properties
- * Exceptions, Interfaces, Abstraction
+ * Exceptions, Abstraction
  * LINQ
  * ASP.NET (Web Forms/MVC/WebMatrix)
  * Winforms
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 1dd0e00f2249526520b047c6852d22a7ee2df7ad Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Adam <adam@adambard.com>
Date: Fri, 13 Sep 2013 10:28:48 -0700
Subject: Fixed a bunch of headers

---
 csharp.html.markdown | 2 --
 1 file changed, 2 deletions(-)

(limited to 'csharp.html.markdown')

diff --git a/csharp.html.markdown b/csharp.html.markdown
index 55de415d..d3adbd01 100644
--- a/csharp.html.markdown
+++ b/csharp.html.markdown
@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
 ---
-
 language: c#
 contributors:
     - ["Irfan Charania", "https://github.com/irfancharania"]
     - ["Max Yankov", "https://github.com/golergka"]
 filename: LearnCSharp.cs
-
 ---
 
 C# is an elegant and type-safe object-oriented language that enables developers to build a variety of secure and robust applications that run on the .NET Framework.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From fceaa4a7cf0bcca54306ce6994f273f6b3710290 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Melvyn <melvyn.laily@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 21 Sep 2013 15:05:14 -0400
Subject: added Decimal type example for C#

---
 csharp.html.markdown | 6 +++++-
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'csharp.html.markdown')

diff --git a/csharp.html.markdown b/csharp.html.markdown
index d3adbd01..bb36d6ce 100644
--- a/csharp.html.markdown
+++ b/csharp.html.markdown
@@ -95,8 +95,12 @@ namespace Learning
             // Double - Double-precision 64-bit IEEE 754 Floating Point
             // Precision: 15-16 digits
             double fooDouble = 123.4;
+			
+			// Decimal - a 128-bits data type, with more precision than other floating-point types,
+			// suited for financial and monetary calculations
+			decimal fooDecimal = 150.3m;
 
-            // Bool - true & false
+            // Boolean - true & false
             bool fooBoolean = true;
             bool barBoolean = false;
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 81c0480780a600ef27071285e002e8ea78dc727c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Melvyn <melvyn.laily@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 21 Sep 2013 15:23:24 -0400
Subject: corrected errors about the nullable types for C#

---
 csharp.html.markdown | 18 +++++++++++++-----
 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

(limited to 'csharp.html.markdown')

diff --git a/csharp.html.markdown b/csharp.html.markdown
index bb36d6ce..16e3749e 100644
--- a/csharp.html.markdown
+++ b/csharp.html.markdown
@@ -107,7 +107,8 @@ namespace Learning
             // Char - A single 16-bit Unicode character
             char fooChar = 'A';
 
-            // Strings
+            // Strings -- unlike the previous base types which are all value types,
+			// a string is a reference type. That is, you can set it to null
             string fooString = "My string is here!";
             Console.WriteLine(fooString);
 
@@ -142,14 +143,21 @@ namespace Learning
             const int HOURS_I_WORK_PER_WEEK = 9001;
 
             // Nullable types
-            // any type can be made nullable by suffixing a ?
+            // any value type (i.e. not a class) can be made nullable by suffixing a ?
             // <type>? <var name> = <value>
             int? nullable = null;
             Console.WriteLine("Nullable variable: " + nullable);
 
-            // In order to use nullable's value, you have to use Value property or to explicitly cast it
-            string? nullableString = "not null";
-            Console.WriteLine("Nullable value is: " + nullableString.Value + " or: " + (string) nullableString );
+            // In order to use nullable's value, you have to use Value property
+			// or to explicitly cast it
+            DateTime? nullableDate = null; 
+			// The previous line would not have compiled without the '?'
+			// because DateTime is a value type
+			// <type>? is equivalent to writing Nullable<type>
+			Nullable<DateTime> otherNullableDate = nullableDate;
+			
+			nullableDate = DateTime.Now;
+            Console.WriteLine("Nullable value is: " + nullableDate.Value + " or: " + (DateTime) nullableDate );
 
             // ?? is syntactic sugar for specifying default value
             // in case variable is null
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From a2b14fcedfaa01d6dea7d7682b82fc5ddae9b84d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Melvyn <melvyn.laily@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 21 Sep 2013 15:27:55 -0400
Subject: mentioned strings immutability and added details about var keyword
 (C#)

---
 csharp.html.markdown | 5 +++++
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+)

(limited to 'csharp.html.markdown')

diff --git a/csharp.html.markdown b/csharp.html.markdown
index 16e3749e..c6394974 100644
--- a/csharp.html.markdown
+++ b/csharp.html.markdown
@@ -111,6 +111,9 @@ namespace Learning
 			// a string is a reference type. That is, you can set it to null
             string fooString = "My string is here!";
             Console.WriteLine(fooString);
+			// You can access each character of the string with an indexer:
+			char charFromString = fooString[1]; // 'y'
+			// Strings are immutable: you can't do fooString[1] = 'X';
 
             // formatting
             string fooFs = string.Format("Check Check, {0} {1}, {0} {1:0.0}", 1, 2);
@@ -165,6 +168,8 @@ namespace Learning
             Console.WriteLine("Not nullable variable: " + notNullable);
 
             // Var - compiler will choose the most appropriate type based on value
+			// Please not that this does not remove type safety.
+			// In this case, the type of fooImplicit is known to be a bool at compile time
             var fooImplicit = true;
 
             ///////////////////////////////////////////////////
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From dbfaa5ba52758cc826e710024f0be22404817e5c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Melvyn <melvyn.laily@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 21 Sep 2013 15:29:03 -0400
Subject: typo (not instead of note) for C# doc

---
 csharp.html.markdown | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'csharp.html.markdown')

diff --git a/csharp.html.markdown b/csharp.html.markdown
index c6394974..2854a49b 100644
--- a/csharp.html.markdown
+++ b/csharp.html.markdown
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ namespace Learning
             Console.WriteLine("Not nullable variable: " + notNullable);
 
             // Var - compiler will choose the most appropriate type based on value
-			// Please not that this does not remove type safety.
+			// Please note that this does not remove type safety.
 			// In this case, the type of fooImplicit is known to be a bool at compile time
             var fooImplicit = true;
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 41cf74fa53b1d315e2909e1ea62f4874727b578a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Melvyn <melvyn.laily@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 21 Sep 2013 15:33:11 -0400
Subject: corrections for C# doc

---
 csharp.html.markdown | 3 +--
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 2 deletions(-)

(limited to 'csharp.html.markdown')

diff --git a/csharp.html.markdown b/csharp.html.markdown
index 2854a49b..7239ca52 100644
--- a/csharp.html.markdown
+++ b/csharp.html.markdown
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ namespace Learning
             // Others data structures to check out:
             //
             // Stack/Queue
-            // Dictionary
+            // Dictionary (an implementation of a hash map)
             // Read-only Collections
             // Tuple (.Net 4+)
 
@@ -252,7 +252,6 @@ namespace Learning
             ~       Unary bitwise complement
             <<      Signed left shift
             >>      Signed right shift
-            >>>     Unsigned right shift
             &       Bitwise AND
             ^       Bitwise exclusive OR
             |       Bitwise inclusive OR
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 67b9af44925a66ac0dc278050bcaaa80fd50f21c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Melvyn <melvyn.laily@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 21 Sep 2013 15:39:59 -0400
Subject: added details for the switch statement for C#

---
 csharp.html.markdown | 8 ++++++++
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+)

(limited to 'csharp.html.markdown')

diff --git a/csharp.html.markdown b/csharp.html.markdown
index 7239ca52..dcbb30d1 100644
--- a/csharp.html.markdown
+++ b/csharp.html.markdown
@@ -343,6 +343,14 @@ namespace Learning
                 case 3:
                     monthString = "March";
                     break;
+				// You can assign more than one case to an action
+				// But you can't add an action without a break before another case
+				// (if you want to do this, you would have to explicitly add a goto case x
+				case 6:
+				case 7:
+				case 8:
+					monthString = "Summer time!!";
+					break;
                 default:
                     monthString = "Some other month";
                     break;
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 3b5e4837bda104ca6e23b65327f819953d1c1b2e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Melvyn <melvyn.laily@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 21 Sep 2013 15:49:20 -0400
Subject: more details for the enums (C#)

---
 csharp.html.markdown | 9 ++++++---
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

(limited to 'csharp.html.markdown')

diff --git a/csharp.html.markdown b/csharp.html.markdown
index dcbb30d1..76af24af 100644
--- a/csharp.html.markdown
+++ b/csharp.html.markdown
@@ -359,7 +359,7 @@ namespace Learning
 
 
             ///////////////////////////////////////
-            // Converting Data Types And Typcasting
+            // Converting Data Types And Typecasting
             ///////////////////////////////////////
 
             // Converting data
@@ -413,7 +413,7 @@ namespace Learning
 
 
     // Class Declaration Syntax:
-    // <public/private/protected> class <class name>{
+    // <public/private/protected/internal> class <class name>{
     //    //data fields, constructors, functions all inside.
     //    //functions are called as methods in Java.
     // }
@@ -428,11 +428,14 @@ namespace Learning
         string name; // Everything is private by default: Only accessible from within this class
 
         // Enum is a value type that consists of a set of named constants
+		// It is really just mapping a name to a value (an int, unless specified otherwise).
+		// The approved types for an enum are byte, sbyte, short, ushort, int, uint, long, or ulong.
+		// An enum can't contain the same value twice.
         public enum Brand
         {
             AIST,
             BMC,
-            Electra,
+            Electra=42, //you can explicitly set a value to a name
             Gitane
         }
         // We defined this type inside a Bicycle class, so it is a nested type
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 10bb7dbce413be31916c02b340b15f1a4e4a6a23 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Melvyn <melvyn.laily@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 21 Sep 2013 16:00:08 -0400
Subject: various typos + added an example to declare an auto property (C#)

---
 csharp.html.markdown | 17 +++++++++++------
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

(limited to 'csharp.html.markdown')

diff --git a/csharp.html.markdown b/csharp.html.markdown
index 76af24af..0c459bdb 100644
--- a/csharp.html.markdown
+++ b/csharp.html.markdown
@@ -441,7 +441,7 @@ namespace Learning
         // We defined this type inside a Bicycle class, so it is a nested type
         // Code outside of this class should reference this type as Bicycle.Brand
 
-        public Brand brand; // After declaing an enum type, we can declare the field of this type
+        public Brand brand; // After declaring an enum type, we can declare the field of this type
 
         // Static members belong to the type itself rather then specific object.
         static public int bicyclesCreated = 0;
@@ -486,7 +486,7 @@ namespace Learning
         // <public/private/protected> <return type> <function name>(<args>)
 
         // classes can implement getters and setters for their fields
-        // or they can implement properties
+        // or they can implement properties (this is the preferred way in C#)
 
         // Method declaration syntax:
         // <scope> <return type> <method name>(<args>)
@@ -501,13 +501,13 @@ namespace Learning
             cadence = newValue;
         }
 
-        // virtual keyword indicates this method can be overridden
+        // virtual keyword indicates this method can be overridden in a derived class
         public virtual void SetGear(int newValue)
         {
             gear = newValue;
         }
 
-        // Method parameters can have defaut values. In this case, methods can be called with these parameters omitted
+        // Method parameters can have default values. In this case, methods can be called with these parameters omitted
         public void SpeedUp(int increment = 1)
         {
             _speed += increment;
@@ -527,6 +527,11 @@ namespace Learning
             get { return _hasTassles; }
             set { _hasTassles = value; }
         }
+		
+		// You can also define an automatic property in one line
+		// this syntax will create a backing field automatically.
+		// You can set an access modifier on either the getter or the setter (or both) to restrict its access:
+		public bool IsBroken { get; private set; }
 
         // Properties can be auto-implemented
         public int FrameSize
@@ -552,7 +557,7 @@ namespace Learning
         // Methods can also be static. It can be useful for helper methods
         public static bool DidWeCreateEnoughBycles()
         {
-            // Within a static method, we only can reference static class memebers
+            // Within a static method, we only can reference static class members
             return bicyclesCreated > 9000;
         } // If your class only needs static members, consider marking the class itself as static.
 
