From 96f0b3b3903c6f619b4a964a98e1cb0a463c47e6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hinet60613 <hinet60613@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 2 Nov 2015 00:03:58 +0800
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+---
+language: python
+contributors:
+    - ["Louie Dinh", "http://ldinh.ca"]
+    - ["Amin Bandali", "http://aminbandali.com"]
+    - ["Andre Polykanine", "https://github.com/Oire"]
+    - ["evuez", "http://github.com/evuez"]
+translators:
+    - ["Michael Yeh", "https://github.com/hinet60613"]
+filename: learnpython.py
+---
+
+Python是在1990年代早期由Guido Van Rossum創建的。它是現在最流行的程式語言之一。我愛上Python是因為他極為清晰的語法，甚至可以說它就是可執行的虛擬碼。
+
+非常歡迎各位給我們任何回饋！ 你可以在[@louiedinh](http://twitter.com/louiedinh) 或 louiedinh [at] [google's email service]聯絡到我。
+
+註： 本篇文章適用的版本為Python 2.7，但大部分的Python 2.X版本應該都適用。 Python 2.7將會在2020年停止維護，因此建議您可以從Python 3開始學Python。
+Python 3.X可以看這篇[Python 3 教學 (英文)](http://learnxinyminutes.com/docs/python3/).
+
+讓程式碼同時支援Python 2.7和3.X是可以做到的，只要引入
+ [`__future__` imports](https://docs.python.org/2/library/__future__.html) 模組.
+ `__future__` 模組允許你撰寫可以在Python 2上執行的Python 3程式碼，詳細訊息請參考Python 3 教學。
+
+```python
+
+# 單行註解從井字號開始
+
+""" 多行字串可以用三個雙引號
+    包住，不過通常這種寫法會
+    被拿來當作多行註解
+"""
+
+####################################################
+## 1. 原始型別與運算元
+####################################################
+
+# 你可以使用數字
+3  # => 3
+
+# 還有四則運算
+1 + 1  # => 2
+8 - 1  # => 7
+10 * 2  # => 20
+35 / 5  # => 7
+
+# 除法比較麻煩，除以整數時會自動捨去小數位。
+5 / 2  # => 2
+
+# 要做精確的除法，我們需要浮點數
+2.0     # 浮點數
+11.0 / 4.0  # => 2.75 精確多了！
+
+# 整數除法的無條件捨去對正數或負數都適用
+5 // 3     # => 1
+5.0 // 3.0 # => 1.0 # 浮點數的整數也適用
+-5 // 3  # => -2
+-5.0 // 3.0 # => -2.0
+
+# 我們可以用除法模組(參考第六節:模組)，讓
+# 單一斜線代表普通除法，而非無條件捨去
+from __future__ import division
+11/4    # => 2.75  ...普通除法
+11//4   # => 2 ...無條件捨去
+
+# 取餘數
+7 % 3 # => 1
+
+# 指數 (x的y次方)
+2**4 # => 16
+
+# 括號即先乘除後加減
+(1 + 3) * 2  # => 8
+
+# 布林運算
+# 注意 "and" 和 "or" 的大小寫
+True and False #=> False
+False or True #=> True
+
+# 用整數與布林值做運算
+0 and 2 #=> 0
+-5 or 0 #=> -5
+0 == False #=> True
+2 == True #=> False
+1 == True #=> True
+
+# 用not取反向
+not True  # => False
+not False  # => True
+
+# 等於判斷是用 ==
+1 == 1  # => True
+2 == 1  # => False
+
+# 不等於判斷是用 !=
+1 != 1  # => False
+2 != 1  # => True
+
+# 更多比較
+1 < 10  # => True
+1 > 10  # => False
+2 <= 2  # => True
+2 >= 2  # => True
+
+# 比較是可以串接的
+1 < 2 < 3  # => True
+2 < 3 < 2  # => False
+
+# 字串用單引號 ' 或雙引號 " 建立
+"This is a string."
+'This is also a string.'
+
+# 字串相加會被串接再一起
+"Hello " + "world!"  # => "Hello world!"
+# 不用加號也可以做字串相加
+"Hello " "world!"  # => "Hello world!"
+
+# ... 也可以做相乘
+"Hello" * 3  # => "HelloHelloHello"
+
+# 字串可以被視為字元的陣列
+"This is a string"[0]  # => 'T'
+
+# 字串的格式化可以用百分之符號 %
+# 儘管在Python 3.1後這個功能被廢棄了，並且在
+# 之後的版本會被移除，但還是可以了解一下
+x = 'apple'
+y = 'lemon'
+z = "The items in the basket are %s and %s" % (x,y)
+
+# 新的格式化方式是使用format函式
+# 這個方式也是較為推薦的
+"{} is a {}".format("This", "placeholder")
+"{0} can be {1}".format("strings", "formatted")
+# 你也可以用關鍵字，如果你不想數你是要用第幾個變數的話
+"{name} wants to eat {food}".format(name="Bob", food="lasagna")
+
+# 無(None) 是一個物件
+None  # => None
+
+# 不要用等於符號 "==" 對 無(None)做比較
+# 用 "is" 
+"etc" is None  # => False
+None is None  # => True
+
+# The 'is' operator tests for object identity. This isn't
+# very useful when dealing with primitive values, but is
+# very useful when dealing with objects.
+
+# Any object can be used in a Boolean context.
+# The following values are considered falsey:
+#    - None
+#    - zero of any numeric type (e.g., 0, 0L, 0.0, 0j)
+#    - empty sequences (e.g., '', (), [])
+#    - empty containers (e.g., {}, set())
+#    - instances of user-defined classes meeting certain conditions
+#      see: https://docs.python.org/2/reference/datamodel.html#object.__nonzero__
+#
+# All other values are truthy (using the bool() function on them returns True).
+bool(0)  # => False
+bool("")  # => False
+
+
+####################################################
+## 2. Variables and Collections
+####################################################
+
+# Python has a print statement
+print "I'm Python. Nice to meet you!" # => I'm Python. Nice to meet you!
+
+# Simple way to get input data from console
+input_string_var = raw_input("Enter some data: ") # Returns the data as a string
+input_var = input("Enter some data: ") # Evaluates the data as python code
+# Warning: Caution is recommended for input() method usage
+# Note: In python 3, input() is deprecated and raw_input() is renamed to input()
+
+# No need to declare variables before assigning to them.
+some_var = 5    # Convention is to use lower_case_with_underscores
+some_var  # => 5
+
+# Accessing a previously unassigned variable is an exception.
+# See Control Flow to learn more about exception handling.
+some_other_var  # Raises a name error
+
+# if can be used as an expression
+# Equivalent of C's '?:' ternary operator
+"yahoo!" if 3 > 2 else 2  # => "yahoo!"
+
+# Lists store sequences
+li = []
+# You can start with a prefilled list
+other_li = [4, 5, 6]
+
+# Add stuff to the end of a list with append
+li.append(1)    # li is now [1]
+li.append(2)    # li is now [1, 2]
+li.append(4)    # li is now [1, 2, 4]
+li.append(3)    # li is now [1, 2, 4, 3]
+# Remove from the end with pop
+li.pop()        # => 3 and li is now [1, 2, 4]
+# Let's put it back
+li.append(3)    # li is now [1, 2, 4, 3] again.
+
+# Access a list like you would any array
+li[0]  # => 1
+# Assign new values to indexes that have already been initialized with =
+li[0] = 42
+li[0]  # => 42
+li[0] = 1  # Note: setting it back to the original value
+# Look at the last element
+li[-1]  # => 3
+
+# Looking out of bounds is an IndexError
+li[4]  # Raises an IndexError
+
+# You can look at ranges with slice syntax.
+# (It's a closed/open range for you mathy types.)
+li[1:3]  # => [2, 4]
+# Omit the beginning
+li[2:]  # => [4, 3]
+# Omit the end
+li[:3]  # => [1, 2, 4]
+# Select every second entry
+li[::2]   # =>[1, 4]
+# Reverse a copy of the list
+li[::-1]   # => [3, 4, 2, 1]
+# Use any combination of these to make advanced slices
+# li[start:end:step]
+
+# Remove arbitrary elements from a list with "del"
+del li[2]   # li is now [1, 2, 3]
+
+# You can add lists
+li + other_li   # => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
+# Note: values for li and for other_li are not modified.
+
+# Concatenate lists with "extend()"
+li.extend(other_li)   # Now li is [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
+
+# Remove first occurrence of a value
+li.remove(2)  # li is now [1, 3, 4, 5, 6]
+li.remove(2)  # Raises a ValueError as 2 is not in the list
+
+# Insert an element at a specific index
+li.insert(1, 2)  # li is now [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] again
+
+# Get the index of the first item found
+li.index(2)  # => 1
+li.index(7)  # Raises a ValueError as 7 is not in the list
+
+# Check for existence in a list with "in"
+1 in li   # => True
+
+# Examine the length with "len()"
+len(li)   # => 6
+
+
+# Tuples are like lists but are immutable.
+tup = (1, 2, 3)
+tup[0]   # => 1
+tup[0] = 3  # Raises a TypeError
+
+# You can do all those list thingies on tuples too
+len(tup)   # => 3
