From c5c76b4a5d36b729bd782d3e3695aa1a7083a129 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: hanguokai Date: Sat, 10 Aug 2013 06:35:01 +0800 Subject: add translation for dart. --- zh-cn/dart-cn.html.markdown | 205 +++++++++++++++++++++----------------------- 1 file changed, 97 insertions(+), 108 deletions(-) (limited to 'zh-cn') diff --git a/zh-cn/dart-cn.html.markdown b/zh-cn/dart-cn.html.markdown index 47b1a93b..64663b21 100644 --- a/zh-cn/dart-cn.html.markdown +++ b/zh-cn/dart-cn.html.markdown @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ translators: Dart 是编程语言王国的新人。 它借鉴了许多其他主流语言,并且不会偏离它的兄弟语言 JavaScript 太多。 -就像 JavaScript,Dart 的目标是提供良好的浏览器集成。 +就像 JavaScript 一样,Dart 的目标是提供良好的浏览器集成。 Dart 最有争议的特性必然是它的可选类型。 @@ -17,15 +17,14 @@ Dart 最有争议的特性必然是它的可选类型。 import "dart:collection"; import "dart:math" as DM; -// Welcome to Learn Dart in 15 minutes. http://www.dartlang.org/ -// This is an executable tutorial. You can run it with Dart or on -// the Try Dart! site if you copy/paste it there. http://try.dartlang.org/ +// 欢迎进入15分钟的 Dart 学习。 http://www.dartlang.org/ +// 这是一个可实际执行的向导。你可以用 Dart 运行它 +// 或者在线执行! 可以把代码复制/粘贴到这个网站。 http://try.dartlang.org/ -// Function declaration and method declaration look the same. Function -// declarations can be nested. The declaration takes the form of -// name() {} or name() => singleLineExpression; -// The fat arrow function declaration has an implicit return for the result of -// the expression. +// 函数声明和方法声明看起来一样。 +// 函数声明可以嵌套。声明使用这种 name() {} 的形式, +// 或者 name() => 单行表达式; 的形式。 +// 右箭头的声明形式会隐式地返回表达式的结果。 example1() { example1nested1() { example1nested2() => print("Example1 nested 1 nested 2"); @@ -34,7 +33,7 @@ example1() { example1nested1(); } -// Anonymous functions don't include a name. +// 匿名函数没有函数名。 example2() { example2nested1(fn) { fn(); @@ -42,21 +41,20 @@ example2() { example2nested1(() => print("Example2 nested 1")); } -// When a function parameter is declared, the declaration can include the -// number of parameters the function takes by specifying the names of the -// parameters it takes. +// 当声明函数类型的参数的时候,声明中可以包含 +// 函数参数需要的参数,指定所需的参数名即可。 example3() { example3nested1(fn(informSomething)) { fn("Example3 nested 1"); } - example3planB(fn) { // Or don't declare number of parameters. + example3planB(fn) { // 或者不声明函数参数的参数 fn("Example3 plan B"); } example3nested1((s) => print(s)); example3planB((s) => print(s)); } -// Functions have closure access to outer variables. +// 函数有可以访问到外层变量的闭包。 var example4Something = "Example4 nested 1"; example4() { example4nested1(fn(informSomething)) { @@ -65,8 +63,8 @@ example4() { example4nested1((s) => print(s)); } -// Class declaration with a sayIt method, which also has closure access -// to the outer variable as though it were a function as seen before. +// 下面这个包含 sayIt 方法的类声明,同样有一个可以访问外层变量的闭包, +// 就像前面的函数一样。 var example5method = "Example5 sayIt"; class Example5Class { sayIt() { @@ -74,14 +72,14 @@ class Example5Class { } } example5() { - // Create an anonymous instance of the Example5Class and call the sayIt - // method on it. + // 创建一个 Example5Class 类的匿名实例, + // 并调用它的 sayIt 方法。 new Example5Class().sayIt(); } -// Class declaration takes the form of class name { [classBody] }. -// Where classBody can include instance methods and variables, but also -// class methods and variables. +// 类的声明使用这种形式 class name { [classBody] }. +// classBody 中可以包含实例方法和变量, +// 还可以包含类方法和变量。 class Example6Class { var example6InstanceVariable = "Example6 instance variable"; sayIt() { @@ -92,7 +90,7 @@ example6() { new Example6Class().sayIt(); } -// Class methods and variables are declared with "static" terms. +// 类方法和变量使用 static 关键词声明。 