@@ -591,7 +596,7 @@ namespace Learning
 
     interface IBreakable
     {
-        bool Broken { get; } // interfaces can contain properties as well as methods, fields & events
+        bool Broken { get; } // interfaces can contain properties as well as methods & events
     }
 
     // Class can inherit only one other class, but can implement any amount of interfaces
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 758cd94b33dcfce89ab308c67725513184fb3c4b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Melvyn <melvyn.laily@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 21 Sep 2013 16:07:43 -0400
Subject: added an example for the foreach loop in C#

---
 csharp.html.markdown | 11 +++++++++++
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+)

(limited to 'csharp.html.markdown')

diff --git a/csharp.html.markdown b/csharp.html.markdown
index 0c459bdb..e6a174c3 100644
--- a/csharp.html.markdown
+++ b/csharp.html.markdown
@@ -324,6 +324,17 @@ namespace Learning
                 //Iterated 10 times, fooFor 0->9
             }
             Console.WriteLine("fooFor Value: " + fooFor);
+			
+			// For Each Loop
+            // foreach loop structure => foreach(<iteratorType> <iteratorName> in <enumerable>)
+			// The foreach loop loops over any object implementing IEnumerable or IEnumerable<T>
+			// All the collection types (Array, List, Dictionary...) in the .Net framework implement one or both of these interfaces
+			// (The ToCharArray() could be removed, because a string also implements IEnumerable)
+            foreach (char character in "Hello World".ToCharArray())
+            {
+                //Console.WriteLine(character);
+                //Iterated over all the characters in the string
+            }
 
             // Switch Case
             // A switch works with the byte, short, char, and int data types.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 71a62e642d2f31dcdc62aee9fd61ca6fa18d1c57 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Melvyn <melvyn.laily@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 21 Sep 2013 16:11:45 -0400
Subject: breaking some lines (C#)

---
 csharp.html.markdown | 9 ++++++---
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

(limited to 'csharp.html.markdown')

diff --git a/csharp.html.markdown b/csharp.html.markdown
index e6a174c3..8b293534 100644
--- a/csharp.html.markdown
+++ b/csharp.html.markdown
@@ -328,7 +328,8 @@ namespace Learning
 			// For Each Loop
             // foreach loop structure => foreach(<iteratorType> <iteratorName> in <enumerable>)
 			// The foreach loop loops over any object implementing IEnumerable or IEnumerable<T>
-			// All the collection types (Array, List, Dictionary...) in the .Net framework implement one or both of these interfaces
+			// All the collection types (Array, List, Dictionary...) in the .Net framework
+			// implement one or both of these interfaces.
 			// (The ToCharArray() could be removed, because a string also implements IEnumerable)
             foreach (char character in "Hello World".ToCharArray())
             {
@@ -518,7 +519,8 @@ namespace Learning
             gear = newValue;
         }
 
-        // Method parameters can have default values. In this case, methods can be called with these parameters omitted
+        // Method parameters can have default values.
+		// In this case, methods can be called with these parameters omitted
         public void SpeedUp(int increment = 1)
         {
             _speed += increment;
@@ -541,7 +543,8 @@ namespace Learning
 		
 		// You can also define an automatic property in one line
 		// this syntax will create a backing field automatically.
-		// You can set an access modifier on either the getter or the setter (or both) to restrict its access:
+		// You can set an access modifier on either the getter or the setter (or both)
+		// to restrict its access:
 		public bool IsBroken { get; private set; }
 
         // Properties can be auto-implemented
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 6d5509e94b7e752e11285a86a2fe8f7f72e9f600 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Melvyn <melvyn.laily@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 21 Sep 2013 16:16:04 -0400
Subject: added myself to the contributors (C#)

---
 csharp.html.markdown | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

(limited to 'csharp.html.markdown')

diff --git a/csharp.html.markdown b/csharp.html.markdown
index 8b293534..1471b833 100644
--- a/csharp.html.markdown
+++ b/csharp.html.markdown
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ language: c#
 contributors:
     - ["Irfan Charania", "https://github.com/irfancharania"]
     - ["Max Yankov", "https://github.com/golergka"]
+	- ["Melvyn Laïly", "http://x2a.yt"]
 filename: LearnCSharp.cs
 ---
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 0cee5bd79af4deefe246dde09cdfcd44dca80558 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shaun McCarthy <git@shaunmccarthy.com>
Date: Sat, 26 Oct 2013 14:34:39 -0400
Subject: Added Interesting Features (and fixed / cleaned up other code)

Fixed syntax errors, made items more succinct, and added a section of interesting features in c#
---
 csharp.html.markdown | 583 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------------------
 1 file changed, 354 insertions(+), 229 deletions(-)

(limited to 'csharp.html.markdown')

diff --git a/csharp.html.markdown b/csharp.html.markdown
index 1471b833..f4c30b03 100644
--- a/csharp.html.markdown
+++ b/csharp.html.markdown
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ language: c#
 contributors:
     - ["Irfan Charania", "https://github.com/irfancharania"]
     - ["Max Yankov", "https://github.com/golergka"]
-	- ["Melvyn Laïly", "http://x2a.yt"]
-filename: LearnCSharp.cs
+    - ["Melvyn Laïly", "http://x2a.yt"]
+    - ["Shaun McCarthy", "http://www.shaunmccarthy.com"]
 ---
 
 C# is an elegant and type-safe object-oriented language that enables developers to build a variety of secure and robust applications that run on the .NET Framework.
@@ -23,7 +23,12 @@ Multi-line comments look like this
 // Specify namespaces application will be using
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
-
+using System.Data.Entity;
+using System.Dynamic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Linq.Expressions;
+using System.Net;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
 
 // defines scope to organize code into "packages"
 namespace Learning
@@ -32,8 +37,8 @@ namespace Learning
     // you're allowed to do otherwise, but shouldn't for sanity.
     public class LearnCSharp
     {
-        // A console application must have a main method as an entry point
-        public static void Main(string[] args)
+        // BASIC SYNTAX - skip to INTERESTING FEATURES if you have used Java or C++ before
+        public static void Syntax() 
         {
             // Use Console.WriteLine to print lines
             Console.WriteLine("Hello World");
@@ -46,7 +51,6 @@ namespace Learning
             Console.Write("Hello ");
             Console.Write("World");
 
-
             ///////////////////////////////////////////////////
             // Types & Variables
             //
@@ -61,140 +65,83 @@ namespace Learning
             // (0 <= byte <= 255)
             byte fooByte = 100;
 
-            // Short - Signed 16-bit integer
-            // (-32,768 <= short <= 32,767)
+            // Short - 16-bit integer
+            // Signed - (-32,768 <= short <= 32,767)
+            // Unsigned - (0 <= ushort <= 65,535)
             short fooShort = 10000;
-
-            // Ushort - Unsigned 16-bit integer
-            // (0 <= ushort <= 65,535)
             ushort fooUshort = 10000;
 
-            // Integer - Signed 32-bit integer
-            // (-2,147,483,648 <= int <= 2,147,483,647)
-            int fooInt = 1;
+            // Integer - 32-bit integer
+            int fooInt = 1; // (-2,147,483,648 <= int <= 2,147,483,647)
+            uint fooUint = 1; // (0 <= uint <= 4,294,967,295)
 
-            // Uinteger - Unsigned 32-bit integer
-            // (0 <= uint <= 4,294,967,295)
-            uint fooUint = 1;
-
-            // Long - Signed 64-bit integer
-            // (-9,223,372,036,854,775,808 <= long <= 9,223,372,036,854,775,807)
-            long fooLong = 100000L;
+            // Long - 64-bit integer
+            long fooLong = 100000L; // (-9,223,372,036,854,775,808 <= long <= 9,223,372,036,854,775,807)
+            ulong fooUlong = 100000L; // (0 <= ulong <= 18,446,744,073,709,551,615)
+            // Numbers default to being int or uint depending on size.
             // L is used to denote that this variable value is of type long or ulong
-            // anything without is treated as int or uint depending on size.
 
-            // Ulong - Unsigned 64-bit integer
-            // (0 <= ulong <= 18,446,744,073,709,551,615)
-            ulong fooUlong = 100000L;
+            // Double - Double-precision 64-bit IEEE 754 Floating Point
+            double fooDouble = 123.4; // Precision: 15-16 digits
 
             // Float - Single-precision 32-bit IEEE 754 Floating Point
-            // Precision: 7 digits
-            float fooFloat = 234.5f;
-            // f is used to denote that this variable value is of type float;
-            // otherwise it is treated as double.
+            float fooFloat = 234.5f; // Precision: 7 digits
+            // f is used to denote that this variable value is of type float
 
-            // Double - Double-precision 64-bit IEEE 754 Floating Point
-            // Precision: 15-16 digits
-            double fooDouble = 123.4;
-			
-			// Decimal - a 128-bits data type, with more precision than other floating-point types,
-			// suited for financial and monetary calculations
-			decimal fooDecimal = 150.3m;
+            // Decimal - a 128-bits data type, with more precision than other floating-point types,
+            // suited for financial and monetary calculations
+            decimal fooDecimal = 150.3m;
 
             // Boolean - true & false
-            bool fooBoolean = true;
-            bool barBoolean = false;
+            bool fooBoolean = true; // or false
 
             // Char - A single 16-bit Unicode character
             char fooChar = 'A';
 
             // Strings -- unlike the previous base types which are all value types,
-			// a string is a reference type. That is, you can set it to null
-            string fooString = "My string is here!";
+            // a string is a reference type. That is, you can set it to null
+            string fooString = "\"escape\" quotes and add \n (new lines) and \t (tabs)";
             Console.WriteLine(fooString);
-			// You can access each character of the string with an indexer:
-			char charFromString = fooString[1]; // 'y'
-			// Strings are immutable: you can't do fooString[1] = 'X';
 
-            // formatting
+            // You can access each character of the string with an indexer:
+            char charFromString = fooString[1]; // 'y'
+            // Strings are immutable: you can't do fooString[1] = 'X';
+
+            // Compare strings with current culture, ignoring case
+            string.Compare(fooString, "x", StringComparison.CurrentCultureIgnoreCase);
+
+            // Formatting, based on sprintf
             string fooFs = string.Format("Check Check, {0} {1}, {0} {1:0.0}", 1, 2);
-            Console.WriteLine(fooFormattedString);
 
-            // formatting dates
+            // Dates & Formatting
             DateTime fooDate = DateTime.Now;
             Console.WriteLine(fooDate.ToString("hh:mm, dd MMM yyyy"));
 
-            // \n is an escaped character that starts a new line
-            string barString = "Printing on a new line?\nNo Problem!";
-            Console.WriteLine(barString);
-
-            // it can be written prettier by using the @ symbol
+            // You can split a string over two lines with the @ symbol. To escape " use ""
             string bazString = @"Here's some stuff
-    on a new line!";
-            Console.WriteLine(bazString);
-
-            // quotes need to be escaped
-            // use \" normally
-            string quotedString = "some \"quoted\" stuff";
-            Console.WriteLine(quotedString);
-
-            // use "" when strings start with @
-            string quotedString2 = @"some MORE ""quoted"" stuff";
-            Console.WriteLine(quotedString2);
+on a new line! ""Wow!"", the masses cried";
 