+tup + (4, 5, 6)   # => (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
+tup[:2]   # => (1, 2)
+2 in tup   # => True
+
+# You can unpack tuples (or lists) into variables
+a, b, c = (1, 2, 3)     # a is now 1, b is now 2 and c is now 3
+d, e, f = 4, 5, 6       # you can leave out the parentheses
+# Tuples are created by default if you leave out the parentheses
+g = 4, 5, 6             # => (4, 5, 6)
+# Now look how easy it is to swap two values
+e, d = d, e     # d is now 5 and e is now 4
+
+
+# Dictionaries store mappings
+empty_dict = {}
+# Here is a prefilled dictionary
+filled_dict = {"one": 1, "two": 2, "three": 3}
+
+# Look up values with []
+filled_dict["one"]   # => 1
+
+# Get all keys as a list with "keys()"
+filled_dict.keys()   # => ["three", "two", "one"]
+# Note - Dictionary key ordering is not guaranteed.
+# Your results might not match this exactly.
+
+# Get all values as a list with "values()"
+filled_dict.values()   # => [3, 2, 1]
+# Note - Same as above regarding key ordering.
+
+# Check for existence of keys in a dictionary with "in"
+"one" in filled_dict   # => True
+1 in filled_dict   # => False
+
+# Looking up a non-existing key is a KeyError
+filled_dict["four"]   # KeyError
+
+# Use "get()" method to avoid the KeyError
+filled_dict.get("one")   # => 1
+filled_dict.get("four")   # => None
+# The get method supports a default argument when the value is missing
+filled_dict.get("one", 4)   # => 1
+filled_dict.get("four", 4)   # => 4
+# note that filled_dict.get("four") is still => None
+# (get doesn't set the value in the dictionary)
+
+# set the value of a key with a syntax similar to lists
+filled_dict["four"] = 4  # now, filled_dict["four"] => 4
+
+# "setdefault()" inserts into a dictionary only if the given key isn't present
+filled_dict.setdefault("five", 5)  # filled_dict["five"] is set to 5
+filled_dict.setdefault("five", 6)  # filled_dict["five"] is still 5
+
+
+# Sets store ... well sets (which are like lists but can contain no duplicates)
+empty_set = set()
+# Initialize a "set()" with a bunch of values
+some_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 4])   # some_set is now set([1, 2, 3, 4])
+
+# order is not guaranteed, even though it may sometimes look sorted
+another_set = set([4, 3, 2, 2, 1])  # another_set is now set([1, 2, 3, 4])
+
+# Since Python 2.7, {} can be used to declare a set
+filled_set = {1, 2, 2, 3, 4}   # => {1, 2, 3, 4}
+
+# Add more items to a set
+filled_set.add(5)   # filled_set is now {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
+
+# Do set intersection with &
+other_set = {3, 4, 5, 6}
+filled_set & other_set   # => {3, 4, 5}
+
+# Do set union with |
+filled_set | other_set   # => {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
+
+# Do set difference with -
+{1, 2, 3, 4} - {2, 3, 5}   # => {1, 4}
+
+# Do set symmetric difference with ^
+{1, 2, 3, 4} ^ {2, 3, 5}  # => {1, 4, 5}
+
+# Check if set on the left is a superset of set on the right
+{1, 2} >= {1, 2, 3} # => False
+
+# Check if set on the left is a subset of set on the right
+{1, 2} <= {1, 2, 3} # => True
+
+# Check for existence in a set with in
+2 in filled_set   # => True
+10 in filled_set   # => False
+
+
+####################################################
+## 3. Control Flow
+####################################################
+
+# Let's just make a variable
+some_var = 5
+
+# Here is an if statement. Indentation is significant in python!
+# prints "some_var is smaller than 10"
+if some_var > 10:
+    print "some_var is totally bigger than 10."
+elif some_var < 10:    # This elif clause is optional.
+    print "some_var is smaller than 10."
+else:           # This is optional too.
+    print "some_var is indeed 10."
+
+
+"""
+For loops iterate over lists
+prints:
+    dog is a mammal
+    cat is a mammal
+    mouse is a mammal
+"""
+for animal in ["dog", "cat", "mouse"]:
+    # You can use {0} to interpolate formatted strings. (See above.)
+    print "{0} is a mammal".format(animal)
+
+"""
+"range(number)" returns a list of numbers
+from zero to the given number
+prints:
+    0
+    1
+    2
+    3
+"""
+for i in range(4):
+    print i
+
+"""
+"range(lower, upper)" returns a list of numbers
+from the lower number to the upper number
+prints:
+    4
+    5
+    6
+    7
+"""
+for i in range(4, 8):
+    print i
+
+"""
+While loops go until a condition is no longer met.
+prints:
+    0
+    1
+    2
+    3
+"""
+x = 0
+while x < 4:
+    print x
+    x += 1  # Shorthand for x = x + 1
+
+# Handle exceptions with a try/except block
+
+# Works on Python 2.6 and up:
+try:
+    # Use "raise" to raise an error
+    raise IndexError("This is an index error")
+except IndexError as e:
+    pass    # Pass is just a no-op. Usually you would do recovery here.
+except (TypeError, NameError):
+    pass    # Multiple exceptions can be handled together, if required.
+else:   # Optional clause to the try/except block. Must follow all except blocks
+    print "All good!"   # Runs only if the code in try raises no exceptions
+finally: #  Execute under all circumstances
+    print "We can clean up resources here"
+
+# Instead of try/finally to cleanup resources you can use a with statement
+with open("myfile.txt") as f:
+    for line in f:
+        print line
+
+####################################################
+## 4. Functions
+####################################################
+
+# Use "def" to create new functions
+def add(x, y):
+    print "x is {0} and y is {1}".format(x, y)
+    return x + y    # Return values with a return statement
+
+# Calling functions with parameters
+add(5, 6)   # => prints out "x is 5 and y is 6" and returns 11
+
+# Another way to call functions is with keyword arguments
+add(y=6, x=5)   # Keyword arguments can arrive in any order.
+
+
+# You can define functions that take a variable number of
+# positional args, which will be interpreted as a tuple if you do not use the *
+def varargs(*args):
+    return args
+
+varargs(1, 2, 3)   # => (1, 2, 3)
+
+
+# You can define functions that take a variable number of
+# keyword args, as well, which will be interpreted as a dict if you do not use **
+def keyword_args(**kwargs):
+    return kwargs
+
+# Let's call it to see what happens
+keyword_args(big="foot", loch="ness")   # => {"big": "foot", "loch": "ness"}
+
+
+# You can do both at once, if you like
+def all_the_args(*args, **kwargs):
+    print args
+    print kwargs
+"""
+all_the_args(1, 2, a=3, b=4) prints:
+    (1, 2)
+    {"a": 3, "b": 4}
+"""
+
+# When calling functions, you can do the opposite of args/kwargs!
+# Use * to expand positional args and use ** to expand keyword args.
+args = (1, 2, 3, 4)
+kwargs = {"a": 3, "b": 4}
+all_the_args(*args)   # equivalent to foo(1, 2, 3, 4)
+all_the_args(**kwargs)   # equivalent to foo(a=3, b=4)
+all_the_args(*args, **kwargs)   # equivalent to foo(1, 2, 3, 4, a=3, b=4)
+
+# you can pass args and kwargs along to other functions that take args/kwargs
+# by expanding them with * and ** respectively
+def pass_all_the_args(*args, **kwargs):
+    all_the_args(*args, **kwargs)
+    print varargs(*args)
+    print keyword_args(**kwargs)
+
+# Function Scope
+x = 5
+
+def set_x(num):
+    # Local var x not the same as global variable x
