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authorJustin Donaldson <jdonaldson@gmail.com>2013-08-22 16:38:07 -0700
committerJustin Donaldson <jdonaldson@gmail.com>2013-08-22 16:38:07 -0700
commitf11d5cf90c69d7777d5c022e01921fe3bd5961b6 (patch)
tree496c9bfa01df373c0f6a566754b9186b15f035f0 /haxe.html.markdown
parentcd723d1245282e33dd0fd0c0f52222c7f91bc3bd (diff)
add more doc details, some more examples
Diffstat (limited to 'haxe.html.markdown')
-rw-r--r--haxe.html.markdown90
1 files changed, 50 insertions, 40 deletions
diff --git a/haxe.html.markdown b/haxe.html.markdown
index 9ef69c64..1fa84a6d 100644
--- a/haxe.html.markdown
+++ b/haxe.html.markdown
@@ -16,27 +16,37 @@ references.
Welcome to Learn Haxe 3 in 15 minutes. http://www.haxe.org
This is an executable tutorial. You can compile and run it using the haxe
compiler, while in the same directory as LearnHaxe.hx:
- haxe -main LearnHaxe3 -x out
- */
+ $> haxe -main LearnHaxe3 -x out
-// Let's start with comments... this is a single line comment
+ Look for the slash-star marks surrounding these paragraphs. We are inside
+ a "Multiline comment". We can leave some notes here that will get ignored
+ by the compiler.
+
+ Multiline comments are also used to generate javadoc-style documentation for
+ haxedoc. They will be used for haxedoc if they immediately precede a class,
+ class function, or class variable.
-/*
- And this is multiline. Multiline comments are also used to generate
- javadoc-style documentation for haxedoc. They will be used if they precede
- a class, class function, or class variable.
*/
+// Double slashes like this will give a single-line comment
+
+
/*
- This is your first actual haxe code, it's declaring an empty package. A
- package isn't necessary, but it's useful if you want to create a namespace
- for your code (e.g. org.module.ClassName).
+ This is your first actual haxe code coming up, it's declaring an empty
+ package. A package isn't necessary, but it's useful if you want to create a
+ namespace for your code (e.g. org.module.ClassName).
*/
package; // empty package, no namespace.
/*
- if you import code from other files, it must be declared before the rest of
- the code.
+ Packages define modules for your code. Each module (e.g. org.module) must
+ be lower case, and should exist as a folder structure containing the class.
+ Class (and type) names must be capitalized. E.g, the class "org.module.Foo"
+ should have the folder structure org/module/Foo.hx, as accessible from the
+ compiler's working directory or class path.
+
+ If you import code from other files, it must be declared before the rest of
+ the code. Haxe provides a lot of common default classes to get you started:
*/
import haxe.ds.ArraySort;
@@ -44,8 +54,8 @@ import haxe.ds.ArraySort;
import haxe.ds.*;
/*
- you can also import classes in a special way, enabling them to extend the
- functionality of other classes. More on 'using' later.
+ You can also import classes in a special way, enabling them to extend the
+ functionality of other classes like a "mixin". More on 'using' later.
*/
using StringTools;
@@ -55,9 +65,13 @@ using StringTools;
*/
typedef FooString = String;
-// Typedefs can also use "structural" types, more on that later as well!
+// Typedefs can also reference "structural" types, more on that later as well.
typedef FooObject = { foo: String };
+/*
+ Here's the class definition. It's the main class for the file, since it has
+ the same name (LearnHaxe3).
+ */
class LearnHaxe3{
/*
If you want certain code to run automatically, you need to put it in
@@ -66,6 +80,7 @@ class LearnHaxe3{
arguments above.
*/
static function main(){
+
/*
Trace is the default method of printing haxe expressions to the
screen. Different targets will have different methods of
@@ -75,8 +90,6 @@ class LearnHaxe3{
Finally, It's possible to prevent traces from showing by using the
"--no-traces" argument on the compiler.