             // Use const or read-only to make a variable immutable
             // const values are calculated at compile time
             const int HOURS_I_WORK_PER_WEEK = 9001;
 
-            // Nullable types
-            // any value type (i.e. not a class) can be made nullable by suffixing a ?
-            // <type>? <var name> = <value>
-            int? nullable = null;
-            Console.WriteLine("Nullable variable: " + nullable);
-
-            // In order to use nullable's value, you have to use Value property
-			// or to explicitly cast it
-            DateTime? nullableDate = null; 
-			// The previous line would not have compiled without the '?'
-			// because DateTime is a value type
-			// <type>? is equivalent to writing Nullable<type>
-			Nullable<DateTime> otherNullableDate = nullableDate;
-			
-			nullableDate = DateTime.Now;
-            Console.WriteLine("Nullable value is: " + nullableDate.Value + " or: " + (DateTime) nullableDate );
-
-            // ?? is syntactic sugar for specifying default value
-            // in case variable is null
-            int notNullable = nullable ?? 0;
-            Console.WriteLine("Not nullable variable: " + notNullable);
-
-            // Var - compiler will choose the most appropriate type based on value
-			// Please note that this does not remove type safety.
-			// In this case, the type of fooImplicit is known to be a bool at compile time
-            var fooImplicit = true;
-
             ///////////////////////////////////////////////////
             // Data Structures
             ///////////////////////////////////////////////////
-            Console.WriteLine("\n->Data Structures");
 
-            // Arrays
+            // Arrays - zero indexed
             // The array size must be decided upon declaration
             // The format for declaring an array is follows:
             // <datatype>[] <var name> = new <datatype>[<array size>];
             int[] intArray = new int[10];
-            string[] stringArray = new string[1];
-            bool[] boolArray = new bool[100];
 
             // Another way to declare & initialize an array
             int[] y = { 9000, 1000, 1337 };
 
             // Indexing an array - Accessing an element
             Console.WriteLine("intArray @ 0: " + intArray[0]);
-
-            // Arrays are zero-indexed and mutable.
+            // Arrays are mutable.
             intArray[1] = 1;
-            Console.WriteLine("intArray @ 1: " + intArray[1]); // => 1
 
             // Lists
             // Lists are used more frequently than arrays as they are more flexible
@@ -202,28 +149,21 @@ namespace Learning
             // List<datatype> <var name> = new List<datatype>();
             List<int> intList = new List<int>();
             List<string> stringList = new List<string>();
-
-            // Another way to declare & initialize a list
-            List<int> z = new List<int> { 9000, 1000, 1337 };
-
-            // Indexing a list - Accessing an element
-            // Lists are zero-indexed and mutable.
-            Console.WriteLine("z @ 0: " + z[2]);
+            List<int> z = new List<int> { 9000, 1000, 1337 }; // intialize
+            // The <> are for templates - Check out the cool stuff section
 
             // Lists don't default to a value;
             // A value must be added before accessing the index
             intList.Add(1);
             Console.WriteLine("intList @ 0: " + intList[0]);
 
-
             // Others data structures to check out:
-            //
             // Stack/Queue
             // Dictionary (an implementation of a hash map)
+            // HashSet
             // Read-only Collections
             // Tuple (.Net 4+)
 
-
             ///////////////////////////////////////
             // Operators
             ///////////////////////////////////////
@@ -232,10 +172,7 @@ namespace Learning
             int i1 = 1, i2 = 2; // Shorthand for multiple declarations
 
             // Arithmetic is straightforward
-            Console.WriteLine("1+2 = " + (i1 + i2)); // => 3
-            Console.WriteLine("2-1 = " + (i2 - i1)); // => 1
-            Console.WriteLine("2*1 = " + (i2 * i1)); // => 2
-            Console.WriteLine("1/2 = " + (i1 / i2)); // => 0 (0.5 truncated down)
+            Console.WriteLine(i1 + i2 - i1 * 3 / 7); //
 
             // Modulo
             Console.WriteLine("11%3 = " + (11 % 3)); // => 2
@@ -266,7 +203,6 @@ namespace Learning
             Console.WriteLine(i--); //i = 1. Post-Decrementation
             Console.WriteLine(--i); //i = 0. Pre-Decrementation
 
-
             ///////////////////////////////////////
             // Control Structures
             ///////////////////////////////////////
@@ -291,50 +227,37 @@ namespace Learning
             // A simple if/else can be written as follows
             // <condition> ? <true> : <false>
             string isTrue = (true) ? "True" : "False";
-            Console.WriteLine("Ternary demo: " + isTrue);
-
 
             // While loop
             int fooWhile = 0;
             while (fooWhile < 100)
             {
-                //Console.WriteLine(fooWhile);
-                //Increment the counter
                 //Iterated 99 times, fooWhile 0->99
                 fooWhile++;
             }
-            Console.WriteLine("fooWhile Value: " + fooWhile);
 
             // Do While Loop
             int fooDoWhile = 0;
             do
             {
-                //Console.WriteLine(fooDoWhile);
-                //Increment the counter
                 //Iterated 99 times, fooDoWhile 0->99
                 fooDoWhile++;
             } while (fooDoWhile < 100);
-            Console.WriteLine("fooDoWhile Value: " + fooDoWhile);
 
-            // For Loop
-            int fooFor;
             //for loop structure => for(<start_statement>; <conditional>; <step>)
-            for (fooFor = 0; fooFor < 10; fooFor++)
+            for (int fooFor = 0; fooFor < 10; fooFor++)
             {
-                //Console.WriteLine(fooFor);
                 //Iterated 10 times, fooFor 0->9
             }
-            Console.WriteLine("fooFor Value: " + fooFor);
-			
-			// For Each Loop
+
+            // For Each Loop
             // foreach loop structure => foreach(<iteratorType> <iteratorName> in <enumerable>)
-			// The foreach loop loops over any object implementing IEnumerable or IEnumerable<T>
-			// All the collection types (Array, List, Dictionary...) in the .Net framework
-			// implement one or both of these interfaces.
-			// (The ToCharArray() could be removed, because a string also implements IEnumerable)
+            // The foreach loop loops over any object implementing IEnumerable or IEnumerable<T>
+            // All the collection types (Array, List, Dictionary...) in the .Net framework
+            // implement one or both of these interfaces.
+            // (The ToCharArray() could be removed, because a string also implements IEnumerable)
             foreach (char character in "Hello World".ToCharArray())
             {
-                //Console.WriteLine(character);
                 //Iterated over all the characters in the string
             }
 
@@ -356,20 +279,18 @@ namespace Learning
                 case 3:
                     monthString = "March";
                     break;
-				// You can assign more than one case to an action
-				// But you can't add an action without a break before another case
-				// (if you want to do this, you would have to explicitly add a goto case x
-				case 6:
-				case 7:
-				case 8:
-					monthString = "Summer time!!";
-					break;
+                // You can assign more than one case to an action
+                // But you can't add an action without a break before another case
+                // (if you want to do this, you would have to explicitly add a goto case x
+                case 6:
+                case 7:
+                case 8:
+                    monthString = "Summer time!!";
+                    break;
                 default:
                     monthString = "Some other month";
                     break;
             }
-            Console.WriteLine("Switch Case Result: " + monthString);
-
 
             ///////////////////////////////////////
             // Converting Data Types And Typecasting
@@ -384,46 +305,227 @@ namespace Learning
             // try parse will default to type default on failure
             // in this case: 0
             int tryInt;
-            int.TryParse("123", out tryInt);
+            if (int.TryParse("123", out tryInt)) // Funciton is boolean
+                Console.WriteLine(tryInt);       // 123
 
             // Convert Integer To String
             // Convert class has a number of methods to facilitate conversions
             Convert.ToString(123);
+            // or
+            tryInt.ToString();
+        }
 
-            ///////////////////////////////////////
-            // Classes And Functions
-            ///////////////////////////////////////
-
-            Console.WriteLine("\n->Classes & Functions");
-
-            // (definition of the Bicycle class follows)
+        ///////////////////////////////////////
+        // CLASSES - see definitions at end of file
+        ///////////////////////////////////////
+        public static void Classes()
+        {
+            // See Declaration of objects at end of file
 
             // Use new to instantiate a class
             Bicycle trek = new Bicycle();
 
             // Call object methods
-            trek.speedUp(3); // You should always use setter and getter methods
-            trek.setCadence(100);
+            trek.SpeedUp(3); // You should always use setter and getter methods
+            trek.Cadence = 100;
 
             // ToString is a convention to display the value of this Object.
-            Console.WriteLine("trek info: " + trek.ToString());
-
-            // Instantiate another new Bicycle
-            Bicycle octo = new Bicycle(5, 10);
-            Console.WriteLine("octo info: " + octo.ToString());
+            Console.WriteLine("trek info: " + trek.Info());
 
             // Instantiate a new Penny Farthing
             PennyFarthing funbike = new PennyFarthing(1, 10);
-            Console.WriteLine("funbike info: " + funbike.ToString());
+            Console.WriteLine("funbike info: " + funbike.Info());
 
