Update coldfusion.html.markdown

Adds variable declaration, comparison operators, and if/else control structures

1 files changed, 394 insertions, 1 deletions

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-Coming soon
+---
+language: ColdFusion
+contributors:
+    - ["Wayne Boka", "http://wboka.github.io"]
+filename: LearnColdFusion.cfm
+---
+
+ColdFusion is a scripting language for web development.
+[Read more here.](http://www.adobe.com/products/coldfusion-family.html)
+
+```ColdFusion
+<!--- Comments start with "<!---" and end with "--->" --->
+<!--- 
+    Comments can
+    also 
+    span
+    multiple lines
+--->
+
+<!--- CFML tags have a similar format to HTML tags. --->
+
+<!--- Variable Declaration: Variables are loosely typed, similar to javascript --->
+<cfset myVariable = "myValue" />
+<cfset myNumber = 3.14 />
+
+<!--- Displaying simple data --->
+<!--- Use <cfoutput> for simple values such as strings, numbers, and expressions --->
+<cfoutput>#myVariable#</cfoutput> <!--- myValue --->
+<cfoutput>#myNumber#</cfoutput> <!--- myValue --->
+
+<!--- Declaring complex variables --->
+<!--- Declaring an array of 1 dimension: literal or bracket notation --->
+<cfset myArray1 = [] />
+<!--- Declaring an array of 1 dimension: function notation --->
+<cfset myArray2 = ArrayNew(1) />
+
+<!--- Outputting complex variables --->
+<cfdump var="#myArray1#" /> <!--- An empty array object --->
+<cfdump var="#myArray1#" /> <!--- An empty array object --->
+
+<!--- Operators --->
+<!--- Arithmetic --->
+<cfoutput>#1 + 1#</cfoutput> = 2
+<cfoutput>#10 - 8#</cfoutput> = 2
+<cfoutput>#1 * 2#</cfoutput> = 2
+<cfoutput>#10 / 5#</cfoutput> = 2
+<cfoutput>#12 % 5#</cfoutput> = 0
+
+<!--- Comparison --->
+<cfoutput>#1 eq 1#</cfoutput> <!--- TRUE --->
+<cfoutput>#15 neq 1#</cfoutput> <!--- TRUE --->
+<cfoutput>#10 gt 8#</cfoutput> <!--- TRUE --->
+<cfoutput>#1 lt 2#</cfoutput> <!--- TRUE --->
+<cfoutput>#10 gte 5#</cfoutput> <!--- TRUE --->
+<cfoutput>#1 lte 5#</cfoutput> <!--- TRUE --->
+
+<!--- Control Structures --->
+<cfset myCondition = "Test" />
+<cfif myCondition eq "Test">
+    <cfoutput>#myCondition#</cfoutput>
+<cfelseif myCondition eq "Production">
+    <cfoutput>#myCondition#. Proceed Carefully!!!</cfoutput>
+<cfelse>
+    myCondition is unknown
+</cfif>
+```
+<!--        // While loop
+        int fooWhile = 0;
+        while(fooWhile < 100) {
+            System.out.println(fooWhile);
+            // Increment the counter
+            // Iterated 100 times, fooWhile 0,1,2...99
+            fooWhile++;
+        }
+        System.out.println("fooWhile Value: " + fooWhile);
+
+        // Do While Loop
+        int fooDoWhile = 0;
+        do {
+            System.out.println(fooDoWhile);
+            // Increment the counter
+            // Iterated 99 times, fooDoWhile 0->99
+            fooDoWhile++;
+        } while(fooDoWhile < 100);
+        System.out.println("fooDoWhile Value: " + fooDoWhile);
+
+        // For Loop
+        int fooFor;
+        // for loop structure => for(<start_statement>; <conditional>; <step>)
+        for (fooFor = 0; fooFor < 10; fooFor++) {
+            System.out.println(fooFor);
+            // Iterated 10 times, fooFor 0->9
+        }
+        System.out.println("fooFor Value: " + fooFor);
+
+        // For Each Loop
+        // The for loop is also able to iterate over arrays as well as objects
+        // that implement the Iterable interface.