+    x = num # => 43
+    print x # => 43
+
+def set_global_x(num):
+    global x
+    print x # => 5
+    x = num # global var x is now set to 6
+    print x # => 6
+
+set_x(43)
+set_global_x(6)
+
+# Python has first class functions
+def create_adder(x):
+    def adder(y):
+        return x + y
+    return adder
+
+add_10 = create_adder(10)
+add_10(3)   # => 13
+
+# There are also anonymous functions
+(lambda x: x > 2)(3)   # => True
+(lambda x, y: x ** 2 + y ** 2)(2, 1) # => 5
+
+# There are built-in higher order functions
+map(add_10, [1, 2, 3])   # => [11, 12, 13]
+map(max, [1, 2, 3], [4, 2, 1])   # => [4, 2, 3]
+
+filter(lambda x: x > 5, [3, 4, 5, 6, 7])   # => [6, 7]
+
+# We can use list comprehensions for nice maps and filters
+[add_10(i) for i in [1, 2, 3]]  # => [11, 12, 13]
+[x for x in [3, 4, 5, 6, 7] if x > 5]   # => [6, 7]
+
+
+####################################################
+## 5. Classes
+####################################################
+
+# We subclass from object to get a class.
+class Human(object):
+
+    # A class attribute. It is shared by all instances of this class
+    species = "H. sapiens"
+
+    # Basic initializer, this is called when this class is instantiated.
+    # Note that the double leading and trailing underscores denote objects
+    # or attributes that are used by python but that live in user-controlled
+    # namespaces. You should not invent such names on your own.
+    def __init__(self, name):
+        # Assign the argument to the instance's name attribute
+        self.name = name
+
+        # Initialize property
+        self.age = 0
+
+
+    # An instance method. All methods take "self" as the first argument
+    def say(self, msg):
+        return "{0}: {1}".format(self.name, msg)
+
+    # A class method is shared among all instances
+    # They are called with the calling class as the first argument
+    @classmethod
+    def get_species(cls):
+        return cls.species
+
+    # A static method is called without a class or instance reference
+    @staticmethod
+    def grunt():
+        return "*grunt*"
+
+    # A property is just like a getter.
+    # It turns the method age() into an read-only attribute
+    # of the same name.
+    @property
+    def age(self):
+        return self._age
+
+    # This allows the property to be set
+    @age.setter
+    def age(self, age):
+        self._age = age
+
+    # This allows the property to be deleted
+    @age.deleter
+    def age(self):
+        del self._age
+
+
+# Instantiate a class
+i = Human(name="Ian")
+print i.say("hi")     # prints out "Ian: hi"
+
+j = Human("Joel")
+print j.say("hello")  # prints out "Joel: hello"
+
+# Call our class method
+i.get_species()   # => "H. sapiens"
+
+# Change the shared attribute
+Human.species = "H. neanderthalensis"
+i.get_species()   # => "H. neanderthalensis"
+j.get_species()   # => "H. neanderthalensis"
+
+# Call the static method
+Human.grunt()   # => "*grunt*"
+
+# Update the property
+i.age = 42
+
+# Get the property
+i.age # => 42
+
+# Delete the property
+del i.age
+i.age  # => raises an AttributeError
+
+
+####################################################
+## 6. Modules
+####################################################
+
+# You can import modules
+import math
+print math.sqrt(16)  # => 4
+
+# You can get specific functions from a module
+from math import ceil, floor
+print ceil(3.7)  # => 4.0
+print floor(3.7)   # => 3.0
+
+# You can import all functions from a module.
+# Warning: this is not recommended
+from math import *
+
+# You can shorten module names
+import math as m
+math.sqrt(16) == m.sqrt(16)   # => True
+# you can also test that the functions are equivalent
+from math import sqrt
+math.sqrt == m.sqrt == sqrt  # => True
+
+# Python modules are just ordinary python files. You
+# can write your own, and import them. The name of the
+# module is the same as the name of the file.
+
+# You can find out which functions and attributes
+# defines a module.
+import math
+dir(math)
+
+
+####################################################
+## 7. Advanced
+####################################################
+
+# Generators help you make lazy code
+def double_numbers(iterable):
+    for i in iterable:
+        yield i + i
+
+# A generator creates values on the fly.
+# Instead of generating and returning all values at once it creates one in each
+# iteration.  This means values bigger than 15 wont be processed in
+# double_numbers.
+# Note xrange is a generator that does the same thing range does.
+# Creating a list 1-900000000 would take lot of time and space to be made.
+# xrange creates an xrange generator object instead of creating the entire list
+# like range does.
+# We use a trailing underscore in variable names when we want to use a name that
+# would normally collide with a python keyword
+xrange_ = xrange(1, 900000000)
+
+# will double all numbers until a result >=30 found
+for i in double_numbers(xrange_):
+    print i
+    if i >= 30:
+        break
+
+
+# Decorators
+# in this example beg wraps say
+# Beg will call say. If say_please is True then it will change the returned
+# message
+from functools import wraps
+
+
+def beg(target_function):
+    @wraps(target_function)
+    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
+        msg, say_please = target_function(*args, **kwargs)
+        if say_please:
+            return "{} {}".format(msg, "Please! I am poor :(")
+        return msg
+
+    return wrapper
+
+
+@beg
+def say(say_please=False):
+    msg = "Can you buy me a beer?"
+    return msg, say_please
+
+
+print say()  # Can you buy me a beer?
+print say(say_please=True)  # Can you buy me a beer? Please! I am poor :(
+```
+
+## Ready For More?
+
+### Free Online
+
+* [Automate the Boring Stuff with Python](https://automatetheboringstuff.com)
+* [Learn Python The Hard Way](http://learnpythonthehardway.org/book/)
+* [Dive Into Python](http://www.diveintopython.net/)
+* [The Official Docs](http://docs.python.org/2/)
+* [Hitchhiker's Guide to Python](http://docs.python-guide.org/en/latest/)
+* [Python Module of the Week](http://pymotw.com/2/)
+* [A Crash Course in Python for Scientists](http://nbviewer.ipython.org/5920182)
+* [First Steps With Python](https://realpython.com/learn/python-first-steps/)
+
+### Dead Tree
+
+* [Programming Python](http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0596158106/ref=as_li_qf_sp_asin_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0596158106&linkCode=as2&tag=homebits04-20)
+* [Dive Into Python](http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1441413022/ref=as_li_tf_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=1441413022&linkCode=as2&tag=homebits04-20)
+* [Python Essential Reference](http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0672329786/ref=as_li_tf_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0672329786&linkCode=as2&tag=homebits04-20)
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 09cd1ab461ad8b560824f687cc818d7708aea427 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hinet60613 <hinet60613@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 2 Nov 2015 00:40:41 +0800
Subject: Add lang of translation. Translate to Line 255