             Console.Read();
         } // End main method
 
+        // CONSOLE ENTRY A console application must have a main method as an entry point
+        public static void Main(string[] args)
+        {
+            OtherInterestingFeatures();
+        }
+
+        //
+        // INTERESTING FEATURES
+        //
+        
+        // DEFAULT METHOD SIGNATURES
+
+        public // Visibility
+        static // Allows for direct call on class without object 
+        int // Return Type,
+        MethodSignatures(
+            int maxCount, // First variable, expects an int
+            int count = 0, // will default the value to 0 if not passed in
+            int another = 3,
+            params string[] otherParams // captures all other parameters passed to method
+        )
+        { 
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        // Methods can have the same name, as long as the signature is unique
+        public static void MethodSignature(string maxCount)
+        {
+        }
+
+        // TEMPLATES
+        // The classes for TKey and TValue is specified by the user calling this function.
+        // This method emulates the SetDefault of Python
+        public static TValue SetDefault<TKey, TValue>(
+            IDictionary<TKey, TValue> dictionary, 
+            TKey key, 
+            TValue defaultItem)
+        {
+            TValue result;
+            if (!dictionary.TryGetValue(key, out result))
+                return dictionary[key] = defaultItem;
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        // You can narrow down the objects that are passed in 
+        public static void IterateAndPrint<T>(T toPrint) where T: IEnumerable<int>
+        {
+            // We can iterate, since T is a IEnumerable
+            foreach (var item in toPrint)
+                // Item is an int
+                Console.WriteLine(item.ToString());
+        }
+
+        public static void OtherInterestingFeatures()
+        {
+            // OPTIONAL PARAMETERS
+            MethodSignatures(3, 1, 3, "Some", "Extra", "Strings");
+            MethodSignatures(3, another: 3); // explicity set a parameter, skipping optional ones
+
+            // EXTENSION METHODS
+            int i = 3;
+            i.Print(); // Defined below
+
+            // NULLABLE TYPES - great for database interaction / return values
+            // any value type (i.e. not a class) can be made nullable by suffixing a ?
+            // <type>? <var name> = <value>
+            int? nullable = null; // short hand for Nullable<int>
+            Console.WriteLine("Nullable variable: " + nullable);
+            bool hasValue = nullable.HasValue; // true if not null
+
+            // ?? is syntactic sugar for specifying default value (coalesce)
+            // in case variable is null
+            int notNullable = nullable ?? 0; // 0
+
+            // IMPLICITLY TYPED VARIABLES - you can let the compiler work out what the type is:
+            var magic = "magic is a string, at compile time, so you still get type safety";
+            // magic = 9; will not work as magic is a string, not an int
+
+            // TEMPLATES
+            var phonebook = new Dictionary<string, string>() { 
+                {"Sarah", "212 555 5555"} // Add some entries to the phone book
+            };
+
+            // Calling SETDEFAULT defined as a template above
+            Console.WriteLine(SetDefault<string,string>(phonebook, "Shaun", "No Phone")); // No Phone
+            // nb, you don't need to specify the TKey and TValue since they can be 
+            // derived implicitly
+            Console.WriteLine(SetDefault(phonebook, "Sarah", "No Phone")); // 212 555 5555
+
+            // LAMBDA EXPRESSIONS - allow you to write code in line
+            Func<int, int> square = (x) => x * x; // Last T item is the return value
+            Console.WriteLine(square(3)); // 9
+
+            // PARALLEL FRAMEWORK
+            // http://blogs.msdn.com/b/csharpfaq/archive/2010/06/01/parallel-programming-in-net-framework-4-getting-started.aspx
+            var websites = new string[] { 
+                "http://www.google.com", "http://www.reddit.com", 
+                "http://www.shaunmccarthy.com"
+            };
+            var responses = new Dictionary<string, string>();
+            
+            // Will spin up separate threads for each request, and join on them
+            // before going to the next step!
+            Parallel.ForEach(websites, 
+                new ParallelOptions() {MaxDegreeOfParallelism = 3}, // max of 3 threads
+                website =>
+            {
+                // Do something that takes a long time on the file
+                using (var r = WebRequest.Create(new Uri(website)).GetResponse())
+                {
+                    responses[website] = r.ContentType;
+                }
+            });
+
+            // This won't happen till after all requests have been completed
+            foreach (var key in responses.Keys)
+                Console.WriteLine("{0}:{1}", key, responses[key]);
+
+            // DYNAMIC OBJECTS (great for working with other languages)
+            dynamic student = new ExpandoObject();
+            student.FirstName = "First Name"; // No need to define class first!
+
+            // You can even add methods (returns a string, and takes in a string)
+            student.Introduce = new Func<string, string>(
+                (introduceTo) => string.Format("Hey {0}, this is {1}", student.FirstName, introduceTo));
+            Console.WriteLine(student.Introduce("Beth"));
+
+            // IQUERYABLE<T> - almost all collections implement this, which gives you a lot of 
+            // very useful Map / Filter / Reduce style methods
+            var bikes = new List<Bicycle>();
+            bikes.Sort(); // Sorts the array
+            bikes.Sort((b1, b2) => b1.Wheels.CompareTo(b2.Wheels)); // Sorts based on wheels
+            var result = bikes
+                .Where(b => b.Wheels > 3) // Filters - chainable (returns IQueryable of previous type)
+                .Where(b => b.IsBroken && b.HasTassles)
+                .Select(b => b.ToString()); // Map - we only this selects, so result is a IQueryable<string>
+
+            var sum = bikes.Sum(b => b.Wheels); // Reduce - sums all the wheels in the collection
+
+            // Create a list of IMPLICIT objects based on some parameters of the bike
+            var bikeSummaries = bikes.Select(b=>new { Name = b.Name, IsAwesome = !b.IsBroken && b.HasTassles });
+            // Hard to show here, but you get type ahead completion since the compiler can implicitly work
+            // out the types above!
+            foreach (var bikeSummary in bikeSummaries.Where(b => b.IsAwesome))
+                Console.WriteLine(bikeSummary.Name);
+
+            // ASPARALLEL
+            // And this is where things get wicked - combines linq and parallel operations
+            var threeWheelers = bikes.AsParallel().Where(b => b.Wheels == 3).Select(b => b.Name);
+            // this will happen in parallel! Threads will automagically be spun up and the 
+            // results divvied amongst them! Amazing for large datasets when you have lots of 
+            // cores
+
+            // LINQ - maps a store to IQueryable<T> objects, with delayed execution
+            // e.g. LinqToSql - maps to a database, LinqToXml maps to an xml document
+            var db = new BikeRespository();
+
+            // execution is delayed, which is great when querying a database
+            var fitler = db.Bikes.Where(b => b.HasTassles); // no query run
+            if (42 > 6) // You can keep adding filters, even conditionally - great for "advanced search" functionality
+                fitler = fitler.Where(b => b.IsBroken); // no query run
+
+            var query = fitler
+                .OrderBy(b => b.Wheels)
+                .ThenBy(b => b.Name)
+                .Select(b => b.Name); // still no query run
+
+            // Now the query runs, but opens a reader, so only populates are you iterate through
+            foreach (string bike in query) 
+                Console.WriteLine(result);
+            
+
+
+        }
 
     } // End LearnCSharp class
 
     // You can include other classes in a .cs file
 
+    public static class Extensions
+    {
+        // EXTENSION FUNCTIONS
+        public static void Print(this object obj)
+        {
+            Console.WriteLine(obj.ToString());
+        }
+    }
 
     // Class Declaration Syntax:
     // <public/private/protected/internal> class <class name>{
@@ -434,64 +536,88 @@ namespace Learning
     public class Bicycle
     {
         // Bicycle's Fields/Variables
-        public int cadence; // Public: Can be accessed from anywhere
-        private int _speed;  // Private: Only accessible from within the class
-        protected int gear; // Protected: Accessible from the class and subclasses
-        internal int wheels; // Internal: Accessible from within the assembly
-        string name; // Everything is private by default: Only accessible from within this class
+        public int Cadence // Public: Can be accessed from anywhere
+        {
+            get // get - define a method to retrieve the property
+            {
+                return _cadence;
+            }
+            set // set - define a method to set a proprety
+            {
+                _cadence = value; // Value is the value passed in to to the setter
+            }
+        }
+        private int _cadence;
+
+        protected virtual int Gear // Protected: Accessible from the class and subclasses
+        {
+            get; // creates an auto property so you don't need a member field
+            set;
+        }
+
+        internal int Wheels // Internal: Accessible from within the assembly
+        {
+            get;
+            private set; // You can set modifiers on the get/set methods
+        }
+
+        int _speed; // Everything is private by default: Only accessible from within this class. 
+                    // can also use keyword privatee
+        public string Name { get; set; }
 
         // Enum is a value type that consists of a set of named constants
-		// It is really just mapping a name to a value (an int, unless specified otherwise).
-		// The approved types for an enum are byte, sbyte, short, ushort, int, uint, long, or ulong.
-		// An enum can't contain the same value twice.
-        public enum Brand
+        // It is really just mapping a name to a value (an int, unless specified otherwise).
+        // The approved types for an enum are byte, sbyte, short, ushort, int, uint, long, or ulong.
+        // An enum can't contain the same value twice.
+        public enum BikeBrand
         {
             AIST,
             BMC,
-            Electra=42, //you can explicitly set a value to a name
+            Electra = 42, //you can explicitly set a value to a name
             Gitane
         }
         // We defined this type inside a Bicycle class, so it is a nested type
         // Code outside of this class should reference this type as Bicycle.Brand
 
-        public Brand brand; // After declaring an enum type, we can declare the field of this type
+        public BikeBrand Brand; // After declaring an enum type, we can declare the field of this type
 
         // Static members belong to the type itself rather then specific object.
-        static public int bicyclesCreated = 0;
         // You can access them without a reference to any object:
         // Console.WriteLine("Bicycles created: " + Bicycle.bicyclesCreated);
+        static public int BicyclesCreated = 0;
 
         // readonly values are set at run time
         // they can only be assigned upon declaration or in a constructor
-        readonly bool hasCardsInSpokes = false; // read-only private
+        readonly bool _hasCardsInSpokes = false; // read-only private
 
         // Constructors are a way of creating classes
         // This is a default constructor
-        private Bicycle()
+        public Bicycle() 
         {
-            gear = 1;
-            cadence = 50;
+            this.Gear = 1; // you can access mmebers of the object with the keyword this
+            Cadence = 50;  // but you don't always need it
             _speed = 5;
-            name = "Bontrager";
-            brand = Brand.AIST;
-            bicyclesCreated++;
+            Name = "Bontrager";
+            Brand = BikeBrand.AIST;
+            BicyclesCreated++;
         }
 
         // This is a specified constructor (it contains arguments)
         public Bicycle(int startCadence, int startSpeed, int startGear,
-                       string name, bool hasCardsInSpokes, Brand brand)
+                       string name, bool hasCardsInSpokes, BikeBrand brand) 
+            : base() // calls base first
         {
-            this.gear = startGear; // "this" keyword denotes the current object
-            this.cadence = startCadence;
-            this._speed = startSpeed;
-            this.name = name; // it can be useful when there's a name conflict
-            this.hasCardsInSpokes = hasCardsInSpokes;
-            this.brand = brand;
+            Gear = startGear; 
+            Cadence = startCadence;
+            _speed = startSpeed;
+            Name = name; 
+            _hasCardsInSpokes = hasCardsInSpokes;
+            Brand = brand;
         }
 
         // Constructors can be chained
-        public Bicycle(int startCadence, int startSpeed, Brand brand) :
-            this(startCadence, startSpeed, 0, "big wheels", true)
+        public Bicycle(int startCadence, int startSpeed, BikeBrand brand) :
+            this(startCadence, startSpeed, 0, "big wheels", true, brand)
         {
         }
 
@@ -501,27 +627,8 @@ namespace Learning
         // classes can implement getters and setters for their fields
         // or they can implement properties (this is the preferred way in C#)
 
-        // Method declaration syntax:
-        // <scope> <return type> <method name>(<args>)
-        public int GetCadence()
-        {
-            return cadence;
-        }
-
-        // void methods require no return statement
-        public void SetCadence(int newValue)
-        {
-            cadence = newValue;
-        }
-
-        // virtual keyword indicates this method can be overridden in a derived class
-        public virtual void SetGear(int newValue)
-        {
-            gear = newValue;
-        }
-
         // Method parameters can have default values.
-		// In this case, methods can be called with these parameters omitted
+        // In this case, methods can be called with these parameters omitted
         public void SpeedUp(int increment = 1)
         {
             _speed += increment;
@@ -541,12 +648,12 @@ namespace Learning
             get { return _hasTassles; }
             set { _hasTassles = value; }
         }
-		
-		// You can also define an automatic property in one line
-		// this syntax will create a backing field automatically.
-		// You can set an access modifier on either the getter or the setter (or both)
-		// to restrict its access:
-		public bool IsBroken { get; private set; }
+
+        // You can also define an automatic property in one line
+        // this syntax will create a backing field automatically.
+        // You can set an access modifier on either the getter or the setter (or both)
+        // to restrict its access:
+        public bool IsBroken { get; private set; }
 
         // Properties can be auto-implemented
         public int FrameSize
@@ -558,13 +665,13 @@ namespace Learning
         }
 
         //Method to display the attribute values of this Object.
-        public override string ToString()
+        public virtual string Info()
         {
-            return "gear: " + gear +
-                    " cadence: " + cadence +
-                    " speed: " + _speed +
-                    " name: " + name +
-                    " cards in spokes: " + (hasCardsInSpokes ? "yes" : "no") +
+            return "Gear: " + Gear +
+                    " Cadence: " + Cadence +
+                    " Speed: " + _speed +
+                    " Name: " + Name +
+                    " Cards in Spokes: " + (_hasCardsInSpokes ? "yes" : "no") +
                     "\n------------------------------\n"
                     ;
         }
@@ -573,9 +680,10 @@ namespace Learning
         public static bool DidWeCreateEnoughBycles()
         {
             // Within a static method, we only can reference static class members
-            return bicyclesCreated > 9000;
+            return BicyclesCreated > 9000;
         } // If your class only needs static members, consider marking the class itself as static.
 