class Example7Class { static var example7ClassVariable = "Example7 class variable"; static sayItFromClass() { @@ -107,11 +105,10 @@ example7() { new Example7Class().sayItFromInstance(); } -// Literals are great, but there's a restriction for what literals can be -// outside of function/method bodies. Literals on the outer scope of class -// or outside of class have to be constant. Strings and numbers are constant -// by default. But arrays and maps are not. They can be made constant by -// declaring them "const". +// 字面量非常方便,但是对于在函数/方法的外层的字面量有一个限制, +// 类的外层或外面的字面量必需是常量。 +// 字符串和数字默认是常量。 +// 但是 array 和 map 不是。他们需要用 "const" 声明为常量。 var example8A = const ["Example8 const array"], example8M = const {"someKey": "Example8 const map"}; example8() { @@ -119,9 +116,9 @@ example8() { print(example8M["someKey"]); } -// Loops in Dart take the form of standard for () {} or while () {} loops, -// slightly more modern for (.. in ..) {}, or functional callbacks with many -// supported features, starting with forEach. +// Dart 中的循环使用标准的 for () {} 或 while () {} 的形式, +// 以及更加现代的 for (.. in ..) {} 的形式, 或者 +// 以 forEach 开头并具有许多特性支持的函数回调的形式。 var example9A = const ["a", "b"]; example9() { for (var i = 0; i < example9A.length; i++) { @@ -138,7 +135,7 @@ example9() { example9A.forEach((e) => print("Example9 forEach loop '${e}'")); } -// To loop over the characters of a string or to extract a substring. +// 遍历字符串中的每个字符或者提取其子串。 var example10S = "ab"; example10() { for (var i = 0; i < example10S.length; i++) { @@ -149,14 +146,14 @@ example10() { } } -// Int and double are the two supported number formats. +// 支持两种数字格式 int 和 double 。 example11() { var i = 1 + 320, d = 3.2 + 0.01; print("Example11 int ${i}"); print("Example11 double ${d}"); } -// DateTime provides date/time arithmetic. +// DateTime 提供了日期/时间的算法。 example12() { var now = new DateTime.now(); print("Example12 now '${now}'"); @@ -164,7 +161,7 @@ example12() { print("Example12 tomorrow '${now}'"); } -// Regular expressions are supported. +// 支持正则表达式。 example13() { var s1 = "some string", s2 = "some", re = new RegExp("^s.+?g\$"); match(s) { @@ -178,8 +175,8 @@ example13() { match(s2); } -// Boolean expressions need to resolve to either true or false, as no -// implicit conversions are supported. +// 布尔表达式必需被解析为 true 或 false, +// 因为不支持隐式转换。 example14() { var v = true; if (v) { @@ -188,17 +185,17 @@ example14() { v = null; try { if (v) { - // Never runs + // 不会执行 } else { - // Never runs + // 不会执行 } } catch (e) { print("Example14 null value causes an exception: '${e}'"); } } -// try/catch/finally and throw are used for exception handling. -// throw takes any object as parameter; +// try/catch/finally 和 throw 语句用于异常处理。 +// throw 语句可以使用任何对象作为参数。 example15() { try { try { @@ -214,8 +211,8 @@ example15() { } } -// To be efficient when creating a long string dynamically, use -// StringBuffer. Or you could join a string array. +// 要想有效地动态创建长字符串, +// 应该使用 StringBuffer。 或者 join 一个字符串的数组。 example16() { var sb = new StringBuffer(), a = ["a", "b", "c", "d"], e; for (e in a) { sb.write(e); } @@ -224,8 +221,8 @@ example16() { print("Example16 join string array '${a.join()}'"); } -// Strings can be concatenated by just having string literals next to -// one another with no further operator needed. +// 字符串连接只需让相邻的字符串字面量挨着, +// 不需要额外的操作符。 example17() { print("Example17 " "concatenate " @@ -233,44 +230,41 @@ example17() { "just like that"); } -// Strings have single-quote or double-quote for delimiters with no -// actual difference between the two. The given flexibility can be good -// to avoid the need to escape content that matches the delimiter being -// used. For example, double-quotes of HTML attributes if the string -// contains HTML content. +// 字符串使用单引号或双引号做分隔符,二者并没有实际的差异。 +// 这种灵活性可以很好地避免内容中需要转义分隔符的情况。 +// 例如,字符串内容里的 HTML 属性使用了双引号。 example18() { print('Example18 ' "Don't can't I'm Etc" ''); } -// Strings with triple single-quotes or triple double-quotes span -// multiple lines and include line delimiters. +// 用三个单引号或三个双引号表示的字符串 +// 可以跨越多行,并且包含行分隔符。 example19() { print('''Example19 Example19 Don't can't I'm Etc Example19 '''); } -// Strings have the nice interpolation feature with the $ character. -// With $ { [expression] }, the return of the expression is interpolated. -// $ followed by a variable name interpolates the content of that variable. -// $ can be escaped like so \$ to just add it to the string instead. +// 字符串可以使用 $ 字符插入内容。 +// 使用 $ { [expression] } 的形式,表达式的值会被插入到字符串中。 +// $ 跟着一个变量名会插入变量的值。 +// 如果要在字符串中插入 $ ,可以使用 \$ 的转义形式代替。 example20() { var s1 = "'\${s}'", s2 = "'\$s'"; print("Example20 \$ interpolation ${s1} or $s2 works."); } -// Optional types allow for the annotation of APIs and come to the aid of -// IDEs so the IDEs can better refactor, auto-complete and check for -// errors. So far we haven't declared any types and the programs have -// worked just fine. In fact, types are disregarded during runtime. -// Types can even be wrong and the program will still be given the -// benefit of the doubt and be run as though the types didn't matter. -// There's a runtime parameter that checks for type errors which is -// the checked mode, which is said to be useful during development time, -// but which is also slower because of the extra checking and is thus -// avoided during deployment runtime. +// 可选类型允许作为 API 的标注,并且可以辅助 IDE, +// 这样 IDE 可以更好地提供重构、自动完成和错误检测功能。 +// 目前为止我们还没有声明任何类型,并且程序运行地很好。 +// 事实上,类型在运行时会被忽略。 +// 类型甚至可以是错的,并且程序依然可以执行, +// 好像和类型完全无关一样。 +// 有一个运行时参数可以让程序进入检查模式,它会在运行时检查类型错误。 +// 这在开发时很有用,但是由于增加了额外的检查会使程序变慢, +// 因此应该避免在部署时使用。 class Example21 { List _names; Example21() { @@ -293,7 +287,7 @@ void example21() { print("Example21 names '${o.names}' and length '${o.length}'"); } -// Class inheritance takes the form of class name extends AnotherClassName {}. +// 类的继承形式是 class name extends AnotherClassName {} 。 class Example22A { var _name = "Some Name!"; get name => _name; @@ -304,13 +298,13 @@ example22() { print("Example22 class inheritance '${o.name}'"); } -// Class mixin is also available, and takes the form of +// 类也可以使用 mixin 的形式 : // class name extends SomeClass with AnotherClassName {}. -// It's necessary to extend some class to be able to mixin another one. -// The template class of mixin cannot at the moment have a constructor. -// Mixin is mostly used to share methods with distant classes, so the -// single inheritance doesn't get in the way of reusable code. -// Mixins follow the "with" statement during the class declaration. +// 必需继承某个类才能 mixin 另一个类。 +// 当前 mixin 的模板类不能有构造函数。 +// Mixin 主要是用来和辅助的类共享方法的, +// 这样单一继承就不会影响代码复用。 +// Mixin 声明在类定义的 "with" 关键词后面。 class Example23A {} class Example23Utils { addTwo(n1, n2) { @@ -329,10 +323,9 @@ example23() { print("Example23 addTwo(1, 2) results in '${r2}'"); } -// The Class constructor method uses the same name of the class and -// takes the form of SomeClass() : super() {}, where the ": super()" -// part is optional and it's used to delegate constant parameters to the -// super-parent's constructor. +// 类的构造函数名和类名相同,形式为 +// SomeClass() : super() {}, 其中 ": super()" 的部分是可选的, +// 它用来传递参数给父类的构造函数。 class Example24A { var _value; Example24A({value: "someValue"}) { @@ -350,9 +343,9 @@ example24() { print("Example24 calling super during constructor '${o2.value}'"); } -// There's a shortcut to set constructor parameters in case of simpler classes. -// Just use the this.parameterName prefix and it will set the parameter on -// an instance variable of same name. +// 对于简单的类,有一种设置构造函数参数的快捷方式。 +// 只需要使用 this.parameterName 的前缀, +// 它就会把参数设置为同名的实例变量。 class Example25 { var value, anotherValue; Example25({this.value, this.anotherValue}); @@ -363,9 +356,9 @@ example25() { "'${o.anotherValue}'"); } -// Named parameters are available when declared between {}. -// Parameter order can be optional when declared between {}. -// Parameters can be made optional when declared between []. +// 可以在大括号 {} 中声明命名参数。 +// 大括号 {} 中声明的参数的顺序是随意的。 +// 在中括号 [] 中声明的参数也是可选的。 example26() { var _name, _surname, _email; setConfig1({name, surname}) { @@ -385,13 +378,11 @@ example26() { "email '${_email}'"); } -// Variables declared with final can only be set once. -// In case of classes, final instance variables can be set via constant -// constructor parameter. +// 使用 final 声明的变量只能被设置一次。 +// 在类里面,final 实例变量可以通过常量的构造函数参数设置。 class Example27 { final color1, color2; - // A little flexibility to set final instance variables with syntax - // that follows the : + // 更灵活一点的方法是在冒号 : 后面设置 final 实例变量。 Example27({this.color1, color2}) : color2 = color2; } example27() { @@ -400,11 +391,11 @@ example27() { print("Example27 color is '${o.color1}' and '${o.color2}'"); } -// To import a library, use import "libraryPath" or if it's a core library, -// import "dart:libraryName". There's also the "pub" package management with -// its own convention of import "package:packageName". -// See import "dart:collection"; at the top. Imports must come before -// other code declarations. IterableBase comes from dart:collection. +// 要导入一个库,使用 import "libraryPath" 的形式,或者如果要导入的是 +// 核心库使用 import "dart:libraryName" 。还有一个称为 "pub" 的包管理工具, +// 它使用 import "package:packageName" 的约定形式。 +// 看下这个文件顶部的 import "dart:collection"; 语句。 +// 导入语句必需在其它代码声明之前出现。IterableBase 来自于 dart:collection 。 class Example28 extends IterableBase { var names; Example28() { @@ -417,11 +408,11 @@ example28() { o.forEach((name) => print("Example28 '${name}'")); } -// For control flow we have: -// * standard switch with must break statements -// * if-else if-else and ternary ..?..:.. operator -// * closures and anonymous functions -// * break, continue and return statements +// 对于控制流语句,我们有: +// * 必需带 break 的标准 switch 语句 +// * if-else 和三元操作符 ..?..:.. +// * 闭包和匿名函数 +// * break, continue 和 return 语句 example29() { var v = true ? 30 : 60; switch (v) { @@ -448,12 +439,12 @@ example29() { } else { continue; } - // Never gets here. + // 不会到这里。 } } -// Parse int, convert double to int, or just keep int when dividing numbers -// by using the ~/ operation. Let's play a guess game too. +// 解析 int,把 double 转成 int,或者使用 ~/ 操作符在除法计算时仅保留整数位。 +// 让我们也来场猜数游戏吧。 example30() { var gn, tooHigh = false, n, n2 = (2.0).toInt(), top = int.parse("123") ~/ n2, bottom = 0; @@ -481,11 +472,9 @@ example30() { } } -// Programs have only one entry point in the main function. -// Nothing is expected to be executed on the outer scope before a program -// starts running with what's in its main function. -// This helps with faster loading and even lazily loading of just what -// the program needs to startup with. +// 程序的唯一入口点是 main 函数。 +// 在程序开始执行 main 函数之前,不期望执行任何外层代码。 +// 这样可以帮助程序更快地加载,甚至仅惰性加载程序启动时需要的部分。 main() { print("Learn Dart in 15 minutes!"); [example1, example2, example3, example4, example5, example6, example7, @@ -500,8 +489,8 @@ main() { ## 延伸阅读 -Dart 有一个全面的网站。它涵盖了 API 参考、入门向导、文章以及更多, -包括一个有用的 Dart 在线试用。 +Dart 有一个综合性网站。它涵盖了 API 参考、入门向导、文章以及更多, +还包括一个有用的在线试用 Dart 页面。 http://www.dartlang.org/ http://try.dartlang.org/ -- cgit v1.2.3