---
 zh-tw/python-tw.html.markdown | 129 +++++++++++++++++++++---------------------
 1 file changed, 65 insertions(+), 64 deletions(-)

(limited to 'zh-tw/python-tw.html.markdown')

diff --git a/zh-tw/python-tw.html.markdown b/zh-tw/python-tw.html.markdown
index 8381f325..8e9ca79a 100644
--- a/zh-tw/python-tw.html.markdown
+++ b/zh-tw/python-tw.html.markdown
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ contributors:
 translators:
     - ["Michael Yeh", "https://github.com/hinet60613"]
 filename: learnpython.py
+lang: zh-tw
 ---
 
 Python是在1990年代早期由Guido Van Rossum創建的。它是現在最流行的程式語言之一。我愛上Python是因為他極為清晰的語法，甚至可以說它就是可執行的虛擬碼。
@@ -142,115 +143,115 @@ None  # => None
 "etc" is None  # => False
 None is None  # => True
 
-# The 'is' operator tests for object identity. This isn't
-# very useful when dealing with primitive values, but is
-# very useful when dealing with objects.
-
-# Any object can be used in a Boolean context.
-# The following values are considered falsey:
-#    - None
-#    - zero of any numeric type (e.g., 0, 0L, 0.0, 0j)
-#    - empty sequences (e.g., '', (), [])
-#    - empty containers (e.g., {}, set())
-#    - instances of user-defined classes meeting certain conditions
-#      see: https://docs.python.org/2/reference/datamodel.html#object.__nonzero__
+# 'is' 運算元是用來識別物件的。對原始型別來說或許沒什麼用，
+# 但對物件來說是很有用的。
+
+# 任何物件都可以被當作布林值使用
+# 以下的值會被視為是False :
+#    - 無(None)
+#    - 任何型別的零 (例如: 0, 0L, 0.0, 0j)
+#    - 空序列 (例如: '', (), [])
+#    - 空容器 (例如: {}, set())
+#    - 自定義型別的實體，且滿足某些條件
+#      請參考文件: https://docs.python.org/2/reference/datamodel.html#object.__nonzero__
 #
-# All other values are truthy (using the bool() function on them returns True).
+# 其餘的值都會被視為True (用bool()函式讓他們回傳布林值).
 bool(0)  # => False
 bool("")  # => False
 
 
 ####################################################
-## 2. Variables and Collections
+## 2. 變數與集合
 ####################################################
 
-# Python has a print statement
+# Python的輸出很方便
 print "I'm Python. Nice to meet you!" # => I'm Python. Nice to meet you!
 
-# Simple way to get input data from console
-input_string_var = raw_input("Enter some data: ") # Returns the data as a string
-input_var = input("Enter some data: ") # Evaluates the data as python code
-# Warning: Caution is recommended for input() method usage
-# Note: In python 3, input() is deprecated and raw_input() is renamed to input()
+# 從命令列獲得值也很方便
+input_string_var = raw_input("Enter some data: ") # 資料會被視為字串存進變數
+input_var = input("Enter some data: ") # 輸入的資料會被當作Python程式碼執行
+# 注意: 請謹慎使用input()函式
+# 註: 在Python 3中，input()已被棄用，raw_input()已被更名為input()
 
-# No need to declare variables before assigning to them.
-some_var = 5    # Convention is to use lower_case_with_underscores
+# 使用變數前不需要先宣告
+some_var = 5    # 方便好用
+lower_case_with_underscores
 some_var  # => 5
 
-# Accessing a previously unassigned variable is an exception.
-# See Control Flow to learn more about exception handling.
-some_other_var  # Raises a name error
+# 存取沒有被賦值的變數會造成例外
+# 請參考錯誤流程部分做例外處理
+some_other_var  # 造成 NameError
 
-# if can be used as an expression
-# Equivalent of C's '?:' ternary operator
+# if可以當判斷式使用
+# 相當於C語言中的二元判斷式
 "yahoo!" if 3 > 2 else 2  # => "yahoo!"
 
-# Lists store sequences
+# 串列型態可以儲存集合
 li = []
-# You can start with a prefilled list
+# 你可以預先填好串列內容
 other_li = [4, 5, 6]
 
-# Add stuff to the end of a list with append
-li.append(1)    # li is now [1]
-li.append(2)    # li is now [1, 2]
-li.append(4)    # li is now [1, 2, 4]
-li.append(3)    # li is now [1, 2, 4, 3]
-# Remove from the end with pop
+# 用append()在串列後新增東西 append
+li.append(1)    # 此時 li 內容為 [1]
+li.append(2)    # 此時 li 內容為 [1, 2]
+li.append(4)    # 此時 li 內容為 [1, 2, 4]
+li.append(3)    # 此時 li 內容為 [1, 2, 4, 3]
+# 用pop()移除串列尾端的元素
 li.pop()        # => 3 and li is now [1, 2, 4]
-# Let's put it back
+# 然後再塞回去
 li.append(3)    # li is now [1, 2, 4, 3] again.
 
-# Access a list like you would any array
+# 你可以像存取陣列一樣的存取串列
 li[0]  # => 1
-# Assign new values to indexes that have already been initialized with =
+# 用等號 = 給串列中特定索引的元素賦值
 li[0] = 42
 li[0]  # => 42
-li[0] = 1  # Note: setting it back to the original value
-# Look at the last element
+li[0] = 1  # 註: 將其設定回原本的值
+# 用 -1 索引值查看串列最後一個元素
 li[-1]  # => 3
 
-# Looking out of bounds is an IndexError
+# 存取超過範圍會產生IndexError
 li[4]  # Raises an IndexError
 
-# You can look at ranges with slice syntax.
-# (It's a closed/open range for you mathy types.)
+# 你可以用切片語法來存取特定範圍的值
+# (相當於數學中的左閉右開區間，即包含最左邊界，但不包含右邊界)
 li[1:3]  # => [2, 4]
-# Omit the beginning
+# 略過開頭元素
 li[2:]  # => [4, 3]
-# Omit the end
+# 略過結尾元素
 li[:3]  # => [1, 2, 4]
-# Select every second entry
+# 每隔兩個元素取值
 li[::2]   # =>[1, 4]
-# Reverse a copy of the list
+# 串列反轉
 li[::-1]   # => [3, 4, 2, 1]
-# Use any combination of these to make advanced slices
-# li[start:end:step]
+# 你可以任意組合來達到你想要的效果
+# li[開始索引:結束索引:間隔]
 
-# Remove arbitrary elements from a list with "del"
-del li[2]   # li is now [1, 2, 3]
+# 用 "del" 從串列中移除任意元素
+del li[2]   # 現在 li 內容為 [1, 2, 3]
 
-# You can add lists
+# 你可以做串列相加
 li + other_li   # => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
-# Note: values for li and for other_li are not modified.
+# 註: li 及 other_li 沒有被更動
 
-# Concatenate lists with "extend()"
-li.extend(other_li)   # Now li is [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
+# 用 "extend()" 做串列串接
+li.extend(other_li)   # 現在 li 內容為 [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
 
-# Remove first occurrence of a value
-li.remove(2)  # li is now [1, 3, 4, 5, 6]
-li.remove(2)  # Raises a ValueError as 2 is not in the list
+# 移除特定值的第一次出現
+li.remove(2)  # 現在 li 內容為 [1, 3, 4, 5, 6]
+li.remove(2)  # 2 不在串列中，造成 ValueError
 
-# Insert an element at a specific index
-li.insert(1, 2)  # li is now [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] again
+# 在特定位置插入值
+li.insert(1, 2)  # 現在 li 內容再次回復為 [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
 
-# Get the index of the first item found
+# 取得特定值在串列中第一次出現的位置
 li.index(2)  # => 1
-li.index(7)  # Raises a ValueError as 7 is not in the list
+li.index(7)  # 7 不在串列中，造成 ValueError
 
-# Check for existence in a list with "in"
+# 用 "in" 檢查特定值是否出現在串列中
 1 in li   # => True
 
-# Examine the length with "len()"
+# 用 "len()" 取得串列長度
 len(li)   # => 6
 
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 6c9bf0dc5bccf644439346763f36b047a898a694 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hinet60613 <hinet60613@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 2 Nov 2015 02:06:40 +0800
Subject: Translate to Sec. 4 finished.