*/
-
-
trace("Hello World, with trace()!");
/*
@@ -84,16 +97,11 @@ class LearnHaxe3{
a representation of the expression as best it can. You can also
concatenate strings with the "+" operator:
*/
- trace(
- " Integer: " + 10 +
- " Float: " + 3.14 +
- " Boolean: " + true
- );
-
+ trace( " Integer: " + 10 + " Float: " + 3.14 + " Boolean: " + true);
/*
- Remember what I said about expressions needing semicolons? You
- can put more than one expression on a line if you want.
+ In Haxe, it's required to separate expressions in the same block with
+ semicolons. But, you can put two expressions on one line:
*/
trace('two expressions..'); trace('one line');
@@ -107,7 +115,6 @@ class LearnHaxe3{
You can save values and references to data structures using the
"var" keyword:
*/
-
var an_integer:Int = 1;
trace(an_integer + " is the value for an_integer");
@@ -119,7 +126,6 @@ class LearnHaxe3{
the haxe compiler is inferring that the type of another_integer
should be "Int".
*/
-
var another_integer = 2;
trace(another_integer + " is the value for another_integer");
@@ -157,6 +163,12 @@ class LearnHaxe3{
trace(a_sub_string + " is the value for a_sub_string");
/*
+ Regexes are also supported, but there's not enough space to go into
+ much detail.
+ */
+ trace((~/foobar/.match('foo')) + " is the value for (~/foobar/.match('foo')))");
+
+ /*
Arrays are zero-indexed, dynamic, and mutable. Missing values are
defined as null.
*/
@@ -199,7 +211,7 @@ class LearnHaxe3{
trace(m3 + " is the value for m3");
/*
- Haxe has many more common datastructures in the haxe.ds module, such as
+ Haxe has some more common datastructures in the haxe.ds module, such as
List, Stack, and BalancedTree
*/
@@ -225,7 +237,7 @@ class LearnHaxe3{
trace((3 >= 2) + " is the value for 3 >= 2");
trace((3 <= 2) + " is the value for 3 <= 2");
- //bitwise operators
+ // standard bitwise operators
/*
~ Unary bitwise complement
<< Signed left shift
@@ -411,12 +423,11 @@ class LearnHaxe3{
As mentioned before, Haxe is a statically typed language. All in
all, static typing is a wonderful thing. It enables
- autocompletions, and can be used to check the correctness of a
- program in very thorough ways. Plus, the Haxe compiler is super fast.
- You probably won't be waiting on it very much.
+ precise autocompletions, and can be used to thoroughly check the
+ correctness of a program. Plus, the Haxe compiler is super fast.
*HOWEVER*, there are times when you just wish the compiler would let
- something slide, and not throw a type error in a limited case.
+ something slide, and not throw a type error in a given case.
To do this, Haxe has two separate keywords. The first is the
"Dynamic" type:
@@ -429,12 +440,12 @@ class LearnHaxe3{
wildcard variable: You can pass it instead of any variable type,
and you can assign any variable type you want.
- The other more extreme option is the "untyped" keyword
+ The other more extreme option is the "untyped" keyword:
*/
untyped {
- var x:Int = 'foo';
- var y:String = 4;
+ var x:Int = 'foo'; // this can't be right!
+ var y:String = 4; // madness!
}
/*
@@ -444,9 +455,9 @@ class LearnHaxe3{
situations where type checking is a hinderance.
In general, skipping type checks is *not* recommended. Use the
- enum, inheritance, or structural type models in order to verify the
- correctness of your program. Only when you're certain that none of
- the type models work should you resort to "Dynamic" or "untyped".
+ enum, inheritance, or structural type models in order to help ensure
+ the correctness of your program. Only when you're certain that none
+ of the type models work should you resort to "Dynamic" or "untyped".
*/
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@@ -459,7 +470,6 @@ class LearnHaxe3{
Create an instance of FooClass. The classes for this are at the
end of the file.
*/
-
var instance = new FooClass(3);
// read the public variable normally