+
     } // end class Bicycle
 
     // PennyFarthing is a subclass of Bicycle
@@ -586,20 +694,27 @@ namespace Learning
 
         // calling parent constructor
         public PennyFarthing(int startCadence, int startSpeed) :
-            base(startCadence, startSpeed, 0, "PennyFarthing", true)
+            base(startCadence, startSpeed, 0, "PennyFarthing", true, BikeBrand.Electra)
         {
         }
 
-        public override void SetGear(int gear)
+        protected override int Gear
         {
-            gear = 0;
+            get
+            {
+                return 0;
+            }
+            set
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentException("You can't change gears on a PennyFarthing");
+            }
         }
 
-        public override string ToString()
+        public override string Info()
         {
             string result = "PennyFarthing bicycle ";
             result += base.ToString(); // Calling the base version of the method
-            return reuslt;
+            return result;
         }
     }
 
@@ -624,7 +739,7 @@ namespace Learning
             damage += meters;
         }
 
-        public void Broken
+        public bool Broken
         {
             get
             {
@@ -632,24 +747,34 @@ namespace Learning
             }
         }
     }
-} // End Namespace
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Used to connect to DB for LinqToSql example. 
+    /// EntityFramework Code First is awesome (similar to Ruby's ActiveRecord, but bidirectional)
+    /// http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/data/jj193542.aspx
+    /// </summary>
+    public class BikeRespository : DbSet
+    {
+        public BikeRespository()
+            : base()
+        {
+        }
+
+        public DbSet<Bicycle> Bikes { get; set; }
+    }
+} // End Namespace
 ```
 
 ## Topics Not Covered
 
  * Flags
  * Attributes
- * Generics (T), Delegates, Func, Actions, lambda expressions
  * Static properties
  * Exceptions, Abstraction
- * LINQ
  * ASP.NET (Web Forms/MVC/WebMatrix)
  * Winforms
  * Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF)
 
-
-
 ## Further Reading
 
  * [DotNetPerls](http://www.dotnetperls.com)
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From eccc9e094832350842f16f3a7666aa633748098b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shaun McCarthy <git@shaunmccarthy.com>
Date: Sat, 26 Oct 2013 15:27:53 -0400
Subject: Reanmed to Generics instead of templates

---
 csharp.html.markdown | 9 +++++----
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

(limited to 'csharp.html.markdown')

diff --git a/csharp.html.markdown b/csharp.html.markdown
index f4c30b03..8c15b86f 100644
--- a/csharp.html.markdown
+++ b/csharp.html.markdown
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ on a new line! ""Wow!"", the masses cried";
             List<int> intList = new List<int>();
             List<string> stringList = new List<string>();
             List<int> z = new List<int> { 9000, 1000, 1337 }; // intialize
-            // The <> are for templates - Check out the cool stuff section
+            // The <> are for generics - Check out the cool stuff section
 
             // Lists don't default to a value;
             // A value must be added before accessing the index
@@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ on a new line! ""Wow!"", the masses cried";
         {
         }
 
-        // TEMPLATES
+        // GENERICS
         // The classes for TKey and TValue is specified by the user calling this function.
         // This method emulates the SetDefault of Python
         public static TValue SetDefault<TKey, TValue>(
@@ -417,12 +417,13 @@ on a new line! ""Wow!"", the masses cried";
             var magic = "magic is a string, at compile time, so you still get type safety";
             // magic = 9; will not work as magic is a string, not an int
 
-            // TEMPLATES
+            // GENERICS
+            //
             var phonebook = new Dictionary<string, string>() { 
                 {"Sarah", "212 555 5555"} // Add some entries to the phone book
             };
 
-            // Calling SETDEFAULT defined as a template above
+            // Calling SETDEFAULT defined as a generic above
             Console.WriteLine(SetDefault<string,string>(phonebook, "Shaun", "No Phone")); // No Phone
             // nb, you don't need to specify the TKey and TValue since they can be 
             // derived implicitly
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 7ff3de74fe941a220e6fb3e3e3434d90d0d51cc6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Adam <adam@adambard.com>
Date: Sun, 27 Oct 2013 22:17:56 -0700
Subject: Updates

---
 csharp.html.markdown | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'csharp.html.markdown')

diff --git a/csharp.html.markdown b/csharp.html.markdown
index 1471b833..ccc0ffad 100644
--- a/csharp.html.markdown
+++ b/csharp.html.markdown
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ language: c#
 contributors:
     - ["Irfan Charania", "https://github.com/irfancharania"]
     - ["Max Yankov", "https://github.com/golergka"]
-	- ["Melvyn Laïly", "http://x2a.yt"]
+    - ["Melvyn Laïly", "http://x2a.yt"]
 filename: LearnCSharp.cs
 ---
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From fbb7ea38a1530d2e4cca6bce7f3db6b392e90ce1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: mvalipour <valipour@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 18 Nov 2013 22:58:27 +0000
Subject: Fix while loop iterator incorrect count

The while loop is repeated 100 times not 99 times. 0~99 inclusive.
---
 csharp.html.markdown | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'csharp.html.markdown')

diff --git a/csharp.html.markdown b/csharp.html.markdown
index 87c2f704..dad0c26b 100644
--- a/csharp.html.markdown
+++ b/csharp.html.markdown
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ on a new line! ""Wow!"", the masses cried";
             int fooWhile = 0;
             while (fooWhile < 100)
             {
-                //Iterated 99 times, fooWhile 0->99
+                //Iterated 100 times, fooWhile 0->99
                 fooWhile++;
             }
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 00338a1a61040b70ec3e068f69ccfad31aa1934d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: olwaro <hoarau.olivier@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 16 Feb 2014 14:24:33 +0100
Subject: Fix some misleading comments

---
 csharp.html.markdown | 8 ++++----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

(limited to 'csharp.html.markdown')

diff --git a/csharp.html.markdown b/csharp.html.markdown
index dad0c26b..3a870b7a 100644
--- a/csharp.html.markdown
+++ b/csharp.html.markdown
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ namespace Learning
             Console.WriteLine(fooString);
 
             // You can access each character of the string with an indexer:
-            char charFromString = fooString[1]; // 'y'
+            char charFromString = fooString[1]; // => 'e'
             // Strings are immutable: you can't do fooString[1] = 'X';
 
             // Compare strings with current culture, ignoring case
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ on a new line! ""Wow!"", the masses cried";
             int i1 = 1, i2 = 2; // Shorthand for multiple declarations
 
             // Arithmetic is straightforward
-            Console.WriteLine(i1 + i2 - i1 * 3 / 7); //
+            Console.WriteLine(i1 + i2 - i1 * 3 / 7); // => 3
 
             // Modulo
             Console.WriteLine("11%3 = " + (11 % 3)); // => 2
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ on a new line! ""Wow!"", the masses cried";
             int fooDoWhile = 0;
             do
             {
-                //Iterated 99 times, fooDoWhile 0->99
+                //Iterated 100 times, fooDoWhile 0->99
                 fooDoWhile++;
             } while (fooDoWhile < 100);
 
@@ -576,7 +576,7 @@ on a new line! ""Wow!"", the masses cried";
             AIST,
             BMC,
             Electra = 42, //you can explicitly set a value to a name
-            Gitane
+            Gitane // 43
         }
         // We defined this type inside a Bicycle class, so it is a nested type
         // Code outside of this class should reference this type as Bicycle.Brand
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 8b62c313b1e95428adb363425d35456e726e2d7f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: olwaro <hoarau.olivier@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 16 Feb 2014 22:00:33 +0100
Subject: Adds an example of 'using' statement

---
 csharp.html.markdown | 12 ++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+)

(limited to 'csharp.html.markdown')

diff --git a/csharp.html.markdown b/csharp.html.markdown
index dad0c26b..e240bf86 100644
--- a/csharp.html.markdown
+++ b/csharp.html.markdown
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ using System.Linq;
 using System.Linq.Expressions;
 using System.Net;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using System.IO;
 
 // defines scope to organize code into "packages"
 namespace Learning
@@ -434,6 +435,17 @@ on a new line! ""Wow!"", the masses cried";
             Func<int, int> square = (x) => x * x; // Last T item is the return value
             Console.WriteLine(square(3)); // 9
 
+            // DISPOSABLE RESSOURCES MANAGEMENT - let you handle unmanaged resources easily
+            // Most of objects that access unmanaged resources (file handle, device contexts, etc.)
+            // implement the IDisposable interface. The using statement takes care of 
+            // cleaning those IDisposable objects for you.
+            using (StreamWriter writer = new StreamWriter("log.txt"))
+            {
+                writer.WriteLine("Nothing suspicious here");
+                // At the end of scope, ressources will be released.
+                // Even if an exception is thrown.
+            } 
+
             // PARALLEL FRAMEWORK
             // http://blogs.msdn.com/b/csharpfaq/archive/2010/06/01/parallel-programming-in-net-framework-4-getting-started.aspx
             var websites = new string[] { 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From f6032ba1906f51a59ecc17d24864a6f56d100c14 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: olwaro <hoarau.olivier@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 17 Feb 2014 10:43:18 +0100
Subject: Fixes typos

---
 csharp.html.markdown | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

(limited to 'csharp.html.markdown')

diff --git a/csharp.html.markdown b/csharp.html.markdown
index e240bf86..12bdf168 100644
--- a/csharp.html.markdown
+++ b/csharp.html.markdown
@@ -435,14 +435,14 @@ on a new line! ""Wow!"", the masses cried";
             Func<int, int> square = (x) => x * x; // Last T item is the return value
             Console.WriteLine(square(3)); // 9
 
-            // DISPOSABLE RESSOURCES MANAGEMENT - let you handle unmanaged resources easily
+            // DISPOSABLE RESSOURCES MANAGEMENT - let you handle unmanaged resources easily.
             // Most of objects that access unmanaged resources (file handle, device contexts, etc.)
             // implement the IDisposable interface. The using statement takes care of 
             // cleaning those IDisposable objects for you.
             using (StreamWriter writer = new StreamWriter("log.txt"))
             {
                 writer.WriteLine("Nothing suspicious here");
-                // At the end of scope, ressources will be released.
+                // At the end of scope, resources will be released.
                 // Even if an exception is thrown.
             } 
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 7350deb1035369453c0651ecd81c4e00cae04142 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: olwaro <hoarau.olivier@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 24 Feb 2014 19:54:54 +0100
Subject: Adds loan pattern example to french translation.

---
 csharp.html.markdown | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'csharp.html.markdown')

diff --git a/csharp.html.markdown b/csharp.html.markdown
index 81b50e08..a5b2e1c2 100644
--- a/csharp.html.markdown
+++ b/csharp.html.markdown
@@ -435,7 +435,7 @@ on a new line! ""Wow!"", the masses cried";
             Func<int, int> square = (x) => x * x; // Last T item is the return value
             Console.WriteLine(square(3)); // 9
 
-            // DISPOSABLE RESSOURCES MANAGEMENT - let you handle unmanaged resources easily.
+            // DISPOSABLE RESOURCES MANAGEMENT - let you handle unmanaged resources easily.
             // Most of objects that access unmanaged resources (file handle, device contexts, etc.)
             // implement the IDisposable interface. The using statement takes care of 
             // cleaning those IDisposable objects for you.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 9d7566d82edf776b5f52ec397cd06f8e24e54b86 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: olwaro <hoarau.olivier@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 24 Feb 2014 21:39:05 +0100
Subject: Fix what Nami-Doc spotted.

---
 csharp.html.markdown | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