---
 zh-tw/python-tw.html.markdown | 197 +++++++++++++++++++++---------------------
 1 file changed, 100 insertions(+), 97 deletions(-)

(limited to 'zh-tw/python-tw.html.markdown')

diff --git a/zh-tw/python-tw.html.markdown b/zh-tw/python-tw.html.markdown
index 8e9ca79a..073c5e91 100644
--- a/zh-tw/python-tw.html.markdown
+++ b/zh-tw/python-tw.html.markdown
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ contributors:
     - ["Andre Polykanine", "https://github.com/Oire"]
     - ["evuez", "http://github.com/evuez"]
 translators:
-    - ["Michael Yeh", "https://github.com/hinet60613"]
+    - ["Michael Yeh", "https://hinet60613.github.io/"]
 filename: learnpython.py
 lang: zh-tw
 ---
@@ -255,137 +255,139 @@ li.index(7)  # 7 不在串列中，造成 ValueError
 len(li)   # => 6
 
 
-# Tuples are like lists but are immutable.
+# 元組(Tuple，以下仍用原文)類似於串列，但是它是不可改變的
 tup = (1, 2, 3)
 tup[0]   # => 1
-tup[0] = 3  # Raises a TypeError
+tup[0] = 3  # 產生TypeError
 
-# You can do all those list thingies on tuples too
+# 能對串列做的東西都可以對tuple做
 len(tup)   # => 3
 tup + (4, 5, 6)   # => (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
 tup[:2]   # => (1, 2)
 2 in tup   # => True
 
-# You can unpack tuples (or lists) into variables
-a, b, c = (1, 2, 3)     # a is now 1, b is now 2 and c is now 3
-d, e, f = 4, 5, 6       # you can leave out the parentheses
-# Tuples are created by default if you leave out the parentheses
+# 你可以把tuple拆開並分別將值存入不同變數
+a, b, c = (1, 2, 3)     # a 現在是 1, b 現在是 2, c 現在是 3
+d, e, f = 4, 5, 6       # 也可以不寫括號
+# 如果不加括號，預設會產生tuple
 g = 4, 5, 6             # => (4, 5, 6)
-# Now look how easy it is to swap two values
+# 你看，交換兩個值很簡單吧
 e, d = d, e     # d is now 5 and e is now 4
 
 
-# Dictionaries store mappings
+# 字典(Dictionary)用來儲存映射關係
 empty_dict = {}
-# Here is a prefilled dictionary
+# 你可以對字典做初始化
 filled_dict = {"one": 1, "two": 2, "three": 3}
 
-# Look up values with []
+# 用 [] 取值
 filled_dict["one"]   # => 1
 
-# Get all keys as a list with "keys()"
+# 用 "keys()" 將所有的Key輸出到一個List中
 filled_dict.keys()   # => ["three", "two", "one"]
-# Note - Dictionary key ordering is not guaranteed.
-# Your results might not match this exactly.
+# 註: 字典裡key的排序是不固定的
+# 你的執行結果可能與上面不同
+# 譯註: 只能保證所有的key都有出現，但不保證順序
 
-# Get all values as a list with "values()"
+# 用 "valuess()" 將所有的Value輸出到一個List中
 filled_dict.values()   # => [3, 2, 1]
-# Note - Same as above regarding key ordering.
+# 註: 同上，不保證順序
 
-# Check for existence of keys in a dictionary with "in"
+# 用 "in" 來檢查指定的Key是否在字典中
 "one" in filled_dict   # => True
 1 in filled_dict   # => False
 
-# Looking up a non-existing key is a KeyError
+# 查詢不存在的Key會造成KeyError
 filled_dict["four"]   # KeyError
 
-# Use "get()" method to avoid the KeyError
+# 用 "get()" 來避免KeyError
+# 若指定的Key不存在的話會得到None
 filled_dict.get("one")   # => 1
 filled_dict.get("four")   # => None
-# The get method supports a default argument when the value is missing
+# "get()" 函式支援預設值，當找不到指定的值時，會回傳指定的預設值
 filled_dict.get("one", 4)   # => 1
 filled_dict.get("four", 4)   # => 4
-# note that filled_dict.get("four") is still => None
-# (get doesn't set the value in the dictionary)
+# 注意此時 filled_dict.get("four") 仍然為 None
+# (get()此時並沒有產生出任何的值)
 
-# set the value of a key with a syntax similar to lists
-filled_dict["four"] = 4  # now, filled_dict["four"] => 4
+# 像操作list一樣，對指定的Key賦值
+filled_dict["four"] = 4  # 此時 filled_dict["four"] => 4
 
-# "setdefault()" inserts into a dictionary only if the given key isn't present
-filled_dict.setdefault("five", 5)  # filled_dict["five"] is set to 5
-filled_dict.setdefault("five", 6)  # filled_dict["five"] is still 5
+# "setdefault()" 只在指定的Key不存在時才會將值插入dictionary
+filled_dict.setdefault("five", 5)  # filled_dict["five"] 被指定為 5
+filled_dict.setdefault("five", 6)  # filled_dict["five"] 仍保持 5
 
 
-# Sets store ... well sets (which are like lists but can contain no duplicates)
+# 集合(Set)被用來儲存...集合。
+# 跟串列(List)有點像，但集合內不會有重複的元素
 empty_set = set()
-# Initialize a "set()" with a bunch of values
-some_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 4])   # some_set is now set([1, 2, 3, 4])
+# 初始化 "set()" 並給定一些值
+some_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 4])   # 現在 some_set 為 set([1, 2, 3, 4])，注意重複的元素只有一個會被存入
 
-# order is not guaranteed, even though it may sometimes look sorted
-another_set = set([4, 3, 2, 2, 1])  # another_set is now set([1, 2, 3, 4])
+# 一樣，不保證順序，就算真的有照順序排也只是你運氣好
+another_set = set([4, 3, 2, 2, 1])  # another_set 現在為 set([1, 2, 3, 4])
 
-# Since Python 2.7, {} can be used to declare a set
+# 從 Python 2.7 開始，可以使用大括號 {} 來宣告Set
 filled_set = {1, 2, 2, 3, 4}   # => {1, 2, 3, 4}
 
-# Add more items to a set
+# 加入更多元素進入Set
 filled_set.add(5)   # filled_set is now {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
 
-# Do set intersection with &
+# 用 & 來對兩個集合取交集
 other_set = {3, 4, 5, 6}
 filled_set & other_set   # => {3, 4, 5}
 
-# Do set union with |
+# 用 | 來對兩個集合取聯集
 filled_set | other_set   # => {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
 
-# Do set difference with -
+# 用 - 來將第二個集合內有的元素移出第一個集合
 {1, 2, 3, 4} - {2, 3, 5}   # => {1, 4}
 
-# Do set symmetric difference with ^
+# 用 ^ 來對兩個集合取差集
 {1, 2, 3, 4} ^ {2, 3, 5}  # => {1, 4, 5}
 
-# Check if set on the left is a superset of set on the right
+# 檢查左邊是否為右邊的母集
 {1, 2} >= {1, 2, 3} # => False
 
-# Check if set on the left is a subset of set on the right
+# 檢查左邊是否為右邊的子集
 {1, 2} <= {1, 2, 3} # => True
 
-# Check for existence in a set with in
+# 用 in 來檢查某元素是否存在於集合內
 2 in filled_set   # => True
 10 in filled_set   # => False
 
 
 ####################################################
-## 3. Control Flow
+## 3. 控制流程
 ####################################################
 
-# Let's just make a variable
+# 首先，先宣告一個變數
 some_var = 5
 
-# Here is an if statement. Indentation is significant in python!
-# prints "some_var is smaller than 10"
+# 這邊是 if 判斷式。注意，縮排對Python是很重要的。
+# 下面應該會印出 "some_var is smaller than 10"
 if some_var > 10:
     print "some_var is totally bigger than 10."
-elif some_var < 10:    # This elif clause is optional.
+elif some_var < 10:    # elif 可有可無
     print "some_var is smaller than 10."
-else:           # This is optional too.
+else:           # else 也可有可無
     print "some_var is indeed 10."
 
