diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'zh-tw')
| -rw-r--r-- | zh-tw/perl-tw.html.markdown | 133 |
1 files changed, 64 insertions, 69 deletions
diff --git a/zh-tw/perl-tw.html.markdown b/zh-tw/perl-tw.html.markdown index 04b58d63..0286a75d 100644 --- a/zh-tw/perl-tw.html.markdown +++ b/zh-tw/perl-tw.html.markdown @@ -94,37 +94,34 @@ my @colors = values %fruit_color; # 關於純量、陣列、雜湊，在 perldata 文件之中，有更完整的描述。 # (perldoc perldata) -#### References +#### 參照 -# More complex data types can be constructed using references, which -# allow you to build arrays and hashes within arrays and hashes. +# 以參照能組出結構更為複雜的資料型別。像是在陣列中放入雜湊、在雜湊裡放入陣列的雜湊。 my $array_ref = \@array; my $hash_ref = \%hash; my @array_of_arrays = (\@array1, \@array2, \@array3); -# You can also create anonymous arrays or hashes, returning a reference: +# 匿名陣列與匿名雜湊也是參照 my $fruits = ["apple", "banana"]; my $colors = {apple => "red", banana => "yellow"}; -# References can be dereferenced by prefixing the appropriate sigil. +# 在參照之前補上適當的印記，是為解參照。 my @fruits_array = @$fruits; my %colors_hash = %$colors; -# As a shortcut, the arrow operator can be used to dereference and -# access a single value. +# 以箭頭算符，便可在解參照同時存取其中一值。 my $first = $array_ref->[0]; my $value = $hash_ref->{banana}; -# See perlreftut and perlref for more in-depth documentation on -# references. +# 欲深入了解參照，詳見 perlreftut 與 perlref 兩份文件 -#### Conditional and looping constructs +#### 條件結構與迴圈結構 -# Perl has most of the usual conditional and looping constructs. +# Perl 語言中亦具備常見的條件結講與迴圈結構。 if ($var) { ... @@ -137,9 +134,9 @@ if ($var) { unless (condition) { ... } -# This is provided as a more readable version of "if (!condition)" +# 這算是可讀性較好的 "if (!condition)" -# the Perlish post-condition way +# 倒裝句型算是某「很 Perl 的」寫法 print "Yow!" if $zippy; print "We have no bananas" unless $bananas; @@ -149,7 +146,7 @@ while (condition) { } my $max = 5; -# for loops and iteration +# 以 for 迴圈，$i 為迭代變數 for my $i (0 .. $max) { print "index is $i"; } @@ -160,68 +157,63 @@ for my $element (@elements) { map {print} @elements; -# implicitly - +# 迭代變數為 $_ for (@elements) { print; } -# iterating through a hash (for and foreach are equivalent) +# 對雜湊進行迭代（for 與 foreach 完全相同） foreach my $key (keys %hash) { print $key, ': ', $hash{$key}, "\n"; } -# the Perlish post-condition way again +# 又是「很 Perl 的」倒裝句法 print for @elements; -# iterating through the keys and values of a referenced hash +# 對一雜湊參照之中迭代，逐一走過其鍵與值 print $hash_ref->{$_} for keys %$hash_ref; -#### Regular expressions - -# Perl's regular expression support is both broad and deep, and is the -# subject of lengthy documentation in perlrequick, perlretut, and -# elsewhere. However, in short: +#### 正規表示式 -# Simple matching -if (/foo/) { ... } # true if $_ contains "foo" -if ($x =~ /foo/) { ... } # true if $x contains "foo" +# Perl 中，對正規表示式的支援既廣亦深，在 perlrequick、perlretut 等各處文件中 +# 都有更加完整的文件。不過，簡而言之： -# Simple substitution +# 簡易比對 +if (/foo/) { ... } # 若 $_ 內含 "foo" 則為真 +if ($x =~ /foo/) { ... } # 若 $x 內含 "foo" 則為真 -$x =~ s/foo/bar/; # replaces foo with bar in $x -$x =~ s/foo/bar/g; # replaces ALL INSTANCES of foo with bar in $x +# 簡易取代 +$x =~ s/foo/bar/; # 將 $x 中第一個出現的 foo 換為 bar +$x =~ s/foo/bar/g; # 將 $x 中所有出現的 foo 換為 bar +#### 檔案與輸出入 -#### Files and I/O +# 以 "open" 函式開檔後，便可自檔案輸入或對其輸出 -# You can open a file for input or output using the "open()" function. - -# For reading: +# 讀檔： open(my $in, "<", "input.txt") or die "Can't open input.txt: $!"; -# For writing (clears file if it exists): + +# 寫檔（若檔案已經存在，舊內容會被清空）： open(my $out, ">", "output.txt") or die "Can't open output.txt: $!"; -# For writing (appends to end of file): + +# 寫檔（若檔案已經存在，會寫到檔尾去）： open(my $log, ">>", "my.log") or die "Can't open my.log: $!"; -# You can read from an open filehandle using the "<>" operator. In -# scalar context it reads a single line from the filehandle, and in list -# context it reads the whole file in, assigning each line to an element -# of the list: +# 使用 "<>" 算符，能對檔案代號進行讀取。