+        int[] fooList = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9};
+        // for each loop structure => for (<object> : <iterable>)
+        // reads as: for each element in the iterable
+        // note: the object type must match the element type of the iterable.
+
+        for (int bar : fooList) {
+            System.out.println(bar);
+            //Iterates 9 times and prints 1-9 on new lines
+        }
+
+        // Switch Case
+        // A switch works with the byte, short, char, and int data types.
+        // It also works with enumerated types (discussed in Enum Types), the
+        // String class, and a few special classes that wrap primitive types:
+        // Character, Byte, Short, and Integer.
+        int month = 3;
+        String monthString;
+        switch (month) {
+            case 1: monthString = "January";
+                    break;
+            case 2: monthString = "February";
+                    break;
+            case 3: monthString = "March";
+                    break;
+            default: monthString = "Some other month";
+                     break;
+        }
+        System.out.println("Switch Case Result: " + monthString);
+
+        // Conditional Shorthand
+        // You can use the '?' operator for quick assignments or logic forks.
+        // Reads as "If (statement) is true, use <first value>, otherwise, use
+        // <second value>"
+        int foo = 5;
+        String bar = (foo < 10) ? "A" : "B";
+        System.out.println(bar); // Prints A, because the statement is true
+
+
+        ////////////////////////////////////////
+        // Converting Data Types And Typecasting
+        ////////////////////////////////////////
+
+        // Converting data
+
+        // Convert String To Integer
+        Integer.parseInt("123");//returns an integer version of "123"
+
+        // Convert Integer To String
+        Integer.toString(123);//returns a string version of 123
+
+        // For other conversions check out the following classes:
+        // Double
+        // Long
+        // String
+
+        // Typecasting
+        // You can also cast Java objects, there's a lot of details and deals
+        // with some more intermediate concepts. Feel free to check it out here:
+        // http://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/IandI/subclasses.html
+
+
+        ///////////////////////////////////////
+        // Classes And Functions
+        ///////////////////////////////////////
+
+        System.out.println("\n->Classes & Functions");
+
+        // (definition of the Bicycle class follows)
+
+        // Use new to instantiate a class
+        Bicycle trek = new Bicycle();
+
+        // Call object methods
+        trek.speedUp(3); // You should always use setter and getter methods
+        trek.setCadence(100);
+
+        // toString returns this Object's string representation.
+        System.out.println("trek info: " + trek.toString());
+
+    } // End main method
+} // End LearnJava class
+
+
+// You can include other, non-public outer-level classes in a .java file
+
+
+// Class Declaration Syntax:
+// <public/private/protected> class <class name> {
+//    // data fields, constructors, functions all inside.
+//    // functions are called as methods in Java.
+// }
+
+class Bicycle {
+
+    // Bicycle's Fields/Variables
+    public int cadence; // Public: Can be accessed from anywhere
+    private int speed;  // Private: Only accessible from within the class
+    protected int gear; // Protected: Accessible from the class and subclasses
+    String name; // default: Only accessible from within this package
+
+    // Constructors are a way of creating classes
+    // This is a constructor
+    public Bicycle() {
+        gear = 1;
+        cadence = 50;
+        speed = 5;
+        name = "Bontrager";
+    }
+
+    // This is a constructor that takes arguments
+    public Bicycle(int startCadence, int startSpeed, int startGear,
+        String name) {
+        this.gear = startGear;
+        this.cadence = startCadence;
+        this.speed = startSpeed;
+        this.name = name;
+    }
+
+    // Function Syntax:
+    // <public/private/protected> <return type> <function name>(<args>)
+
+    // Java classes often implement getters and setters for their fields
+
+    // Method declaration syntax:
+    // <scope> <return type> <method name>(<args>)
+    public int getCadence() {
+        return cadence;
+    }
+
+    // void methods require no return statement
+    public void setCadence(int newValue) {
+        cadence = newValue;
+    }
+
+    public void setGear(int newValue) {
+        gear = newValue;
+    }
+
+    public void speedUp(int increment) {
+        speed += increment;
+    }
+
+    public void slowDown(int decrement) {
+        speed -= decrement;
+    }
+
+    public void setName(String newName) {
+        name = newName;
+    }
+
+    public String getName() {
+        return name;
+    }
+
+    //Method to display the attribute values of this Object.