 
 """
-For loops iterate over lists
-prints:
+For 迴圈會遞迴整的List
+下面的程式碼會輸出:
     dog is a mammal
     cat is a mammal
     mouse is a mammal
 """
 for animal in ["dog", "cat", "mouse"]:
-    # You can use {0} to interpolate formatted strings. (See above.)
+    # 你可以用{0}來組合0出格式化字串 (見上面.)
     print "{0} is a mammal".format(animal)
 
 """
-"range(number)" returns a list of numbers
-from zero to the given number
-prints:
+"range(number)" 回傳一個包含從0到給定值的數字List，
+下面的程式碼會輸出:
     0
     1
     2
@@ -395,9 +397,9 @@ for i in range(4):
     print i
 
 """
-"range(lower, upper)" returns a list of numbers
-from the lower number to the upper number
-prints:
+"range(lower, upper)" 回傳一個包含從給定的下限
+到給定的上限的數字List
+下面的程式碼會輸出:
     4
     5
     6
@@ -407,8 +409,8 @@ for i in range(4, 8):
     print i
 
 """
-While loops go until a condition is no longer met.
-prints:
+While迴圈會執行到條件不成立為止
+下面的程式碼會輸出:
     0
     1
     2
@@ -417,62 +419,62 @@ prints:
 x = 0
 while x < 4:
     print x
-    x += 1  # Shorthand for x = x + 1
+    x += 1  # x = x + 1 的簡寫
 
-# Handle exceptions with a try/except block
+# 用try/except處理例外
 
-# Works on Python 2.6 and up:
+# 適用Python 2.6及以上版本
 try:
-    # Use "raise" to raise an error
+    # 用 "raise" 來發起例外
     raise IndexError("This is an index error")
 except IndexError as e:
-    pass    # Pass is just a no-op. Usually you would do recovery here.
+    pass    # 毫無反應，就只是個什麼都沒做的pass。通常這邊會讓你做對例外的處理
 except (TypeError, NameError):
-    pass    # Multiple exceptions can be handled together, if required.
-else:   # Optional clause to the try/except block. Must follow all except blocks
-    print "All good!"   # Runs only if the code in try raises no exceptions
-finally: #  Execute under all circumstances
+    pass    # 有需要的話，多種例外可以一起處理
+else:   # else 可有可無，但必須寫在所有的except後
+    print "All good!"   # 只有在try的時候沒有產生任何except才會被執行
+finally: # 不管什麼情況下一定會被執行
     print "We can clean up resources here"
 
-# Instead of try/finally to cleanup resources you can use a with statement
+# 除了try/finally以外，你可以用 with 來簡單的處理清理動作
 with open("myfile.txt") as f:
     for line in f:
         print line
 
 ####################################################
-## 4. Functions
+## 4. 函式
 ####################################################
 
-# Use "def" to create new functions
+# 用 "def" 來建立新函式
 def add(x, y):
     print "x is {0} and y is {1}".format(x, y)
-    return x + y    # Return values with a return statement
+    return x + y    # 用 "return" 來回傳值
 
-# Calling functions with parameters
-add(5, 6)   # => prints out "x is 5 and y is 6" and returns 11
+# 用參數來呼叫韓式
+add(5, 6)   # => 輸出 "x is 5 and y is 6" 並回傳 11
 
-# Another way to call functions is with keyword arguments
-add(y=6, x=5)   # Keyword arguments can arrive in any order.
+# 你也可以寫上參數名稱來呼叫函式
+add(y=6, x=5)   # 這種狀況下，兩個參數的順序並不影響執行
 
 
-# You can define functions that take a variable number of
-# positional args, which will be interpreted as a tuple if you do not use the *
+# 你可以定義接受多個變數的函式，這些變數是按照順序排序的
+# 如果不加*的話會被解讀為tuple
 def varargs(*args):
     return args
 
 varargs(1, 2, 3)   # => (1, 2, 3)
 
 
-# You can define functions that take a variable number of
-# keyword args, as well, which will be interpreted as a dict if you do not use **
+# 你可以定義接受多個變數的函式，這些變數是按照keyword排序的
+# 如果不加**的話會被解讀為dictionary
 def keyword_args(**kwargs):
     return kwargs
 
-# Let's call it to see what happens
+# 呼叫看看會發生什麼事吧
 keyword_args(big="foot", loch="ness")   # => {"big": "foot", "loch": "ness"}
 
 
-# You can do both at once, if you like
+# 如果你想要，你也可以兩個同時用
 def all_the_args(*args, **kwargs):
     print args
     print kwargs
@@ -482,39 +484,40 @@ all_the_args(1, 2, a=3, b=4) prints:
     {"a": 3, "b": 4}
 """
 
-# When calling functions, you can do the opposite of args/kwargs!
-# Use * to expand positional args and use ** to expand keyword args.
+# 呼叫函式時，你可以做反向的操作
+# 用 * 將變數展開為順序排序的變數
+# 用 ** 將變數展開為Keyword排序的變數
 args = (1, 2, 3, 4)
 kwargs = {"a": 3, "b": 4}
-all_the_args(*args)   # equivalent to foo(1, 2, 3, 4)
-all_the_args(**kwargs)   # equivalent to foo(a=3, b=4)
-all_the_args(*args, **kwargs)   # equivalent to foo(1, 2, 3, 4, a=3, b=4)
+all_the_args(*args)   # 等同於 foo(1, 2, 3, 4)
+all_the_args(**kwargs)   # 等同於 foo(a=3, b=4)
+all_the_args(*args, **kwargs)   # 等同於 foo(1, 2, 3, 4, a=3, b=4)
 
-# you can pass args and kwargs along to other functions that take args/kwargs
-# by expanding them with * and ** respectively
+# 你可以把args跟kwargs傳到下一個函式內
+# 分別用 * 跟 ** 將它展開就可以了
 def pass_all_the_args(*args, **kwargs):
     all_the_args(*args, **kwargs)
     print varargs(*args)
     print keyword_args(**kwargs)
 
-# Function Scope
+# 函式範圍
 x = 5
 
 def set_x(num):
-    # Local var x not the same as global variable x
+    # 區域變數 x 和全域變數 x 不是同一個東西
     x = num # => 43
     print x # => 43
 
 def set_global_x(num):
     global x
     print x # => 5
-    x = num # global var x is now set to 6
+    x = num # 全域變數 x 在set_global_x(6)被設定為 6 
     print x # => 6
 
 set_x(43)
 set_global_x(6)
 
-# Python has first class functions
+# Python有一級函式
 def create_adder(x):
     def adder(y):
         return x + y
@@ -523,23 +526,23 @@ def create_adder(x):
 add_10 = create_adder(10)
 add_10(3)   # => 13
 
-# There are also anonymous functions
+# 也有匿名函式
 (lambda x: x > 2)(3)   # => True
 (lambda x, y: x ** 2 + y ** 2)(2, 1) # => 5
 
-# There are built-in higher order functions
+# 還有內建的高階函式
 map(add_10, [1, 2, 3])   # => [11, 12, 13]
 map(max, [1, 2, 3], [4, 2, 1])   # => [4, 2, 3]
 
 filter(lambda x: x > 5, [3, 4, 5, 6, 7])   # => [6, 7]
 
-# We can use list comprehensions for nice maps and filters
+# 我們可以用List列表的方式對map和filter等高階函式做更有趣的應用
 [add_10(i) for i in [1, 2, 3]]  # => [11, 12, 13]
 [x for x in [3, 4, 5, 6, 7] if x > 5]   # => [6, 7]
 
 
 ####################################################
-## 5. Classes
+## 5. 類別
 ####################################################
 
 # We subclass from object to get a class.
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From e2b93f579cbcbb58612081b46f4460cd0255edb3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hinet60613 <hinet60613@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 2 Nov 2015 02:18:21 +0800
Subject: Finish translation of Sec. 6

---
 zh-tw/python-tw.html.markdown | 44 +++++++++++++++++++++----------------------
 1 file changed, 22 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

(limited to 'zh-tw/python-tw.html.markdown')

diff --git a/zh-tw/python-tw.html.markdown b/zh-tw/python-tw.html.markdown
index 073c5e91..d113f90c 100644
--- a/zh-tw/python-tw.html.markdown
+++ b/zh-tw/python-tw.html.markdown
@@ -545,25 +545,25 @@ filter(lambda x: x > 5, [3, 4, 5, 6, 7])   # => [6, 7]
 ## 5. 類別
 ####################################################
 
