diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'standard-ml.html.markdown')
| -rw-r--r-- | standard-ml.html.markdown | 42 |
1 files changed, 36 insertions, 6 deletions
diff --git a/standard-ml.html.markdown b/standard-ml.html.markdown index 07896beb..125183c0 100644 --- a/standard-ml.html.markdown +++ b/standard-ml.html.markdown @@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ contributors: - ["Simon Shine", "http://shine.eu.org/"] - ["David Pedersen", "http://lonelyproton.com/"] - ["James Baker", "http://www.jbaker.io/"] + - ["Leo Zovic", "http://langnostic.inaimathi.ca/"] --- Standard ML is a functional programming language with type inference and some @@ -136,9 +137,29 @@ val mixup = [ ("Alice", 39), val good_bad_stuff = (["ice cream", "hot dogs", "chocolate"], - ["liver", "paying the rent" ]) (* string list * string list *) + ["liver", "paying the rent" ]) (* : string list * string list *) +(* Records are tuples with named slots *) + +val rgb = { r=0.23, g=0.56, b=0.91 } (* : {b:real, g:real, r:real} *) + +(* You don't need to declare their slots ahead of time. Records with + different slot names are considered different types, even if their + slot value types match up. For instance... *) + +val Hsl = { H=310.3, s=0.51, l=0.23 } (* : {H:real, l:real, s:real} *) +val Hsv = { H=310.3, s=0.51, v=0.23 } (* : {H:real, s:real, v:real} *) + +(* ...trying to evaluate `Hsv = Hsl` or `rgb = Hsl` would give a type + error. While they're all three-slot records composed only of `real`s, + they each have different names for at least some slots. *) + +(* You can use hash notation to get values out of tuples. *) + +val H = #H Hsv (* : real *) +val s = #s Hsl (* : real *) + (* Functions! *) fun add_them (a, b) = a + b (* A simple function that adds two numbers *) val test_it = add_them (3, 4) (* gives 7 *) @@ -225,17 +246,26 @@ fun fibonacci 0 = 0 (* Base case *) | fibonacci 1 = 1 (* Base case *) | fibonacci n = fibonacci (n - 1) + fibonacci (n - 2) (* Recursive case *) -(* Pattern matching is also possible on composite types like tuples and lists. - Writing "fun solve2 (a, b, c) = ..." is in fact a pattern match on the one - three-tuple solve2 takes as argument. Similarly, but less intuitively, you - can match on a list consisting of elements in it (from the beginning of the - list only). *) +(* Pattern matching is also possible on composite types like tuples, lists and + records. Writing "fun solve2 (a, b, c) = ..." is in fact a pattern match on + the one three-tuple solve2 takes as argument. Similarly, but less intuitively, + you can match on a list consisting of elements in it (from the beginning of + the list only). *) fun first_elem (x::xs) = x fun second_elem (x::y::xs) = y fun evenly_positioned_elems (odd::even::xs) = even::evenly_positioned_elems xs | evenly_positioned_elems [odd] = [] (* Base case: throw away *) | evenly_positioned_elems [] = [] (* Base case *) +(* When matching on records, you must use their slot names, and you must bind + every slot in a record. The order of the slots doesn't matter though. *) + +fun rgbToTup {r, g, b} = (r, g, b) (* fn : {b:'a, g:'b, r:'c} -> 'c * 'b * 'a *) +fun mixRgbToTup {g, b, r} = (r, g, b) (* fn : {b:'a, g:'b, r:'c} -> 'c * 'b * 'a *) + +(* If called with {r=0.1, g=0.2, b=0.3}, either of the above functions + would return (0.1, 0.2, 0.3). But it would be a type error to call them + with {r=0.1, g=0.2, b=0.3, a=0.4} *) (* Higher order functions: Functions can take other functions as arguments. Functions are just other kinds of values, and functions don't need names |