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diff --git a/typescript.html.markdown b/typescript.html.markdown index acc258b4..6feaca45 100644 --- a/typescript.html.markdown +++ b/typescript.html.markdown @@ -5,13 +5,19 @@ contributors: filename: learntypescript.ts --- -TypeScript is a language that aims at easing development of large scale applications written in JavaScript. -TypeScript adds common concepts such as classes, modules, interfaces, generics and (optional) static typing to JavaScript. -It is a superset of JavaScript: all JavaScript code is valid TypeScript code so it can be added seamlessly to any project. The TypeScript compiler emits JavaScript. +TypeScript is a language that aims at easing development of large scale +applications written in JavaScript. TypeScript adds common concepts such as +classes, modules, interfaces, generics and (optional) static typing to +JavaScript. It is a superset of JavaScript: all JavaScript code is valid +TypeScript code so it can be added seamlessly to any project. The TypeScript +compiler emits JavaScript. -This article will focus only on TypeScript extra syntax, as opposed to [JavaScript](/docs/javascript). +This article will focus only on TypeScript extra syntax, as opposed to +[JavaScript](/docs/javascript). -To test TypeScript's compiler, head to the [Playground] (http://www.typescriptlang.org/Playground) where you will be able to type code, have auto completion and directly see the emitted JavaScript. +To test TypeScript's compiler, head to the +[Playground] (http://www.typescriptlang.org/Playground) where you will be able +to type code, have auto completion and directly see the emitted JavaScript. ```ts // There are 3 basic types in TypeScript @@ -19,7 +25,8 @@ let isDone: boolean = false; let lines: number = 42; let name: string = "Anders"; -// But you can omit the type annotation if the variables are derived from explicit literals +// But you can omit the type annotation if the variables are derived +// from explicit literals let isDone = false; let lines = 42; let name = "Anders"; @@ -113,6 +120,13 @@ class Point { static origin = new Point(0, 0); } +// Classes can be explicitly marked as implementing an interface. +// Any missing properties will then cause an error at compile-time. +class PointPerson implements Person { + name: string + move() {} +} + let p1 = new Point(10, 20); let p2 = new Point(25); //y will be 0 @@ -178,6 +192,37 @@ let greeting = `Hi ${name}, how are you?` let multiline = `This is an example of a multiline string`; +// READONLY: New Feature in TypeScript 3.1 +interface Person { + readonly name: string; + readonly age: number; +} + +var p1: Person = { name: "Tyrone", age: 42 }; +p1.age = 25; // Error, p1.x is read-only + +var p2 = { name: "John", age: 60 }; +var p3: Person = p2; // Ok, read-only alias for p2 +p3.x = 35; // Error, p3.x is read-only +p2.x = 45; // Ok, but also changes p3.x because of aliasing + +class Car { + readonly make: string; + readonly model: string; + readonly year = 2018; + + constructor() { + this.make = "Unknown Make"; // Assignment permitted in constructor + this.model = "Unknown Model"; // Assignment permitted in constructor + } +} + +let numbers: Array<number> = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]; +let moreNumbers: ReadonlyArray<number> = numbers; +moreNumbers[5] = 5; // Error, elements are read-only +moreNumbers.push(5); // Error, no push method (because it mutates array) +moreNumbers.length = 3; // Error, length is read-only +numbers = moreNumbers; // Error, mutating methods are missing ``` ## Further Reading |