-# We subclass from object to get a class.
+# 我們可以由object繼承出一個新的類別
 class Human(object):
 
-    # A class attribute. It is shared by all instances of this class
+    # 類別的參數，被所有這個類別的實體所共用
     species = "H. sapiens"
 
-    # Basic initializer, this is called when this class is instantiated.
-    # Note that the double leading and trailing underscores denote objects
-    # or attributes that are used by python but that live in user-controlled
-    # namespaces. You should not invent such names on your own.
+    # 基礎建構函式，當class被實體化的時候會被呼叫
+    # 注意前後的雙底線代表物件
+    # 還有被python用，但實際上是在使用者控制的命名
+    # 空間內的參數。你不應該自己宣告這樣的名稱。
     def __init__(self, name):
-        # Assign the argument to the instance's name attribute
+        # 將函式引入的參數 name 指定給實體的 name 參數
         self.name = name
 
-        # Initialize property
+        # 初始化屬性
         self.age = 0
 
 
-    # An instance method. All methods take "self" as the first argument
+    # 一個實體的方法(method)。 所有的method都以self為第一個參數
     def say(self, msg):
         return "{0}: {1}".format(self.name, msg)
 
@@ -626,41 +626,41 @@ i.age  # => raises an AttributeError
 
 
 ####################################################
-## 6. Modules
+## 6. 模組
 ####################################################
 
-# You can import modules
+# 你可以引入模組來做使用
 import math
 print math.sqrt(16)  # => 4
+                     # math.sqrt()為取根號
 
-# You can get specific functions from a module
+# 你可以只從模組取出特定幾個函式
 from math import ceil, floor
 print ceil(3.7)  # => 4.0
 print floor(3.7)   # => 3.0
 
-# You can import all functions from a module.
-# Warning: this is not recommended
+# 你可以將所有的函式從模組中引入
+# 注意：不建議這麼做
 from math import *
 
-# You can shorten module names
+# 你可以用 as 簡寫模組名稱
 import math as m
 math.sqrt(16) == m.sqrt(16)   # => True
-# you can also test that the functions are equivalent
+# 你也可以測試函示是否相等
 from math import sqrt
 math.sqrt == m.sqrt == sqrt  # => True
 
-# Python modules are just ordinary python files. You
-# can write your own, and import them. The name of the
-# module is the same as the name of the file.
+# Python的模組就只是一般的Python檔。
+# 你可以自己的模組自己寫、自己的模組自己引入
+# 模組的名稱和檔案名稱一樣
 
-# You can find out which functions and attributes
-# defines a module.
+# 你可以用dir()來查看有哪些可用函式和屬性
 import math
 dir(math)
 
 
 ####################################################
-## 7. Advanced
+## 7. 進階
 ####################################################
 
 # Generators help you make lazy code
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 3544a43d117d7b63de2c3443250270d92d00dce9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hinet60613 <hinet60613@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 2 Nov 2015 02:27:42 +0800
Subject: Finish Sec. 7 translation.

---
 zh-tw/python-tw.html.markdown | 34 +++++++++++++++-------------------
 1 file changed, 15 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)

(limited to 'zh-tw/python-tw.html.markdown')

diff --git a/zh-tw/python-tw.html.markdown b/zh-tw/python-tw.html.markdown
index d113f90c..797fc6ed 100644
--- a/zh-tw/python-tw.html.markdown
+++ b/zh-tw/python-tw.html.markdown
@@ -663,34 +663,30 @@ dir(math)
 ## 7. 進階
 ####################################################
 
-# Generators help you make lazy code
+# 產生器(Generator)可以讓你寫更懶惰的程式碼
 def double_numbers(iterable):
     for i in iterable:
         yield i + i
 
-# A generator creates values on the fly.
-# Instead of generating and returning all values at once it creates one in each
-# iteration.  This means values bigger than 15 wont be processed in
-# double_numbers.
-# Note xrange is a generator that does the same thing range does.
-# Creating a list 1-900000000 would take lot of time and space to be made.
-# xrange creates an xrange generator object instead of creating the entire list
-# like range does.
-# We use a trailing underscore in variable names when we want to use a name that
-# would normally collide with a python keyword
+# 產生器可以讓你即時的產生值
+# 不是全部產生完之後再一次回傳，產生器會在每一個遞迴時
+# 產生值。 這也意味著大於15的值不會在double_numbers中產生。
+# 這邊，xrange()做的事情和range()一樣
+# 建立一個 1-900000000 的List會消耗很多時間和記憶體空間
+# xrange() 建立一個產生器物件，而不是如range()建立整個List
+# 我們用底線來避免可能和python的關鍵字重複的名稱
 xrange_ = xrange(1, 900000000)
 
-# will double all numbers until a result >=30 found
+# 下面的程式碼會把所有的值乘以兩倍，直到出現大於30的值
 for i in double_numbers(xrange_):
     print i
     if i >= 30:
         break
 
 
-# Decorators
-# in this example beg wraps say
-# Beg will call say. If say_please is True then it will change the returned
-# message
+# 裝飾子
+# 在這個範例中，beg會綁在say上
+# Beg會呼叫say。 如果say_please為True的話，它會更改回傳的訊息
 from functools import wraps
 