(limited to 'csharp.html.markdown')

diff --git a/csharp.html.markdown b/csharp.html.markdown
index a5b2e1c2..a689fe97 100644
--- a/csharp.html.markdown
+++ b/csharp.html.markdown
@@ -511,11 +511,11 @@ on a new line! ""Wow!"", the masses cried";
             var db = new BikeRespository();
 
             // execution is delayed, which is great when querying a database
-            var fitler = db.Bikes.Where(b => b.HasTassles); // no query run
+            var filter = db.Bikes.Where(b => b.HasTassles); // no query run
             if (42 > 6) // You can keep adding filters, even conditionally - great for "advanced search" functionality
-                fitler = fitler.Where(b => b.IsBroken); // no query run
+                filter = filter.Where(b => b.IsBroken); // no query run
 
-            var query = fitler
+            var query = filter
                 .OrderBy(b => b.Wheels)
                 .ThenBy(b => b.Name)
                 .Select(b => b.Name); // still no query run
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 0622062e2a42069af92b549d9774addb4ffc1f0a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jakukyo Friel <weakish@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 20 Mar 2014 18:01:56 +0800
Subject: csharp: typos

combine #574 #575 #576 to one pr
---
 csharp.html.markdown | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

(limited to 'csharp.html.markdown')

diff --git a/csharp.html.markdown b/csharp.html.markdown
index a689fe97..81eb467d 100644
--- a/csharp.html.markdown
+++ b/csharp.html.markdown
@@ -558,7 +558,7 @@ on a new line! ""Wow!"", the masses cried";
             }
             set // set - define a method to set a proprety
             {
-                _cadence = value; // Value is the value passed in to to the setter
+                _cadence = value; // Value is the value passed in to the setter
             }
         }
         private int _cadence;
@@ -576,7 +576,7 @@ on a new line! ""Wow!"", the masses cried";
         }
 
         int _speed; // Everything is private by default: Only accessible from within this class. 
-                    // can also use keyword privatee
+                    // can also use keyword private
         public string Name { get; set; }
 
         // Enum is a value type that consists of a set of named constants
@@ -608,7 +608,7 @@ on a new line! ""Wow!"", the masses cried";
         // This is a default constructor
         public Bicycle() 
         {
-            this.Gear = 1; // you can access mmebers of the object with the keyword this
+            this.Gear = 1; // you can access members of the object with the keyword this
             Cadence = 50;  // but you don't always need it
             _speed = 5;
             Name = "Bontrager";
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 4e6a111b6f08b8a11ccdf2cf236a48d50eefb1f4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: discomethod <kolkork@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 26 May 2014 18:16:11 +0100
Subject: minor typo

---
 csharp.html.markdown | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'csharp.html.markdown')

diff --git a/csharp.html.markdown b/csharp.html.markdown
index 81eb467d..4fa8deba 100644
--- a/csharp.html.markdown
+++ b/csharp.html.markdown
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ on a new line! ""Wow!"", the masses cried";
             // try parse will default to type default on failure
             // in this case: 0
             int tryInt;
-            if (int.TryParse("123", out tryInt)) // Funciton is boolean
+            if (int.TryParse("123", out tryInt)) // Function is boolean
                 Console.WriteLine(tryInt);       // 123
 
             // Convert Integer To String
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 7401ef2411e19d073685a09a668c9aa3a31081f6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Adhithya R <xadhix@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 7 Jul 2014 16:38:17 +0530
Subject: MethodSignature -> MethodSignatures

Possible typo. Text mentions method names being the same but they weren't. Corrected.
---
 csharp.html.markdown | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'csharp.html.markdown')

diff --git a/csharp.html.markdown b/csharp.html.markdown
index 4fa8deba..136f6c50 100644
--- a/csharp.html.markdown
+++ b/csharp.html.markdown
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ on a new line! ""Wow!"", the masses cried";
         }
 
         // Methods can have the same name, as long as the signature is unique
-        public static void MethodSignature(string maxCount)
+        public static void MethodSignatures(string maxCount)
         {
         }
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 6ce6aa7b548151371bcc31f00925aa890a4356e7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: m90 <frederik.ring@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 7 Oct 2014 20:38:14 +0200
Subject: fix typo -> re(s)pository pattern

---
 csharp.html.markdown | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

(limited to 'csharp.html.markdown')

diff --git a/csharp.html.markdown b/csharp.html.markdown
index 136f6c50..f6708590 100644
--- a/csharp.html.markdown
+++ b/csharp.html.markdown
@@ -508,7 +508,7 @@ on a new line! ""Wow!"", the masses cried";
 
             // LINQ - maps a store to IQueryable<T> objects, with delayed execution
             // e.g. LinqToSql - maps to a database, LinqToXml maps to an xml document
-            var db = new BikeRespository();
+            var db = new BikeRepository();
 
             // execution is delayed, which is great when querying a database
             var filter = db.Bikes.Where(b => b.HasTassles); // no query run
@@ -767,9 +767,9 @@ on a new line! ""Wow!"", the masses cried";
     /// EntityFramework Code First is awesome (similar to Ruby's ActiveRecord, but bidirectional)
     /// http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/data/jj193542.aspx
     /// </summary>
-    public class BikeRespository : DbSet
+    public class BikeRepository : DbSet
     {
-        public BikeRespository()
+        public BikeRepository()
             : base()
         {
         }
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 9a8d8f0e5da4af6ddf18124f2cc203dcf57b52e5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Adrian Cooney <cooney.adrian@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 10 Dec 2014 12:48:45 +0000
Subject: Added an example of custom Indexers in C-Sharp [en]

---
 csharp.html.markdown | 17 +++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 17 insertions(+)

(limited to 'csharp.html.markdown')

diff --git a/csharp.html.markdown b/csharp.html.markdown
index f6708590..47dd9683 100644
--- a/csharp.html.markdown
+++ b/csharp.html.markdown
@@ -678,6 +678,23 @@ on a new line! ""Wow!"", the masses cried";
             private set;
         }
 
+        // It's also possible to define custom Indexers on objects.
+        // All though this is not entirely useful in this example, you
+        // could do bicycle[0] which yields "chris" to get the first passenger or
+        // bicycle[1] = "lisa" to set the passenger. (of this apparent quattrocycle)
+        private string[] passengers = { "chris", "phil", "darren", "regina" }
+
+        public string this[int i]
+        {
+            get {
+                return passengers[i];
+            }
+
+            set {
+                return passengers[i] = value;
+            }
+        }
+
         //Method to display the attribute values of this Object.
         public virtual string Info()
         {
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 928b8404aa7d47dbc50351f48fdca7334bb32647 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Laoujin <woutervs@hotmail.com>
Date: Sat, 31 Jan 2015 20:10:40 +0100
Subject: [CSharp/en]XML Comments can be used for external doc generation and
 for help within the IDE

---
 csharp.html.markdown | 4 +++-
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'csharp.html.markdown')

diff --git a/csharp.html.markdown b/csharp.html.markdown
index 47dd9683..ad43e607 100644
--- a/csharp.html.markdown
+++ b/csharp.html.markdown
@@ -18,8 +18,10 @@ C# is an elegant and type-safe object-oriented language that enables developers
 Multi-line comments look like this
 */
 /// <summary>
-/// This is an XML documentation comment
+/// This is an XML documentation comment which can be used to generate external
+/// documentation or provide context help within an IDE
 /// </summary>
+//public void MethodOrClassOrOtherWithParsableHelp() {}
 
 // Specify namespaces application will be using
 using System;
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 937e6dad51446cf47c85156e4af0696efdcac43b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Laoujin <woutervs@hotmail.com>
Date: Sat, 31 Jan 2015 20:21:52 +0100
Subject: [CSharp/en]namespaces can have multiple levels with dots

---
 csharp.html.markdown | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'csharp.html.markdown')

diff --git a/csharp.html.markdown b/csharp.html.markdown
index ad43e607..4a238f25 100644
--- a/csharp.html.markdown
+++ b/csharp.html.markdown
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using System.IO;
 
 // defines scope to organize code into "packages"
-namespace Learning
+namespace LearningXInYMinutes.CSharp
 {
     // Each .cs file should at least contain a class with the same name as the file
     // you're allowed to do otherwise, but shouldn't for sanity.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 012a4a8e901eda4fa89e151f398c67500af8acb9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Laoujin <woutervs@hotmail.com>
Date: Sat, 31 Jan 2015 20:42:27 +0100
Subject: [CSharp/en]Fixed compilation and ef errors

---
 csharp.html.markdown | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

(limited to 'csharp.html.markdown')

diff --git a/csharp.html.markdown b/csharp.html.markdown
index 4a238f25..d3738b39 100644
--- a/csharp.html.markdown
+++ b/csharp.html.markdown
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ Multi-line comments look like this
 // Specify namespaces application will be using
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.Data.Entity;
+using System.Data.Entity; // Add dll reference with NuGet: Install-Package EntityFramework
 using System.Dynamic;
 using System.Linq;
 using System.Linq.Expressions;
@@ -684,7 +684,7 @@ on a new line! ""Wow!"", the masses cried";
         // All though this is not entirely useful in this example, you
         // could do bicycle[0] which yields "chris" to get the first passenger or
         // bicycle[1] = "lisa" to set the passenger. (of this apparent quattrocycle)
-        private string[] passengers = { "chris", "phil", "darren", "regina" }
+        private string[] passengers = { "chris", "phil", "darren", "regina" };
 
         public string this[int i]
         {
@@ -786,7 +786,7 @@ on a new line! ""Wow!"", the masses cried";
     /// EntityFramework Code First is awesome (similar to Ruby's ActiveRecord, but bidirectional)
     /// http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/data/jj193542.aspx
     /// </summary>
-    public class BikeRepository : DbSet
+    public class BikeRepository : DbContext
     {
         public BikeRepository()
             : base()
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 1d4bb253fd8b6053e5a38d206ffc15360d3bd6fd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Laoujin <woutervs@hotmail.com>
Date: Sat, 31 Jan 2015 20:56:56 +0100
Subject: [CSharp/en]Constants are TitleCase, not SCREAMING_CAPS in C# (as done
 everywhere in the .NET framework, encouraged by the MS .NET framework
 guidelines and StackOverflow: http://stackoverflow.com/a/242549/540352)

---
 csharp.html.markdown | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'csharp.html.markdown')

diff --git a/csharp.html.markdown b/csharp.html.markdown
index d3738b39..88c2db35 100644
--- a/csharp.html.markdown
+++ b/csharp.html.markdown
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ on a new line! ""Wow!"", the masses cried";
 
             // Use const or read-only to make a variable immutable
             // const values are calculated at compile time
-            const int HOURS_I_WORK_PER_WEEK = 9001;
+            const int HoursWorkPerWeek = 9001;
 
             ///////////////////////////////////////////////////
             // Data Structures
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 495e38612160ac373325543de3c5b88e0ef6ed35 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Laoujin <woutervs@hotmail.com>
Date: Sat, 31 Jan 2015 21:40:21 +0100
Subject: [CSharp/en]break and continue in loops

---
 csharp.html.markdown | 11 +++++++++--
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

(limited to 'csharp.html.markdown')

diff --git a/csharp.html.markdown b/csharp.html.markdown
index 88c2db35..9f66b8ff 100644
--- a/csharp.html.markdown
+++ b/csharp.html.markdown
@@ -244,8 +244,15 @@ on a new line! ""Wow!"", the masses cried";
             int fooDoWhile = 0;
             do
             {
-                //Iterated 100 times, fooDoWhile 0->99
+                // Start iteration 100 times, fooDoWhile 0->99
+                if (false)