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "gear: " + gear + " cadence: " + cadence + " speed: " + speed +
+            " name: " + name;
+    }
+} // end class Bicycle
+
+// PennyFarthing is a subclass of Bicycle
+class PennyFarthing extends Bicycle {
+    // (Penny Farthings are those bicycles with the big front wheel.
+    // They have no gears.)
+
+    public PennyFarthing(int startCadence, int startSpeed){
+        // Call the parent constructor with super
+        super(startCadence, startSpeed, 0, "PennyFarthing");
+    }
+
+    // You should mark a method you're overriding with an @annotation.
+    // To learn more about what annotations are and their purpose check this
+    // out: http://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/annotations/
+    @Override
+    public void setGear(int gear) {
+        gear = 0;
+    }
+}
+
+// Interfaces
+// Interface declaration syntax
+// <access-level> interface <interface-name> extends <super-interfaces> {
+//     // Constants
+//     // Method declarations
+// }
+
+// Example - Food:
+public interface Edible {
+	public void eat(); // Any class that implements this interface, must
+                       // implement this method.
+}
+
+public interface Digestible {
+	public void digest();
+}
+
+
+// We can now create a class that implements both of these interfaces.
+public class Fruit implements Edible, Digestible {
+    @Override
+	public void eat() {
+		// ...
+	}
+
+    @Override
+	public void digest() {
+		// ...
+	}
+}
+
+// In Java, you can extend only one class, but you can implement many
+// interfaces. For example:
+public class ExampleClass extends ExampleClassParent implements InterfaceOne,
+    InterfaceTwo {
+    @Override
+	public void InterfaceOneMethod() {
+	}
+
+    @Override
+	public void InterfaceTwoMethod() {
+	}
+}
+
+
+// Abstract Classes 
+// Abstract Class declaration syntax
+// <access-level> abstract <abstract-class-name> extends <super-abstract-classes> {
+//     // Constants and variables
+//     // Method declarations
+// }
+
+// Methods can't have bodies in an interface, unless the method is
+// static. Also variables are NOT final by default, unlike an interface.
+// Also abstract classes CAN have the "main" method.
+// Abstract classes solve these problems.
+
+public abstract class Animal 
+{
+	public abstract void makeSound();
+
+	// Method can have a body
+	public void eat()
+	{
+		System.out.println("I am an animal and I am Eating.");  
+		// Note: We can access private variable here.
+		age = 30;
+	}
+
+	// No need to initialize, however in an interface 
+	// a variable is implicitly final and hence has
+	// to be initialized.
+	private int age;
+
+	public void printAge()
+	{
+		System.out.println(age);  
+	}
+
+	// Abstract classes can have main function.
+	public static void main(String[] args)
+	{
+		System.out.println("I am abstract");
+	}
+}
+
+class Dog extends Animal
+{
+	// Note still have to override the abstract methods in the
+	// abstract class.
+	@Override
+	public void makeSound()
+	{
+		System.out.println("Bark");
+		// age = 30;	==> ERROR!	age is private to Animal
+	}
+
+	// NOTE: You will get an error if you used the 
+	// @Override annotation here, since java doesn't allow
+	// overriding of static methods.
+	// What is happening here is called METHOD HIDING.
+	// Check out this awesome SO post: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/16313649/
+	public static void main(String[] args)
+	{
+		Dog pluto = new Dog();
+		pluto.makeSound();
+		pluto.eat();
+		pluto.printAge();
+	}
+}
+-->
+
+## Further Reading
+
+The links provided here below are just to get an understanding of the topic, feel free to Google and find specific examples.