 
@@ -715,9 +711,9 @@ print say()  # Can you buy me a beer?
 print say(say_please=True)  # Can you buy me a beer? Please! I am poor :(
 ```
 
-## Ready For More?
+## 準備好學更多了嗎?
 
-### Free Online
+### 線上免費資源
 
 * [Automate the Boring Stuff with Python](https://automatetheboringstuff.com)
 * [Learn Python The Hard Way](http://learnpythonthehardway.org/book/)
@@ -728,7 +724,7 @@ print say(say_please=True)  # Can you buy me a beer? Please! I am poor :(
 * [A Crash Course in Python for Scientists](http://nbviewer.ipython.org/5920182)
 * [First Steps With Python](https://realpython.com/learn/python-first-steps/)
 
-### Dead Tree
+### 或買本書?
 
 * [Programming Python](http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0596158106/ref=as_li_qf_sp_asin_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0596158106&linkCode=as2&tag=homebits04-20)
 * [Dive Into Python](http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1441413022/ref=as_li_tf_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=1441413022&linkCode=as2&tag=homebits04-20)
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 2ecf370ce4e8b6644863e92652f9b63717ab3e6e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hinet60613 <hinet60613@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 2 Nov 2015 02:32:25 +0800
Subject: Sec. 6 translated. All sections translated. Hooray.

---
 zh-tw/python-tw.html.markdown | 29 ++++++++++++++---------------
 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

(limited to 'zh-tw/python-tw.html.markdown')

diff --git a/zh-tw/python-tw.html.markdown b/zh-tw/python-tw.html.markdown
index 797fc6ed..10b4669c 100644
--- a/zh-tw/python-tw.html.markdown
+++ b/zh-tw/python-tw.html.markdown
@@ -567,60 +567,59 @@ class Human(object):
     def say(self, msg):
         return "{0}: {1}".format(self.name, msg)
 
-    # A class method is shared among all instances
-    # They are called with the calling class as the first argument
+    # 一個類別方法會被所有的實體所共用
+    # 他們會以類別為第一參數的方式被呼叫
     @classmethod
     def get_species(cls):
         return cls.species
 
-    # A static method is called without a class or instance reference
+    # 靜態方法
     @staticmethod
     def grunt():
         return "*grunt*"
 
-    # A property is just like a getter.
-    # It turns the method age() into an read-only attribute
-    # of the same name.
+    # 屬性就像是用getter取值一樣
+    # 它將方法 age() 轉為同名的、只能讀取的屬性
     @property
     def age(self):
         return self._age
 
-    # This allows the property to be set
+    # 這樣寫的話可以讓屬性被寫入新的值
     @age.setter
     def age(self, age):
         self._age = age
 
-    # This allows the property to be deleted
+    # 這樣寫的話允許屬性被刪除
     @age.deleter
     def age(self):
         del self._age
 
 
-# Instantiate a class
+# 將類別實體化
 i = Human(name="Ian")
 print i.say("hi")     # prints out "Ian: hi"
 
 j = Human("Joel")
 print j.say("hello")  # prints out "Joel: hello"
 
-# Call our class method
+# 呼叫類別方法
 i.get_species()   # => "H. sapiens"
 
-# Change the shared attribute
+# 更改共用的屬性
 Human.species = "H. neanderthalensis"
 i.get_species()   # => "H. neanderthalensis"
 j.get_species()   # => "H. neanderthalensis"
 
-# Call the static method
+# 呼叫靜態方法
 Human.grunt()   # => "*grunt*"
 
-# Update the property
+# 更新屬性
 i.age = 42
 
-# Get the property
+# 取得屬性
 i.age # => 42
 
-# Delete the property
+# 移除屬性
 del i.age
 i.age  # => raises an AttributeError
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From a25d4db0bcfb9325f69f68a2532df6fd88f4e78d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: rainjay <RainJay0117@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 3 Nov 2015 11:09:19 +0800
Subject: fix typo

---
 zh-tw/python-tw.html.markdown | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'zh-tw/python-tw.html.markdown')

diff --git a/zh-tw/python-tw.html.markdown b/zh-tw/python-tw.html.markdown
index 10b4669c..c4706c43 100644
--- a/zh-tw/python-tw.html.markdown
+++ b/zh-tw/python-tw.html.markdown
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ def add(x, y):
     print "x is {0} and y is {1}".format(x, y)
     return x + y    # 用 "return" 來回傳值
 
-# 用參數來呼叫韓式
+# 用參數來呼叫函式
 add(5, 6)   # => 輸出 "x is 5 and y is 6" 並回傳 11
 
 # 你也可以寫上參數名稱來呼叫函式
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 73fbc7f75512ac61493e4f82f0fc5108229124f3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hinet60613 <hinet60613@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 6 Dec 2015 00:00:07 +0800
Subject: Rename file by adding -tw suffix.

---
 zh-tw/python-tw.html.markdown | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

(limited to 'zh-tw/python-tw.html.markdown')

diff --git a/zh-tw/python-tw.html.markdown b/zh-tw/python-tw.html.markdown
index c4706c43..472b39ab 100644
--- a/zh-tw/python-tw.html.markdown
+++ b/zh-tw/python-tw.html.markdown
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ contributors:
     - ["evuez", "http://github.com/evuez"]
 translators:
     - ["Michael Yeh", "https://hinet60613.github.io/"]
-filename: learnpython.py
+filename: learnpython-tw.py
 lang: zh-tw
 ---
 
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From b19714080a8ac76c027851e9b4c80372def81f7b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hinet60613 <hinet60613@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 17 Dec 2015 01:48:19 +0800
Subject: Fix some typo and non-fluency.

---
 zh-tw/python-tw.html.markdown | 23 +++++++++++------------
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

(limited to 'zh-tw/python-tw.html.markdown')

diff --git a/zh-tw/python-tw.html.markdown b/zh-tw/python-tw.html.markdown
index 472b39ab..f8602769 100644
--- a/zh-tw/python-tw.html.markdown
+++ b/zh-tw/python-tw.html.markdown
@@ -69,11 +69,11 @@ from __future__ import division
 # 指數 (x的y次方)
 2**4 # => 16
 
-# 括號即先乘除後加減
+# 用括號改變運算順序
 (1 + 3) * 2  # => 8
 
 # 布林運算
-# 注意 "and" 和 "or" 的大小寫
+# 注意 "and" 和 "or" 要用小寫
 True and False #=> False
 False or True #=> True
 
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ some_var = 5    # 方便好用
 lower_case_with_underscores
 some_var  # => 5
 
-# 存取沒有被賦值的變數會造成例外
+# 對沒有被賦值的變數取值會造成例外
 # 請參考錯誤流程部分做例外處理
 some_other_var  # 造成 NameError
 
@@ -191,15 +191,15 @@ li = []
 # 你可以預先填好串列內容
 other_li = [4, 5, 6]
 
-# 用append()在串列後新增東西 append
+# 用append()在串列後新增東西
 li.append(1)    # 此時 li 內容為 [1]
 li.append(2)    # 此時 li 內容為 [1, 2]
 li.append(4)    # 此時 li 內容為 [1, 2, 4]
 li.append(3)    # 此時 li 內容為 [1, 2, 4, 3]
 # 用pop()移除串列尾端的元素
-li.pop()        # => 3 and li is now [1, 2, 4]
+li.pop()        # => 3 ，此時 li 內容為 [1, 2, 4]
 # 然後再塞回去
-li.append(3)    # li is now [1, 2, 4, 3] again.
+li.append(3)    # 此時 li 內容再次為 [1, 2, 4, 3]
 
 # 你可以像存取陣列一樣的存取串列
 li[0]  # => 1
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ d, e, f = 4, 5, 6       # 也可以不寫括號
 # 如果不加括號，預設會產生tuple
 g = 4, 5, 6             # => (4, 5, 6)
 # 你看，交換兩個值很簡單吧
-e, d = d, e     # d is now 5 and e is now 4
+e, d = d, e     # 此時 d 的值為 5 且 e 的值為 4
 
 
 # 字典(Dictionary)用來儲存映射關係
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ filled_dict.keys()   # => ["three", "two", "one"]
 # 你的執行結果可能與上面不同
 # 譯註: 只能保證所有的key都有出現，但不保證順序
 
-# 用 "valuess()" 將所有的Value輸出到一個List中
+# 用 "values()" 將所有的Value輸出到一個List中
 filled_dict.values()   # => [3, 2, 1]
 # 註: 同上，不保證順序
 
@@ -457,16 +457,14 @@ add(5, 6)   # => 輸出 "x is 5 and y is 6" 並回傳 11
 add(y=6, x=5)   # 這種狀況下，兩個參數的順序並不影響執行
 
 
-# 你可以定義接受多個變數的函式，這些變數是按照順序排序的
-# 如果不加*的話會被解讀為tuple
+# 你可以定義接受多個變數的函式，用*來表示參數tuple
 def varargs(*args):
     return args
 
 varargs(1, 2, 3)   # => (1, 2, 3)
 
 
-# 你可以定義接受多個變數的函式，這些變數是按照keyword排序的
-# 如果不加**的話會被解讀為dictionary
+# 你可以定義接受多個變數的函式，用**來表示參數dictionary
 def keyword_args(**kwargs):
     return kwargs
 
@@ -555,6 +553,7 @@ class Human(object):
     # 注意前後的雙底線代表物件
     # 還有被python用，但實際上是在使用者控制的命名
     # 空間內的參數。你不應該自己宣告這樣的名稱。
+    # 注意前後的雙底線代表此物件或屬性雖然在使用者控制的命名空間內，但是被python使用
     def __init__(self, name):
         # 將函式引入的參數 name 指定給實體的 name 參數
         self.name = name
-- 
cgit v1.2.3


From 4b4024b49581d0f80aa3ce815b726bac1af99ef7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hinet60613 <hinet60613@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 17 Dec 2015 01:51:19 +0800
Subject: Fix typo

---
 zh-tw/python-tw.html.markdown | 6 ++----
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

(limited to 'zh-tw/python-tw.html.markdown')

diff --git a/zh-tw/python-tw.html.markdown b/zh-tw/python-tw.html.markdown
index f8602769..553181d8 100644
--- a/zh-tw/python-tw.html.markdown
+++ b/zh-tw/python-tw.html.markdown
@@ -550,10 +550,8 @@ class Human(object):
     species = "H. sapiens"
 
     # 基礎建構函式，當class被實體化的時候會被呼叫
-    # 注意前後的雙底線代表物件
-    # 還有被python用，但實際上是在使用者控制的命名
-    # 空間內的參數。你不應該自己宣告這樣的名稱。
-    # 注意前後的雙底線代表此物件或屬性雖然在使用者控制的命名空間內，但是被python使用
+    # 注意前後的雙底線
+    # 代表此物件或屬性雖然在使用者控制的命名空間內，但是被python使用
     def __init__(self, name):
         # 將函式引入的參數 name 指定給實體的 name 參數
         self.name = name
-- 
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