+                    continue; // skip the current iteration
+
                 fooDoWhile++;
+
+                if (fooDoWhile == 50)
+                    break; // breaks from the loop completely
+
             } while (fooDoWhile < 100);
 
             //for loop structure => for(<start_statement>; <conditional>; <step>)
@@ -303,7 +310,7 @@ on a new line! ""Wow!"", the masses cried";
             // Converting data
 
             // Convert String To Integer
-            // this will throw an Exception on failure
+            // this will throw a Exception on failure
             int.Parse("123");//returns an integer version of "123"
 
             // try parse will default to type default on failure
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 69e38974aec4d149944e551867c1412dfcf2bed7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Laoujin <woutervs@hotmail.com>
Date: Sat, 31 Jan 2015 21:41:46 +0100
Subject: [CSharp/en]added casting to converting

---
 csharp.html.markdown | 7 ++++++-
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'csharp.html.markdown')

diff --git a/csharp.html.markdown b/csharp.html.markdown
index 9f66b8ff..fceda4ff 100644
--- a/csharp.html.markdown
+++ b/csharp.html.markdown
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ on a new line! ""Wow!"", the masses cried";
             // Converting data
 
             // Convert String To Integer
-            // this will throw a Exception on failure
+            // this will throw a FormatException on failure
             int.Parse("123");//returns an integer version of "123"
 
             // try parse will default to type default on failure
@@ -324,6 +324,11 @@ on a new line! ""Wow!"", the masses cried";
             Convert.ToString(123);
             // or
             tryInt.ToString();
+
+			// Casting
+            // Cast decimal 15 to a int
+            // and then implicitly cast to long
+            long x = (int) 15M;
         }
 
         ///////////////////////////////////////
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 04c4433433f313884fe38f126b24ff52b59f3af1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Laoujin <woutervs@hotmail.com>
Date: Sat, 31 Jan 2015 21:45:13 +0100
Subject: [CSharp/en]Added ref and out parameters

---
 csharp.html.markdown | 13 +++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+)

(limited to 'csharp.html.markdown')

diff --git a/csharp.html.markdown b/csharp.html.markdown
index fceda4ff..8eda5356 100644
--- a/csharp.html.markdown
+++ b/csharp.html.markdown
@@ -380,6 +380,15 @@ on a new line! ""Wow!"", the masses cried";
             return -1;
         }
 
+        // Methods can have the same name, as long as the signature is unique
+        // A method that differs only in return type is not unique
+        public static void MethodSignatures(
+            ref int maxCount, // Pass by reference
+            out int count)
+        {
+            count = 15; // out param must be assigned before control leaves the method
+        }
+
         // Methods can have the same name, as long as the signature is unique
         public static void MethodSignatures(string maxCount)
         {
@@ -414,6 +423,10 @@ on a new line! ""Wow!"", the masses cried";
             MethodSignatures(3, 1, 3, "Some", "Extra", "Strings");
             MethodSignatures(3, another: 3); // explicity set a parameter, skipping optional ones
 
+            // BY REF AND OUT PARAMETERS
+            int maxCount = 0, count; // ref params must have value
+            MethodSignatures(ref maxCount, out count);
+
             // EXTENSION METHODS
             int i = 3;
             i.Print(); // Defined below
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 4f8b16f81745c4082945b49e631aadd204564626 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Laoujin <woutervs@hotmail.com>
Date: Sat, 31 Jan 2015 22:05:11 +0100
Subject: [CSharp/en]Added static property

---
 csharp.html.markdown | 3 +--
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 2 deletions(-)

(limited to 'csharp.html.markdown')

diff --git a/csharp.html.markdown b/csharp.html.markdown
index 8eda5356..61db6a8a 100644
--- a/csharp.html.markdown
+++ b/csharp.html.markdown
@@ -625,7 +625,7 @@ on a new line! ""Wow!"", the masses cried";
         // Static members belong to the type itself rather then specific object.
         // You can access them without a reference to any object:
         // Console.WriteLine("Bicycles created: " + Bicycle.bicyclesCreated);
-        static public int BicyclesCreated = 0;
+        public static int BicyclesCreated { get; set; }
 
         // readonly values are set at run time
         // they can only be assigned upon declaration or in a constructor
@@ -827,7 +827,6 @@ on a new line! ""Wow!"", the masses cried";
 
  * Flags
  * Attributes
- * Static properties
  * Exceptions, Abstraction
  * ASP.NET (Web Forms/MVC/WebMatrix)
  * Winforms
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From dc34af2b5de78fb7e7f04e982e145d0bd67a3728 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Laoujin <woutervs@hotmail.com>
Date: Sat, 31 Jan 2015 22:34:42 +0100
Subject: [CSharp/en]Added [Flags]

---
 csharp.html.markdown | 17 ++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 16 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'csharp.html.markdown')

diff --git a/csharp.html.markdown b/csharp.html.markdown
index 61db6a8a..4258a0c6 100644
--- a/csharp.html.markdown
+++ b/csharp.html.markdown
@@ -622,6 +622,22 @@ on a new line! ""Wow!"", the masses cried";
 
         public BikeBrand Brand; // After declaring an enum type, we can declare the field of this type
 
+        // Decorate an enum with the FlagsAttribute to indicate that multiple values can be switched on
+        [Flags] // Any class derived from Attribute can be used to decorate types, methods, parameters etc
+        public enum BikeAccessories
+        {
+            None = 0,
+            Bell = 1,
+            MudGuards = 2, // need to set the values manually!
+            Racks = 4,
+            Lights = 8,
+            Full = Bell | MudGuards | Racks | Lights
+        }
+
+        // Usage: aBike.Accessories.HasFlag(Bicycle.BikeAccessories.Bell)
+        // Before .NET 4: (aBike.Accessories & Bicycle.BikeAccessories.Bell) == Bicycle.BikeAccessories.Bell
+        public BikeAccessories Accessories { get; set; }
+
         // Static members belong to the type itself rather then specific object.
         // You can access them without a reference to any object:
         // Console.WriteLine("Bicycles created: " + Bicycle.bicyclesCreated);
@@ -825,7 +841,6 @@ on a new line! ""Wow!"", the masses cried";
 
 ## Topics Not Covered
 
- * Flags
  * Attributes
  * Exceptions, Abstraction
  * ASP.NET (Web Forms/MVC/WebMatrix)
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 710f9fa03b5cea3d60906edb977133e37a19ebf6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Laoujin <woutervs@hotmail.com>
Date: Sat, 31 Jan 2015 23:14:58 +0100
Subject: [CSharp/en]Added exception handling

---
 csharp.html.markdown | 36 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 1 file changed, 34 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

(limited to 'csharp.html.markdown')

diff --git a/csharp.html.markdown b/csharp.html.markdown
index 4258a0c6..df265d8c 100644
--- a/csharp.html.markdown
+++ b/csharp.html.markdown
@@ -462,6 +462,31 @@ on a new line! ""Wow!"", the masses cried";
             Func<int, int> square = (x) => x * x; // Last T item is the return value
             Console.WriteLine(square(3)); // 9
 
+            // ERROR HANDLING - coping with an uncertain world
+            try
+            {
+                var funBike = PennyFarthing.CreateWithGears(6);
+
+                // will no longer execute because CreateWithGears throws an exception
+                string some = "";
+                if (true) some = null;
+                some.ToLower(); // throws a NullReferenceException
+            }
+            catch (NotSupportedException)
+            {
+                Console.WriteLine("Not so much fun now!");
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex) // catch all other exceptions
+            {
+                throw new ApplicationException("It hit the fan", ex);
+                // throw; // A rethrow that preserves the callstack
+            }
+            // catch { } // catch-all without capturing the Exception
+            finally
+            {
+                // executes after try or catch
+            }
+
             // DISPOSABLE RESOURCES MANAGEMENT - let you handle unmanaged resources easily.
             // Most of objects that access unmanaged resources (file handle, device contexts, etc.)
             // implement the IDisposable interface. The using statement takes care of 
@@ -780,10 +805,17 @@ on a new line! ""Wow!"", the masses cried";
             }
             set
             {
-                throw new ArgumentException("You can't change gears on a PennyFarthing");
+                throw new InvalidOperationException("You can't change gears on a PennyFarthing");
             }
         }
 
+        public static PennyFarthing CreateWithGears(int gears)
+        {
+            var penny = new PennyFarthing(1, 1);
+            penny.Gear = gears; // Oops, can't do this!
+            return penny;
+        }
+
         public override string Info()
         {
             string result = "PennyFarthing bicycle ";
@@ -842,7 +874,7 @@ on a new line! ""Wow!"", the masses cried";
 ## Topics Not Covered
 
  * Attributes
- * Exceptions, Abstraction
+ * Abstraction
  * ASP.NET (Web Forms/MVC/WebMatrix)
  * Winforms
  * Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF)
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 90e8dac0b8f5ad4cb0e9218cc05457da48dd4e98 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Laoujin <woutervs@hotmail.com>
Date: Sat, 31 Jan 2015 23:39:41 +0100
Subject: [CSharp/en]updated topics not covered + added myself :)

---
 csharp.html.markdown | 18 ++++++++++--------
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

(limited to 'csharp.html.markdown')

diff --git a/csharp.html.markdown b/csharp.html.markdown
index df265d8c..fc7588f8 100644
--- a/csharp.html.markdown
+++ b/csharp.html.markdown
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ contributors:
     - ["Max Yankov", "https://github.com/golergka"]
     - ["Melvyn Laïly", "http://x2a.yt"]
     - ["Shaun McCarthy", "http://www.shaunmccarthy.com"]
+    - ["Wouter Van Schandevijl", "http://github.com/laoujin"]
 filename: LearnCSharp.cs
 ---
 
@@ -874,10 +875,14 @@ on a new line! ""Wow!"", the masses cried";
 ## Topics Not Covered
 
  * Attributes
- * Abstraction
- * ASP.NET (Web Forms/MVC/WebMatrix)
- * Winforms
- * Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF)
+ * async/await, yield, pragma directives
+ * Web Development
+ 	* ASP.NET MVC & WebApi (new)
+ 	* ASP.NET Web Forms (old)
+ 	* WebMatrix (tool)
+ * Desktop Development
+ 	* Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) (new) 
+ 	* Winforms (old)
 
 ## Further Reading
 
@@ -890,7 +895,4 @@ on a new line! ""Wow!"", the masses cried";
  * [ASP.NET Web Matrix Tutorials](http://www.asp.net/web-pages/tutorials)
  * [ASP.NET Web Forms Tutorials](http://www.asp.net/web-forms/tutorials)
  * [Windows Forms Programming in C#](http://www.amazon.com/Windows-Forms-Programming-Chris-Sells/dp/0321116208)
-
-
-
-[C# Coding Conventions](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/vstudio/ff926074.aspx)
+ * [C# Coding Conventions](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/vstudio/ff926074.aspx)
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From f5d0208178d9903911249dad482cec37f5523627 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Laoujin <woutervs@hotmail.com>
Date: Sun, 1 Feb 2015 00:04:10 +0100
Subject: [CSharp/en]Fixes for my own changes

---
 csharp.html.markdown | 9 ++-------
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

(limited to 'csharp.html.markdown')

diff --git a/csharp.html.markdown b/csharp.html.markdown
index fc7588f8..58d5fa11 100644
--- a/csharp.html.markdown
+++ b/csharp.html.markdown
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ on a new line! ""Wow!"", the masses cried";
             // or
             tryInt.ToString();
 
-			// Casting
+            // Casting
             // Cast decimal 15 to a int
             // and then implicitly cast to long
             long x = (int) 15M;
@@ -390,11 +390,6 @@ on a new line! ""Wow!"", the masses cried";
             count = 15; // out param must be assigned before control leaves the method
         }
 
-        // Methods can have the same name, as long as the signature is unique
-        public static void MethodSignatures(string maxCount)
-        {
-        }
-
         // GENERICS
         // The classes for TKey and TValue is specified by the user calling this function.
         // This method emulates the SetDefault of Python
@@ -657,7 +652,7 @@ on a new line! ""Wow!"", the masses cried";
             MudGuards = 2, // need to set the values manually!
             Racks = 4,
             Lights = 8,
-            Full = Bell | MudGuards | Racks | Lights
+            FullPackage = Bell | MudGuards | Racks | Lights
         }
 
