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---
language: openscad
filename: learnopenscad.scad
contributors:
- ["Thomas Preston", "https://github.com/tompreston/"]
---
Draw 3D models with code using [OpenSCAD](https://openscad.org/).
```openscad
// Single-line comments start with //
/*
Multi-line comments look like this.
*/
/* 3D Primitives */
cube(10);
cube([5, 10, 20]);
sphere(10);
/* Transformations */
translate([20, 0, 0]) cube(10);
rotate([0, 20, 30]) cube(10);
translate([20, 0, 0]) rotate([0, 20, 30]) cube(10);
rotate([0, 20, 30]) translate([20, 0, 0]) cube(10);
/* Modifiers
* * disable
* ! show only
* # highlight / debug
* % transparent / background
*/
/* For example, show only the rotated cube at the origin, before we translate it. */
translate([20, 0, 0]) !rotate([0, 20, 30]) cube(10);
/* Formatting
* The following models are the same. The official docs prefer the second.
*/
rotate([0, 20, 30]) translate([20, 0, 0]) cube(10);
rotate([0, 20, 30])
translate([20, 0, 0])
cube(10);
rotate([0, 20, 30]) {
translate([20, 0, 0]) {
cube(10);
}
}
/* Loops */
num_cubes = 5;
r = 20;
cube_len = 5;
for (i = [0:num_cubes]) {
echo(str("Plot cube ", i));
rotate([0, i * 360 / num_cubes, 0])
translate([r, 0, 0])
cube(cube_len, center=true);
}
/* Boolean operations.
* union() - the sum of both shapes
* difference() - the first shape, minus the second shape
* intersection() - only parts of both shapes which intersect
*/
cube_l = 20;
cube_w = 10;
cube_h = 10;
hole_pos_l = 10;
hole_pos_h = 5;
hole_r = 3;
difference() {
cube([cube_l, cube_w, cube_h]);
translate([hole_pos_l, 0, hole_pos_h])
rotate([-90, 0, 0])
cylinder(cube_w, r=hole_r);
}
/* Functions calculate values. */
function inch2mm(i) = i * 25.4;
cube(inch2mm(2));
/* Modules create objects you want to use later. */
module house(roof="flat", paint=[1,0,0]) {
color(paint)
if (roof=="flat") {
translate([0,-1,0]) cube();
} else if (roof=="pitched") {
rotate([90,0,0])
linear_extrude(height=1)
polygon(points=[[0,0],[0,1],[0.5,1.5],[1,1],[1,0]]);
}
else if (roof=="domical") {
translate([0,-1,0]) {
translate([0.5,0.5,1])
sphere(r=0.5,$fn=20);
cube();
}
}
}
house("pitched");
translate([2, 0, 0]) house("domical");
/* Import modules and function from other files. */
include <filename> /* Import the content of the file as if they were written in this file. */
use <filename> /* Import modules and functions, but do not execute any commands. */
```
## Further Reading
* Official docs https://openscad.org/documentation.html
* Cheat sheet https://openscad.org/cheatsheet/index.html
* Vim bindings https://github.com/sirtaj/vim-openscad
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