在純量語境下，會自檔案代號讀一列內容。 +# 而在串列語境下，對讀入整個檔案。每一列都會成為串列中一項元素。 my $line = <$in>; my @lines = <$in>; -# You can write to an open filehandle using the standard "print" -# function. +# 以 "print" 函式，則可對檔案代號進行輸出。 print $out @lines; print $log $msg, "\n"; -#### Writing subroutines +#### 函式之撰寫 -# Writing subroutines is easy: +# 撰寫函式很是容易： sub logger { my $logmessage = shift; @@ -231,16 +223,19 @@ sub logger { print $logfile $logmessage; } -# Now we can use the subroutine just as any other built-in function: +# 之後，使用起來就與內建函式無異： logger("We have a logger subroutine!"); -#### Modules +#### 模組 # A module is a set of Perl code, usually subroutines, which can be used # in other Perl code. It is usually stored in a file with the extension # .pm so that Perl can find it. +# 所謂模組，就是一組 Perl 程式碼，由一些函式組成，並可讓其他 Perl 程式碼來利用。 +# 為了讓 perl 能找至，通常模組之副標名為 .pm 。 + package MyModule; use strict; use warnings; @@ -254,24 +249,21 @@ sub trim { 1; -# From elsewhere: +# 自他處利用： use MyModule; MyModule::trim($string); -# The Exporter module can help with making subroutines exportable, so -# they can be used like this: +# Exporter 模組能將函式出口，好讓它們能被這樣利用： use MyModule 'trim'; trim($string); -# Many Perl modules can be downloaded from CPAN (http://www.cpan.org/) -# and provide a range of features to help you avoid reinventing the -# wheel. A number of popular modules like Exporter are included with -# the Perl distribution itself. See perlmod for more details on modules -# in Perl. +# 有許多 Perl 模組能從 CPAN (https://www.cpan.org) 下載下來，各式各樣的機能讓你 +# 能免於重新發明輪子。不少高人氣模組，如 Exporter，則是與 Perl 一同釋出、散佈。 +# 更多關於 Perl 模組的細節，詳見 perlmod 文件。 -#### Objects +#### 物件 # Objects in Perl are just references that know which class (package) # they belong to, so that methods (subroutines) called on it can be @@ -279,6 +271,11 @@ trim($string); # to set this up. However, you never need to call it yourself if you use # a module like Moose or Moo (see below). +# Perl 中的物件，只是個參照，但同時又知道自己屬於哪個類別（package），於是對自身 +# 調用方法（函式）時方知去何處尋找函式本體。在建構子（通常是 "new"）中，都是以 +# "bless" 函式來標記參照與其類別。只不過，若你使用像 Moose 或 Moo 模組的話，這些 +# 都不必自己來（總之請繼續往下讀）。 + package MyCounter; use strict; use warnings; @@ -301,21 +298,18 @@ sub increment { 1; -# Methods can be called on a class or object instance with the arrow -# operator. - +# 以箭頭運算符，便可對某類別或某物件呼叫某方法： use MyCounter; my $counter = MyCounter->new; print $counter->count, "\n"; # 0 $counter->increment; print $counter->count, "\n"; # 1 -# The modules Moose and Moo from CPAN can help you set up your object -# classes. They provide a constructor and simple syntax for declaring -# attributes. This class can be used equivalently to the one above. +# CPAN 上的 Moose 與 Moo 模組能助你撰寫類別本體。它們提供了建構子，與簡單易懂的 +# 語法能來宣告屬性。前述的類別改寫之後，如下： package MyCounter; -use Moo; # imports strict and warnings +use Moo; # 同時也啟用 strict 與 warnings has 'count' => (is => 'rwp', default => 0, init_arg => undef); @@ -326,17 +320,18 @@ sub increment { 1; -# Object-oriented programming is covered more thoroughly in perlootut, -# and its low-level implementation in Perl is covered in perlobj. +# 物件導向程式設計於 perlootut 文件中有詳盡的說明，同時，perlobj 文件中更函蓋了 +# 底層實做之細節。 ``` -#### FAQ +#### 常見問答集 -perlfaq contains questions and answers related to many common tasks, and often provides suggestions for good CPAN modules to use. +perlfaq 文件內含了許多問與答，都是關於常遇到的問題與工作，也對其提供一些建議與好 +用的 CPAN 模組。 -#### Further Reading +#### 延伸閱讀 - [perl-tutorial](http://perl-tutorial.org/) - - [Learn at www.perl.com](http://www.perl.org/learn.html) + - [Learn Perl](https://www.perl.org/learn.html) - [perldoc](http://perldoc.perl.org/) - - and perl built-in : `perldoc perlintro` + - 內建函式 : `perldoc perlintro` |