         // Usage: aBike.Accessories.HasFlag(Bicycle.BikeAccessories.Bell)
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 8911f368de43ab33d0d5ac251551de1ee765727c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Laoujin <woutervs@hotmail.com>
Date: Sun, 1 Feb 2015 06:01:01 +0100
Subject: [CSharp/en]extra details for using EntityFramework and namespaces

---
 csharp.html.markdown | 15 ++++++++++-----
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

(limited to 'csharp.html.markdown')

diff --git a/csharp.html.markdown b/csharp.html.markdown
index 58d5fa11..87a70200 100644
--- a/csharp.html.markdown
+++ b/csharp.html.markdown
@@ -24,19 +24,24 @@ Multi-line comments look like this
 /// </summary>
 //public void MethodOrClassOrOtherWithParsableHelp() {}
 
-// Specify namespaces application will be using
+// Specify the namespaces this source code will be using
+// The namespaces below are all part of the standard .NET Framework Class Libary 
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.Data.Entity; // Add dll reference with NuGet: Install-Package EntityFramework
 using System.Dynamic;
 using System.Linq;
-using System.Linq.Expressions;
 using System.Net;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using System.IO;
 
-// defines scope to organize code into "packages"
-namespace LearningXInYMinutes.CSharp
+// But this is one is not:
+using System.Data.Entity;
+// In order to be able to use it, you need to add a dll reference
+// This can be done with the NuGet package manager: `Install-Package EntityFramework`
+
+// Namespaces define scope to organize code into "packages" or "modules"
+// Using this code from another source file: using Learning.CSharp;
+namespace Learning.CSharp
 {
     // Each .cs file should at least contain a class with the same name as the file
     // you're allowed to do otherwise, but shouldn't for sanity.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 031637455c6fef9ea51dbe1073129c4871ad10d9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Laoujin <woutervs@hotmail.com>
Date: Sun, 1 Feb 2015 19:01:47 +0100
Subject: [CSharp/en]Fixed typo

---
 csharp.html.markdown | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'csharp.html.markdown')

diff --git a/csharp.html.markdown b/csharp.html.markdown
index 87a70200..479b7f01 100644
--- a/csharp.html.markdown
+++ b/csharp.html.markdown
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ using System.Net;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using System.IO;
 
-// But this is one is not:
+// But this one is not:
 using System.Data.Entity;
 // In order to be able to use it, you need to add a dll reference
 // This can be done with the NuGet package manager: `Install-Package EntityFramework`
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From f1a90a4e636616ce91a271504eee3f374bfd7094 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Guntbert Reiter <guntbert@gmx.at>
Date: Sun, 4 Oct 2015 16:44:24 +0200
Subject: Put demonstrative condition into ternary expression

It should be made clear that the part before the ternary operator is
indeed a condition, most often created as some comparison expression.
---
 csharp.html.markdown | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'csharp.html.markdown')

diff --git a/csharp.html.markdown b/csharp.html.markdown
index 479b7f01..222ba0d2 100644
--- a/csharp.html.markdown
+++ b/csharp.html.markdown
@@ -236,7 +236,8 @@ on a new line! ""Wow!"", the masses cried";
             // Ternary operators
             // A simple if/else can be written as follows
             // <condition> ? <true> : <false>
-            string isTrue = (true) ? "True" : "False";
+            int toCompare = 17;
+            string isTrue = toCompare == 17 ? "True" : "False";
 
             // While loop
             int fooWhile = 0;
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 960ee4a1856db8eadb96277bb2422edfa8f2a81c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Gabriel Halley <gabhalley@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 7 Oct 2015 23:11:24 -0400
Subject: removing whitespace all over

---
 csharp.html.markdown | 56 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------------------------
 1 file changed, 28 insertions(+), 28 deletions(-)

(limited to 'csharp.html.markdown')

diff --git a/csharp.html.markdown b/csharp.html.markdown
index 222ba0d2..02650038 100644
--- a/csharp.html.markdown
+++ b/csharp.html.markdown
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ Multi-line comments look like this
 //public void MethodOrClassOrOtherWithParsableHelp() {}
 
 // Specify the namespaces this source code will be using
-// The namespaces below are all part of the standard .NET Framework Class Libary 
+// The namespaces below are all part of the standard .NET Framework Class Libary
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Dynamic;
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ namespace Learning.CSharp
     public class LearnCSharp
     {
         // BASIC SYNTAX - skip to INTERESTING FEATURES if you have used Java or C++ before
-        public static void Syntax() 
+        public static void Syntax()
         {
             // Use Console.WriteLine to print lines
             Console.WriteLine("Hello World");
@@ -371,11 +371,11 @@ on a new line! ""Wow!"", the masses cried";
         //
         // INTERESTING FEATURES
         //
-        
+
         // DEFAULT METHOD SIGNATURES
 
         public // Visibility
-        static // Allows for direct call on class without object 
+        static // Allows for direct call on class without object
         int // Return Type,
         MethodSignatures(
             int maxCount, // First variable, expects an int
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ on a new line! ""Wow!"", the masses cried";
             int another = 3,
             params string[] otherParams // captures all other parameters passed to method
         )
-        { 
+        {
             return -1;
         }
 
@@ -400,8 +400,8 @@ on a new line! ""Wow!"", the masses cried";
         // The classes for TKey and TValue is specified by the user calling this function.
         // This method emulates the SetDefault of Python
         public static TValue SetDefault<TKey, TValue>(
-            IDictionary<TKey, TValue> dictionary, 
-            TKey key, 
+            IDictionary<TKey, TValue> dictionary,
+            TKey key,
             TValue defaultItem)
         {
             TValue result;
@@ -410,7 +410,7 @@ on a new line! ""Wow!"", the masses cried";
             return result;
         }
 
-        // You can narrow down the objects that are passed in 
+        // You can narrow down the objects that are passed in
         public static void IterateAndPrint<T>(T toPrint) where T: IEnumerable<int>
         {
             // We can iterate, since T is a IEnumerable
@@ -450,13 +450,13 @@ on a new line! ""Wow!"", the masses cried";
 
             // GENERICS
             //
-            var phonebook = new Dictionary<string, string>() { 
+            var phonebook = new Dictionary<string, string>() {
                 {"Sarah", "212 555 5555"} // Add some entries to the phone book
             };
 
             // Calling SETDEFAULT defined as a generic above
             Console.WriteLine(SetDefault<string,string>(phonebook, "Shaun", "No Phone")); // No Phone
-            // nb, you don't need to specify the TKey and TValue since they can be 
+            // nb, you don't need to specify the TKey and TValue since they can be
             // derived implicitly
             Console.WriteLine(SetDefault(phonebook, "Sarah", "No Phone")); // 212 555 5555
 
@@ -491,26 +491,26 @@ on a new line! ""Wow!"", the masses cried";
 
             // DISPOSABLE RESOURCES MANAGEMENT - let you handle unmanaged resources easily.
             // Most of objects that access unmanaged resources (file handle, device contexts, etc.)
-            // implement the IDisposable interface. The using statement takes care of 
+            // implement the IDisposable interface. The using statement takes care of
             // cleaning those IDisposable objects for you.
             using (StreamWriter writer = new StreamWriter("log.txt"))
             {
                 writer.WriteLine("Nothing suspicious here");
                 // At the end of scope, resources will be released.
                 // Even if an exception is thrown.
-            } 
+            }
 
             // PARALLEL FRAMEWORK
             // http://blogs.msdn.com/b/csharpfaq/archive/2010/06/01/parallel-programming-in-net-framework-4-getting-started.aspx
-            var websites = new string[] { 
-                "http://www.google.com", "http://www.reddit.com", 
+            var websites = new string[] {
+                "http://www.google.com", "http://www.reddit.com",
                 "http://www.shaunmccarthy.com"
             };
             var responses = new Dictionary<string, string>();
-            
+
             // Will spin up separate threads for each request, and join on them
             // before going to the next step!
-            Parallel.ForEach(websites, 
+            Parallel.ForEach(websites,
                 new ParallelOptions() {MaxDegreeOfParallelism = 3}, // max of 3 threads
                 website =>
             {
@@ -534,7 +534,7 @@ on a new line! ""Wow!"", the masses cried";
                 (introduceTo) => string.Format("Hey {0}, this is {1}", student.FirstName, introduceTo));
             Console.WriteLine(student.Introduce("Beth"));
 
-            // IQUERYABLE<T> - almost all collections implement this, which gives you a lot of 
+            // IQUERYABLE<T> - almost all collections implement this, which gives you a lot of
             // very useful Map / Filter / Reduce style methods
             var bikes = new List<Bicycle>();
             bikes.Sort(); // Sorts the array
@@ -556,8 +556,8 @@ on a new line! ""Wow!"", the masses cried";
             // ASPARALLEL
             // And this is where things get wicked - combines linq and parallel operations
             var threeWheelers = bikes.AsParallel().Where(b => b.Wheels == 3).Select(b => b.Name);
-            // this will happen in parallel! Threads will automagically be spun up and the 
-            // results divvied amongst them! Amazing for large datasets when you have lots of 
+            // this will happen in parallel! Threads will automagically be spun up and the
+            // results divvied amongst them! Amazing for large datasets when you have lots of
             // cores
 
             // LINQ - maps a store to IQueryable<T> objects, with delayed execution
@@ -575,9 +575,9 @@ on a new line! ""Wow!"", the masses cried";
                 .Select(b => b.Name); // still no query run
 
             // Now the query runs, but opens a reader, so only populates are you iterate through
-            foreach (string bike in query) 
+            foreach (string bike in query)
                 Console.WriteLine(result);
-            
+
 
 
         }
@@ -629,7 +629,7 @@ on a new line! ""Wow!"", the masses cried";
             private set; // You can set modifiers on the get/set methods
         }
 
-        int _speed; // Everything is private by default: Only accessible from within this class. 
+        int _speed; // Everything is private by default: Only accessible from within this class.
                     // can also use keyword private
         public string Name { get; set; }
 
@@ -676,7 +676,7 @@ on a new line! ""Wow!"", the masses cried";
 
         // Constructors are a way of creating classes
         // This is a default constructor
-        public Bicycle() 
+        public Bicycle()
         {
             this.Gear = 1; // you can access members of the object with the keyword this
             Cadence = 50;  // but you don't always need it
@@ -688,13 +688,13 @@ on a new line! ""Wow!"", the masses cried";
 
         // This is a specified constructor (it contains arguments)
         public Bicycle(int startCadence, int startSpeed, int startGear,
-                       string name, bool hasCardsInSpokes, BikeBrand brand) 
+                       string name, bool hasCardsInSpokes, BikeBrand brand)
             : base() // calls base first
         {
-            Gear = startGear; 
+            Gear = startGear;
             Cadence = startCadence;
             _speed = startSpeed;
-            Name = name; 
+            Name = name;
             _hasCardsInSpokes = hasCardsInSpokes;
             Brand = brand;
         }
@@ -857,7 +857,7 @@ on a new line! ""Wow!"", the masses cried";
     }
 
     /// <summary>
-    /// Used to connect to DB for LinqToSql example. 
+    /// Used to connect to DB for LinqToSql example.
     /// EntityFramework Code First is awesome (similar to Ruby's ActiveRecord, but bidirectional)
     /// http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/data/jj193542.aspx
     /// </summary>
@@ -882,7 +882,7 @@ on a new line! ""Wow!"", the masses cried";
  	* ASP.NET Web Forms (old)
  	* WebMatrix (tool)
  * Desktop Development
- 	* Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) (new) 
+ 	* Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) (new)
  	* Winforms (old)
 
 ## Further Reading
-- 
cgit v1.2.3